SECTION 106 /042
The Revised Section 106 Process:
Flow Chart
May 1999
Initiate Section 106 Process
Establish undertaking No UNDERTAKING/
:-.. ,. Identify appropriate SHPO/THPO —M: NO POTENTIAL TO
Plan to involve the public CAUSE EFFECTS
Identify other consulting parties
UNDERTAKING MIGHT AFFECT HISTORIC PROPERTIES
Identify Historic Properties
Determine scope of efforts No HISTORIC
'E Identify historic properties ---r'
PROPERTIES AFFECTED
Evaluate historic significance
HISTORIC PROPERTIES ARE AFFECTED
$� Assess Adverse Effects No HISTORIC PROPERTIES
:<�a1 -- Apply criteria of adverse effect
ADVERSELY AFFECTED
HISTORIC PROPERTIES ARE ADVERSELY AFFECTED
Resolve Adverse Effects MEMORANDUM OF
Continue consultation AGREEMENT
FAILURE TO AGREE — ' COUNCIL COMMENT
(over) -
The Revised Section 106 Process: A Summary
Section 106 of the National Historic If questions arise about the eligibility of a Consultation usually results in a Memoran-
Preservation Act of 1966(NHPA)requires given property,the agency may seek a dum of Agreement(MOA),which outlines
Federal agencies to take into account the formal determination of eligibility from the agreed upon measures that the agency will
effects of their undertakings on historic National Park Service.Section 106 review take to avoid,minimize,or mitigate the ad-
properties,and afford the Advisory Council gives equal consideration to properties that verse effect. In some cases,the consulting
on Historic Preservation a reasonable have already been included in the National parties may agree that no such measures
opportunity to comment The historic Register as well as those that meet are possible,but that the adverse effects
preservation review process mandated by National Register criteria. must be accepted in the public interest
Section 106 is outlined in regulations issued
by the Council.These regulations, If the agency finds that no historic Implementation
Protection of Historic Properties;were properties are present or affected,
revised in May, 1999 and are summarized it provides documentation to the If an MOA is executed,the agency
below. They will be codified at 36 C.F.R. SHPO/THPO and,barring any objection in proceeds with its undertaking under the
Part 800. 30 days,proceeds with its undertaking. terms of the MOA.
Initiate Section 106 process If the Agency finds that historic properties Failure to resolve adverse effects
are present,it proceeds to assess possible
The responsible Federal agency first adverse effects. If consultation proves unproductiye,the
determines whether it has an undertaking agency or the SHPO/THPO,or the Council
that could affect historic properties,which Assess adverse effects itself,may terminate consultation. If an
are properties that are included in or that SHPO terminates consultation,the agency
meet the criteria for the National Register of The agency,in consultation with the and the Council may conclude an MOA
Historic Places. If so,it must identify the SHPO/THPO, makes an assessment of without SHPO involvement However,if a
appropriate State Historic Preservation adverse effects on the identified historic THPO terminates consultation and the
OfficerlTnbal Historic Preservation Officer properties based on criteria found in the undertaking is on or affecting historic
(SHPO/THPO)to consult with during the Council's regulations. properties on tribal lands,the Council must
process. It should also plan to involve the
provide its comments. The agency must
public,and identify other potential If they agree that there will be No Adverse submit appropriate documentation to the
consulting parties. If it determines that it Effect,the agency proceeds with the Council and request the Council's written
has no undertaking,or that its undertaking undertaking and any agreed upon comments. The agency head must take
has no potential to affect historic properties, conditions. into account the Council's written corn-
the agency has no further Section 106 ments in deciding how to proceed.
obligations. If the parties cannot agree or they find that
there is an Adverse Effect,the agency Tribes,Native Hawaiians,&the public
Identify historic properties begins consultation to identify ways to .
avoid,minimize,or mitigate adverse Public involvement is a key ingredient in
If the agency's undertaking could affect effects. successful Section 106 consultation,and
historic properties,the agency determines the views of the public should be solicited
the scope of appropriate identification Resolve adverse effects and considered throughout the process.
efforts and then proceeds to identify historic
properties in the area of potential effects. - The agency consults with the SHPO/THPO The regulations also place major emphasis
The agency reviews background and others,who may include Indian tribes on consultation with Indian tribes and
information,consults with the SHPO/THPO and Native Hawaiian organizations,local Native Hawaiian organizations,in keeping
and others,seeks information from governments, permit or license applicants, with the 1992 amendments to NHPA
knowledgeable parties,and conducts and members of the public.The Council Consultation with an Indian tribe must
additional studies as necessary. Districts, may participate in consultation when there respect tribal sovereignty and the
sites,buildings,structures,and objects are substantial impacts to important historic government—to-government relationship
listed in the National Register are properties,when a case presents important between the Federal government and
considered;unlisted properties are evalu- questions of policy or interpretation,when Indian tribes. Even if an Indian tribe has
ated against the National Park Service's there is a potential for procedural problems, not been certified by NPS to have a THPO
published criteria,in consultation with the or when there are issues of concern to that can act for the SHPO on its lands,it
SHPO/THPO and any Indian tribe or Native Indian tribes or Native Hawaiian must be consulted about undertakings on
Hawaiian organization that may attach organizations. or affecting its lands on the same basis and
religious or cultural importance to them. in addition to the SHPO.
pro,
FIVE-MINUTE LOOK SECTION IV:IMPLEMENTING THE SECTION 106 PROCFtS N-1
AT SECTION 106
•
A FIVE-MINUTE LOOK AT SECITON 106 REVIEW
About the Section 106 review process
What is Section 106 review? This term refers to the Federal review
process designed to ensure that historic properties are considered dur-
ing Federal project planning and execution. The review process is ad-
ministered by the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation,an
independent Federal agency.
Who established Section 106? The Congress did,as part of the National
Historic Preservation Act of 1966(NHPA). NHPA,strengthened and ex-
• panded by several subsequent amendments,today has become the
cornerstone of this country's historic preservation policy.
•
Why was Section 106 created? NHPA was enacted because of public con-
cern that so many of our Nation's historic resources were not receiving
adequate attention as the Government sponsored much-needed public
•
works projects. In the 1960s,Federal preservation law applied only to a
handful of nationally significant properties,and Congress recognized that
new legislation was needed to protect the many other historic properties
that were being harmed by Federal activities.
What does NEPA say? Section 106 of NHPA requires that every Federal
agency"take into account"how each of its undertakings could affect his-
toric properties. An agency must also afford the Council a reasonable op-
portunity to comment on the agency's project.
What is a Federal"undertaking"? This term includes a broad range of
Federal activities: construction,rehabilitation and repair projects,
demolition,licenses,permits,loans,loan guarantees,grants,Federal
property transfers,and many other types of Federal involvement. •
Whenever one of these activities affects a historic property,the sponsor-
ing agency is obligated to seek Council comments.
•
What is a historic property? For purposes of Section 106,any property
listed in or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places is con-
sidered historic.
The National Register is this country's basic inventory of historic resour-
ces and is maintained by the Secretary of the Interior. The list includes
buildings,structures,objects,sites,districts,and archeological resources.
The listed properties are not just of nationwide importance;most are sig-
nificant primarily at the State or local level. It is important to note that
the protections of Section 106 extend to properties that possess sig-
nificance but have not yet been listed or formally determined eligible for
listing. Even properties that have not yet been discovered(such as ar-
cheological properties),but that possess significance,are subject to Sec-
tion 106 review.
PARTICIPANT'S DESK REFERENCE
•
IV-2 SECTION IV:IMPLEMENTING THE SECTION 106 PROCESS FIVE-MINUTE LOOK
AT SECTION 106
n
..... ..................:...etc°.:�.�:.�....�..���_��,,,..
ure<7.; 1;brief lookat.Section406 reiiiew:;.;•::::;;:•;:;•:;:•::•::::•..................... : :....
<':iHo does'.:
Secfiorr.`•:•:�106;review:work?: ::;;:
....,.; ........::........................... ... ...................Sbep2;.::iisseSg,#ffeCts : :::: :::'$t 4..�octncit:�omm
• :The.StandardieDiew' ro3ivi—i:;;•• : :::::•:::a::•:•::".•:•:;•:•::::. :--...:.••••:.7..-,,...: :.:-;;:::::::::. ::::::......:: :......... . ems::::;::;;..:..::.;•
•spelle..:. ut in Federal regulations u- :▪ ::`: :if Mein....:........mitts ... -,,........e ....:•::.:. .... :.::nci-.:: � ::: e ::::::::::::::::.
::�:?(sueded...6 f 6redifyCo• iiiiii n•His- . .: ncP tes;Ahat.►s,pn�pert :•::: Th°Conn may.commerrt Bede :i4::::
Hs::::::....includedinor•.eligible:forinclusion:m::;•::::•::ste 3ofihe row b
::.'`•tone Preservation.Enti`tled Protection:::; ::: :. .' :: .. --d .-• ••.•..... P P Y P.athe r sult
cid:................ the tJa i.0 .). isfer,.arefcuitd;alie: :. : .:lrrcoro.x..ati.thetwil:st nice She result.....:::
:•�;�:otH�storii;Pro ePGes;"ihe�:r :.. .:.::::•...::::::::.:•:::•�::::•.:...,........::.:......................... .....
._ p the regulations:: :: . ... ..:• 8...::g •::, :...............
1.9!7:::.:::•:::agency fl?ec$asesses;whaf flea itsii::::;:;xi!il MOA`ioi ft iwise;ahe:a ert obc;.::• ;
;::appear,in the U.S::Code:of:Federal:•::::.:::.::.Undertalttrigwill have on`therii.•
gait}';. :aain's`Councit i omrrieiit bysubm ttin:`•::::Regulationsat36-CFR Part 800 The::.:::::::;.ttie:agencywirorks:wiffi:tiie`SHP.t}:and......:the:M.OAivttie' ..,::....lfor...n. ..:O 9.
process involves five basic.ste . .�.....::••::: ::: ::::..........................................:......:Lour:aT for reiiiew`and:::•::.
............_.....iv ........6.. :ens;.5:•:-::':•`...,66risideis:$re:vrews:oC:ott►ers::•:The :::::::aoce bi........ i:iffOpi•.. .........
.. . . . .. ptance.,;7he`Council can acre t:: :�;
en makes Its assessment:based:•:::::•:•::the:MO .tio.i1 66 : e e.
.................................................................................�.....�:............:.-.:.....-............................... A, uest.chan es- :..
.... �or-opt•to: ;;: :;;:
...... .......................... ........ .................:::::: :•::.:ortcntenafd-intfiie:Goiiii 'a�:t�:�::�:�:���:�:���:isiie.�::•:� . ..:...................:. :...... .. ........ ....
::•:•::: ........ : . . .. :: :.......•... . . . ... .......... ::.::• :: :::::::..........::i o••::::::•:. .: e at:trriromments. tzuh
Step;t,..;Identify and;evaluate:??:::::'regulations Ltd can make cite:of:; : ::::::at,on was:ier iinat .ed,tnt Council p.. .:: ,..
: : IstOrie: r0 etties::::::::•:: :.::.::::.::::::::::3hree detei.,.:.Tationit;: ::: � : . :;::•:::•::•::•:�:•:•::aues.rts:wrdten:comaie.. ..... rtts d�rectty to: :::::::
....:::::: .•::"............:..:.::::.:""thee a head as:ttie:a en ::.:hail: ;:•:;• :.
............ .......: n i : ., .-:: :.s:f�td:effecthe underta36.i . •
;•::::The.Federal agen :re ons,ble.for:art: ::•:::::: ....:...................... ........... rtgn'fl;not�:?�: :`t�.'ie'`'nested::;::�:`.�:� :`.�:'.: �::::::::::;•:::::•::�:�::•::::.:::::•::��::
:: undertaken ins.b .identi .... ;:':;::::'::affecthistoricpropevties; .....::::.:::::•::::c;•: •::•: ::•::::::::: :=::::::.:.::::._:::::::::::::.::::, .::::
. .9:� y :...: M"g the :.�: ::::•:::::: • •::•::::•::•:::;:•:::•:: : ::.�:::::•:�::•:::•:::•:::::•:�::�:•::::�•:;�::•::::::::.�:•c:�.::...:.
:' •.historic;pro erties:the and " .e... .......tee ,::::::::•:::::::::::x:::: :.,....:
.............
• -• ..,:..e ::::: ::::.�a�Io•adverse:effect::•:the:under'talon ::::��tep S. Proceed: :;;;::::::::::::;::::::•:;;•:;:;•:.:•.•:may of eP6r7::TO:doahli,the agency ::i'::•::•::P::: .iili i... :: •::•sl ::•: ;:o.r.� •:• :::::gii•i:•::•::;•i:•: ...:::::::.:::•:r.:•::::;:::th ••::::::. :
:;;:first reviiews back r . . ; :::•:•:•:• : ;willaffect one or:more histonc;::::::::.:: :::::: :;::.::.:;•::::::•::•:::::::•:•:: ::::::::•:::::.._:•:: :
....... ..::.:.:: 9 ound Informat�on.............. .......................................:.:::::.�:K.�
ro :i'ties but the-effect will not be Mds iexecuted thengency:;'::<'::::_and;consults;with:the;State:Historic :;isi::?�:•:�::p• �:: `. .:. ::: : : :::::.:::•::•::•:;::... ........ ....... r..... ,.
....Prese nsioa:Oifcer SH •::•:;•:::::::::•::•::al.armfui ::: ::::::::::::...•:::.;::. ::'::::;.::::.::•;:•:;•Prxeedswith its undertaking under .
. ... . ..... ..ffic . . ..:0}and;::•:;•::::;:•:•::::..:::::.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::•::::;•::.:: :: :::::::: ::::::::::.the.te :::.... . .:..:. ..... .
;;;::others.whoma k _ : � - .•............................. . rms:ot.the:MOA.:.:in;the:absence.;_;;;:
y. now.about historic:•:::::::: ;:;;' ;t;;::c::::::;;::::::::::::;:::::•::c:::::::•::::::::::::.::::.....:.. O•.:::..:....::.........:.....::...:.:..:::........:........
iiaie&eagiii•co nci- ... .t....... •Adverse:effectthe undertakingwilC
•;�:Propert,esmthearea :8asedon;{t►ia:�:: :::;:��::;•....:.:.�::..::.:�.,•:::::::�:•:::•.:.:•:•: ..... � •:�::•:�:;�:�`.:.
take.into;axount die•Caunc,i s written`:••review:the:agency,determines,whatad=__;:;;::;:;:harm,one:or:more historic proper-;: ;;;j::.•••••••: ...
:.:::•:. :comments n c edtiuig whether and ::::?..:"::ditional surveys.or_other:field:studies:`.::f: :::: ties::::.:........... ................ ............:::....... .
or ....... ...... .: •::: : ::: : :z how::to proceed;:: ::::::::;•:: ::::::•: .:.`::
•
�.;::may;be::needed;::and:coiidiicts such::�::••::•:::: ::::::::. ::.�.�:::::::::::::•:::::•::::: :.............:...... ...................... ...... . .............. ........:.::::.
:::•::studies;::�: :?;�::�::� �:c�:�:=:::::�: t't .. . $te ...............:.................................................:..........................::.::•::::
::•:s;:::::;;:::::. • . ::. .:::::::. :.:::::::::::::::::::::::•:::p3,Consultatio ::: ::::::. . .....a _......:.........::a •:
Alternative•a r
... .. .... . .. :: •:•-:: �_::..-::::.-::::;::�: �::::�:-.:::-:: :.:::•.-:::.-._::: ::::............... .............:............. PP.:_...ches . :.:.-::•::: :::
... ................ ............... ...............
....::rr th .
-grope es;a at:is districtssites;.:;;;:;:;:::at:an adverse effect:will oxur;the;;; :?:;;:::::;;:.•:::.:�::�.:.; :::•:�:•.. ...: .•� :• �:
buildings,structures,.or:ob'
1e .x agency consults with;the_,SHPO and .... a��on 106 regulat<ons aiso too...................?..:
pell -
iound thatmay•be eligible for in .....: ;:others ut tut effort to find wa tag ':;;:::`. ::4L tthree alternative means of comply-::::
dusronin the NationalRe•gister of H1s=::::'.'•::ainake the undertakin aess ::::•_ =': ngw on 106 These are
$.. ...artnlul
...............
:;;.::tone Places„buthave:not:yetbeen::::;:::. :::.Others who are:....... .......•u .................... ................................
:::: .....: ..........: . .._$oniutted;::under. ::•::: ::•::•:::::• : S4i:*:':"''''f:••Aiiiu:::•iii.:•i;:•:::;•::•:::�op. :::•:::
-::Included;in.the Reg e:.:o . e:agency::: ;::'various.circumstarices ma•`.include :. :.:::::'::•PrOgre 'c I reerrients among
evaluates;them a ainst:critena e -• y. •- •::::••:an agency the Council one or... 9 ... • local ovemments`:fndiantn
published:by the•NatronalPark.Ser-::`.:•:::::: ro 9 ' :::::::•::::::c::.;::::::...
more.SHl'Os,-ariiiothers : :::<;' .::.::.:� .. .•... ... . • .... . . . ...:..........p:. Per�yowners;other.membera ai::�:� �:�:�::: :::•:.�:::::::::::::::::::::.::::• .......:.:............... ..:.
•::.vice:w ich.maintainsthe::Register::: :;:::;:•::::•ahe' ubl' .::grtd: .: ......::....:::.:::::::::::.:�::: ::::::::•:::::••::�•::::::c::•:•:;: :::•:=::;.;•::::.:•:::..
......... . p the Council Cortsuit7H::.�:::•: : .t:......:if.!......iiii ................ ...: •
"" un a'•art regulations:developed
This evaluat,ort fs earned flut m con ::;: ;;;:lion fs desi ned Sito result In a Nlema- rP
suitat,on with the SHPO,and if ques randum of Agreement{MOA) wh,ctt
tiy:aiti ayenry and approved b}r the
:aions ion:with
eligibility of a.,._ ' ... ..-' :::::: ::: ::::
o[ttimes;measures:agt;i upon hat :':: :.
given;property,the.agency may seek 9 ncy:wit:taketoireduce avoid: :::::::::::::......:.::.:::.
...thee a ...
:•a formal determinationof.eli ibii� :..''' " "' ' e:An:aereementtietweerithe.Council :.:::natior....eti ....::. ::: :•°.r m00.. a.ttta•adveise effect: ..14.. ...::.' ..:
; ;:;from:the`Secre y of ttie:Intenor:.if ae;:•:::::•some:cases:h
faN . ..... .- ttie.ciitLng parties tna::•:::::::�:anda:State;....oi ti subs4tutes a
property.hasalreadybeen included in a ...........................' ` """ ' State:review mforthe stand
9asures are civet.=:;.: s
::•:::•:ardSec6on 106review process
the National Register,of• course,fur :: • abie;but that the adverse eff•ects must: ;.:;:::::::::::::;•:::::::;•:::::::•:•:::: .:•: :.:
they evaluation is not ordinarily neces ::be accepted in the public:iriterest -'
.:eer.. Sec io
y .06.review ivese uat::.... ::::.:.;:•:::�::::;:::::::::•:::c;t;t•:::::......:::::..:.::::.::.::::•:;:::::::•::�:•:::•::• •::•: -.: ::::•.:::•::::::::.::.�...-..:........ ........ .....................
°treatment:to pro erties:that:have:al=::•:: ;;:. .....:..tati.... ......:.....0 ....r.•. :.;.: :::.: •: ::: ..........•::::::•::::: :•:::::::::: ,:,:::::.::: ::.
.. ..........::...consultat,an proves.unproductve;:�::•::•::�:;�:::�::•:•:::::�:•::• :•::�:�::::;:: :::•:;� .;:::::.::::::::. - :::: :::::: •
ready been included in•the Register..:..... the....a...y orthe`SH :.::::::::: . -.. . � .:• :::•::� :::;�:; •:
... __........ .. a9-�?h!, .,PO,ortheCoun-�::•::•::::::•:�:;•:•:•::_::•:::;•:::;•::�::::c:•::;�:•:::::�:::•:::....::::
..:and those that are eligible for:in-:.::..;::::::::::::::iilitseif:ma :te 66su t �:. .:::::::•:::•:•:.:•::::::::•::•::::::::c:,.:::::•::'•::•:::::�:::•:::•:: ::..... .
. . .:•:.. .tar... _ :•:: in:;.:::::•.x::.:'i•: .r...:.:y ..1'ttllrlate.c0119ultaL.•4..•:i:•ii::•isr:•::•::4:..?iiii:�ii!.::::::::: •. -...::::....`::::.:.._.:.:::elusion:::•:::::;•:::;:::::::::;:::::..:::.:...:::..:::::::.::::::::.T
:::•:::::on :::::.::::::.::::::•::•:: •:::::•::.::::•::�:: : •::::•:he:egenoymusYsubmit:aPPropriato,....::::::::::.:::::::: •::•::•:.::.:.::::::::::::::::::::..:.:::...... ......
................:::••••................................•documentation to.the:Count and: :::::.
.................................................................. .............
::.:::. ::::. •: :. • .::::.::::•::::: :•:•.Y.•::;:::::::;•:: nest the
:::::::•::::•:•::•:i�:::::.:::::.::::::.�::•:�::::::::�::::�:•::: 4 unc�3rvrrtten�Comments:::;-:•:�:•:•::•::;;•:::•::•::;:::•:: :•::.::::::..-.•:::::•:::�:::::;;:;�::;;:;:::::: .�:::
............................................................... ........................... ..............
w.._.. _ �_.._..
INTRODUCTION TO •
FEDERAL PROJECTS AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION LAW
R 4
FIVE-MINUTE LOOK SECTION IV:IMPLEMENTING THE SECTION 106 PROCESS IV-3
AT SECTION 106
•
About the Council
What is the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation? The 19-member
Council is composed of a chairman,vice chairman,6 other private citizen
members,a governor,and a mayor—all appointed by the President of the
United States. The Council also includes the Secretaries of the Interior
and Agriculture,the heads of four Federal agencies designated by the
President,the Architect of the Capitol,the chairman of the National
Trust for Historic Preservation,and the president of the National Con-
ference of State Historic Preservation Officers. The Council members
usually meet four times during the year. Day-to-day business of the Coun-
cil involving Section 106 review is conducted by an executive director and
a professional staff of historians,architects,archeologists,planners,
lawyers,and administrative personneL
•
Section 106 participants
Who initiates Section 106 review? The Federal agency involved in the
proposed project or activity is responsible for initiating and completing
the Section 106 review process. Under certain circumstances,local
governmental bodies may act as the responsible agency. The agency
works with the State Historic Preservation Officer(an official appointed
in each State or territory to administer the national historic preservation
program)and the Council to do so. In this fact sheet,the term"agency"is
used to mean the responsible unit of government,be it Federal or local.
There can be other participants in Section 106 review as well. At times,
local governments,representatives of Indian tribes,applicants for
Federal grants,licenses or permits,and others may join in the review
process when it affects their interests or activities.
• How long does Section 106 review take? The timetable for Steps 1
through 3(identification through consultation)are up to the agency,as
the Council is not typically involved at this point. Once the agency sub-
mits a signed MOA(with needed documentation)for Council review,
that review can take up to 30 days. If there is no MOA,the agency can re-
quest issuance of Council comments within 60 days of when the Council
receives required documentation.
For more information
Where is more information available? This brief look at Section 106
review cannot tell the whole story. For complete information about the
Council's review process,consult the Council's regulations at 36 CFR
Part 800,published September 2,1986.[51 FR 31115] The Council has
available without charge an annotated version of its regulations,which
aids understanding of the regulatory language,as well as a booklet en-
titled Section 104 Step-by-Step,which provides a more detailed introduc-
tory look at the review process. A complete list of publications in the
"Working with Section 106"series is available from the Council.
PARTICIPANTS DESK REFERENCE
-
IV-4 SECTION IV:IMPLEMENTING THE SECTION 106 PROC'P S FIVE-MINUTE LOOK
AT SECTION 106
For easy-to-understand training on Section 106 review,the Council offers
a 3-day course,"Introduction to Federal Projects and Historic Preserva-
tion Law,"which is offered in many locations around the country each
year. The course is designed for the Section 106 novice and explains,
step-by-step,what actions are required by Federal,State,and local offi-
cials to meet the requirements of the law.
For more information,please write the Advisory Council on Historic
Preservation,1100 Pennsylvania Avenue,NW.,Suite 809,Washington,
DC 20004. Telephone:(202)786-0503(executive offices)and(202)786-
0505(Section 106 review and training offices).
•
Revised Apri11989
•
•
•
•
INTRODUCTION TO
FEDERAL PROJECTS AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION LAW
HANDOUT-NTHPANNUAL MEETING CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
HOW CITIZENS CAN PARTICIPATE
IN SECTION 106 REVIEW
YOUR VOICE COUNTS! Use it, through Section 106 review
This handout acquaints you with the Section 106 review process,the
Federal Government's regulatory process that helps protect historic
properties from needless harm due to Federal actions. The process is ad-
ministered by the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation,an inde-
pendent Federal agency.
Section 106 review is so named because it was established under Section
106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966(NHPA),the law
which broadly established Federal historic preservation policy.
This handout explains how you can use this law to help protect historic
properties in your community,provides you with a handy list of defini-
tions;and directs you toward other useful information and organizations.
Q&A
Q:If a federally assisted project A: Absolutely! In fact,the Section 106 review process puts ordinary
threatens a historic property in my citizens in a key position to influence decisionmakers. Opportunities for
area, is there anything I can do? vigorous public participation are built right into the process. On many oc-
casions strong local opinion about a Federal or federally assisted action
harmful to historic properties has catalyzed efforts to avoid or reduce
such harm.
Q:Will my personal opinion be A: Yes,it really will. At each step of the process,there are ways a citizen
heard? can object or question,comment,and participate. These are explained
below.
Q:When does Section 106 apply? A: Two things must be present.
First,there must be a Federal"undertaking,"or activity,as defined in the
Council's regulations(36 CFR Part 800).
An estimated 75,000 Federal activities enter the purview of Section
106 at some level each year. Some examples are transportation-related
construction,community development,and ground-disturbing activities
such as powerline installation,as well as many Federal licensing and per-
mitting activities.
Second,there must be historic properties in the area of the undertaking.
"Historic property"means any property listed in or eligible for the Na-
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HANDOUT:NTHP ANNUAL MEETING CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
Q: When should I get involved? A: Early involvement is the key to having an effective voice in the Sec-
tion 106 process. Be alert to news of planned Federal activities in your
area,and contact the responsible Federal agency and your SHPO early to
let them know you are concerned about how historic properties might be
affected.
Q: What can I expect to A:Foremost,your voice will be heard as Federal Government policy is
accomplish as a citizen par- carried out in your area. You may be able to help ensure the protection
ticipant? of historic properties that you value. Ultimately,even if you disagree with
the outcome-of.the.review process you will.understancl how and-why.. •
decisions were reached.
Q: Where can I get more informa- A: The Council publishes two brief items about Section 106 review that
Lion about Section 106? are of interest to the general reader. Both"A Five-Minute Look at Sec-
tion 106 Review,"and Section 106,Step-by-Step are available from the
Council at no charge,as is a list of State Historic Preservation Officer ad-
dresses.Technical publications and copies of the Council's regulations
are also offered,as is a formal schedule of Section 106 training courses.
Write Council headquarters for details.
Q: How much citizen participa- A: You have a responsibility to make your views known where threats to
tion is enough? historic properties are concerned. Federal agencies try to anticipate an
appropriate degree of public involvement by weighing the type and scale
of an undertaking,the historic properties it involves,and the nature of
known or expected public interests. A small-scale project located where
there are believed to be no historic properties,for example,would not be
expected to draw the same level of public interest as the projected
demolition of buildings within a historic district.
But agencies can misjudge,and it is up to the local citizens to make their
views known.
Q:What happens if an agency fails A:While Section 106 does not compel preservation solutions,it does re-
to complete the Section 106 quire Federal agencies to go through the process before approving an un-
process? dertaking. Failure to do so leaves the agency liable to litigation. Citizen
groups representing local preservation interests can sue agencies in
Federal court and,if successful,halt the action until the agency complies
with the law.
HOW CITIZENS PARTICIPATE IN SECTION 106 REVIEW
Th'-r-e are five steps in the review process,which are completed by the
Federal agency in consultation with the State Historic Preservation Of-
ficer(SHPO) and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation.
Citizens may interject their views throughout the process,as noted at the
bullets below.
When you contact government officials about an undertaking--whether
you are writing to the agency,SHPO,or Council--be sure to specify the
ADVISORY COUNCIL ON HISTORIC PRESERVATION 3
HANDOUT:NTHPANNUAL MEETING CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
sidered as a MOA is drafted.
STEP 4: When a MOA has been signed by the Council,it serves as the Council's
COUNCIL COMMENT comment. If consulting parties cannot agree(which rarely happens),con-
sultation may be terminated,and the agency may request written Council
comments directly.
a In the caseof-terminationrcitizens•may express their views on the
undertaking to the Council. The Council takes local views into ac-
__ count in formulating comments to the responsible Federal agency.
STEP 5: The agency proceeds with Its undertaking under the terms of the MOA
PROCEED, TAKING COUNCIL or,in the absence of a MOA,after giving due consideration to the
COMMENT INTO Council's written comments.
CONSIDERATION
a The agency should notify interested persons when the Section 106
review process has been completed.
■ Should the agency fail to fully complete Section 106 review or to ful-
fill the terms of the MOA,the agency may be liable for a lawsuit.
SOME SPECIAL TIPS
a Get to know your SHPO,who can be your greatest preservation
ally.
is Read the Section 106 regulations(36 CFR Part 800). They are free
from the Council.
■ Ask the responsible Federal agency for current project documenta-
tion. Be aware that,if necessary,you maybe able to obtain project in-
formation under the Freedom of Information Act.
a Determine whether you are an"interested person"qualified to join
the Section 106 consultation;if so,make a written request to the
Federal agency.
•
■ Inform your elected officials of your views on the preservation is-
sues and seek their support.
■ If you propose project alternatives during consultation,bear in
mind the Federal agency's overall objectives.
■ Mobi1i7 local support. Work with the news media to keep the com-
munity informed,to ensure attendance at public information meet-
. ings,and to report on citizens'views.
■ Know your legal rights.
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HANDOUT:NTHP ANNUAL MEETING CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
•
FOR MORE INFORMATION
The Council's professional staff conducts the agency's daily business.
Offices are located at these addresses:
Western project inquiries (only):
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation,Western Office of Project
Review,730 Simms Street,#401,Golden,CO 80401 Telephone(303)
231-5320
Headquarters:
. ._.. Advisory C nnril.on.Historic.PreservationrThe.Old Post Office Building,•
1100 Pennsylvania Avenue,NW.,#809,Washington,DC 20004.
Telephone(202)606-8503,executive offices;(202)606-8505,Section 106
review offices.
October 1992
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ADVISORY COUNCIL ON HISTORIC PRESERVATION 7