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Zoning National Reg Page Separator Reference Zoning National Reg . State H . P. Plan 96 Section 106 Ezonomics Tax INC's New Const. Box # 43 Folder # 3 Delray SO 8373 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Assessing Visual Impact of Land Use Law Dimensions The economic reasons for the The shore?These are important elle 46settlement patterns are equally clues to the nature of the ,YerMa` :4Y8)* as important as the settlement natural systems of the town s U;;P:Sigti Rte. patterns themselves. While the environment. �, original settlement pattern of cOgAt4ge4ficatioriMM leatigilveArtrUiii the town explains how the What is the character of the town develo ed, the on original public places? A green? A40 : AlIC •.. AC *- :. MI .-. . pr 4 clee 4.4 a 0 0economic interests of the town park? A waterfront? What : :: • : :.; a:: :* : ; :- : explains whythe town devel- it elements of public access are oped. Economic interests in tf, significant? Trails? Beaches? 00 New England towns include (a) Irregular clustered village mills, quarries, fishing, What are the traditional ways agriculture, and tourism. of sharing in the community? Philip Loheed suggests that Should they be accommodated (e) Hamlet :::::: :=::>:: >:::;: ;:::: ::>:: =:::::: :;:: :::::: :::;::: planning board members and preserved? iiii irii: iii i iii!.4 (f) Row village, long-lot farms :::.:_:...::.... .....::... .::::. consider the following !!!: :O.:: : : ::a. ` `: historical questions to assess What places should be the true character and origin reserved as natural habitat, h it town either managed or forever .;::::I '( :I SWIM . (b) Street village oft e - ::,��.j:,:�,.,��,�,,k,:::.:::•;.�:;:, .: .:::::: stem be wild? Should this s . . ::..: �i � -..: �� :��1::>::> ::<::>li1.: :::: :�::: continuous fromplace to y � : ::>=::> :*: ::::::: ::: : :1 :: :i::::: :t :::: : :p :<:::: What is or was the original „ � -.�.:.:.�:: :::�! ...:•:<.>:�:.:;.>:. ...<:> <�?::::-t<: ::::::<:: place? What is the "magic" > >E :: :::<:>::_:::>:::: ::::::'::: ::::a: :::<:>:;<:>:::<:I :::U::::: reason for the location of i the community? Fishin of the place. How can :: : :::: :: : : _: : :.:jo.::. : •::::t :::: :..1g. - �<: SeS164 fi4i;:ib6protected? Is it gritty? Elegant? :: .` >:: =:::>::::>I :: ::::::=:>:: :I :::>::=::;:: I :::::: Village Timber? Defense. Farming? P $z' tY g >::;I�;_. ........:.. :. >�......_.....� ........_....>� .... .... ...,.,v, Slow. Fast. :<::I::: :::::::::::::::>: ::>:::::: , ::: :: I O> ';�:;;:;�: green or Transportation. Trading• :<:: ��.,��::.:.:-:"�-:::�:.:�.:... .. .:: :.,... ......•.::.. . , - ;:.::: at? commons Manufacturing. Who were the :.::.:::•:•.::•: •. :.::::::.::::•::. ::•.• .......... •. . • . ......... Once Tannin board members ::: ::f:: :; 47,QQ"CiPw important figures in the early planning ��= have considered these factors, "i .... ..,: historyof the place, and what <:::::::::I>�;;> " ; ::::� cake .....> ::4 0t:::::::::::;::::R.st:<:::::> theyshould then decide if they ::::;:: ::::1.............:: ::::::_:: ; <:iiii> ;::<: :;: : -.i were their backgrounds. What <::: want to continue the original ..'. :: :: (c) Green village la e �:::=:::��:> # � >l< �>>�> 9 was the original "idea" of the � - community? growth and rural patterns to ;li _........�........ .........�........ . . ,. .......... maintain the traditional (g) Checkerboard village It is very rare except in modern character of their town or De 41 it:: times for a community to be revise them in order to craft 1,11 M _ ` formed without a clear idea of laws that best reflect the OP `'.`:: :i:i how it would or should look. current existing growth and What are the traditional new rural patterns. tr materials and colors used in '`` _ jjij� the community? This chapter will provide you E:. with ideas on how to match ma `' What building types are future development with the (h) Loose irregular village iiiiiri:i:tpresent? What are their sizes? character of your town. The16 -- -- Is there a significant variation ideas presented will help in size? Are they typically you visualize, with the help Property lines "streetfront"buildings, of common design tools, 40 p land use act the im "estates," or"farms"? Are your - Roads and streets the "best places" on the high regulations will have on ground? The eastern slopes? your town. N::: Farmsteads (house and buildings, farmyard garden) (d) Isolated farmsteads, unit-block farms Cropland and pasture FIGURE 30(a-h) 34 35 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Assessing Visual Impact of Land Use Law Dimensions Rural And Growth Areas Towns may use zoning laws in �,�,, an attempt to control density— i /� that is, to keep population scattered in the most rural .- areas and to allow more living SITE units and people in the settled, �� growth areas. Thinking of your town in terms of rural and }�OUSss AT growth areas helps you to > V E5 0 P- i9 E�J determine where you want to grow and how your land use regulations should be written traditions that are much older // , �N to reflect that decision. than American zoning laws. O %;��'�' au E These European traditions • • ® • • s • / /'• // a'cErs The distinction between include common settlement • ��, $ '�' dimensions for rural and patterns such as a concentric T O P S. H A M • • © ��I! 1 ''� •,/ growth areas might be based configuration, linear or grid c • .. : ;r,.;� 1 i o II4 r� attern sc atter tterpattern, •r on defined locational' and • e oc tional criteria _ .lie ,,. 1 /, • pa ttern, r 1 � 1 ■ : $`r`:+':fic'�tf:''s?'�f?'csi'`;< �°s'`�``�re`;c�'^`�':i'�7;:, / , r ll ' //A i%, /, (Figure 32 . Michael Everett water-oriented configuration • .;:_ e,:::::::; _; grrAII4 "i offers the followingtypes (Figure 30). Before drafting .• `''(AI n.:.;;;;:: ::: BorPF-R ;/i, of locale to help make this land use ordinances, look to •::.-;;; ;;:=i''0s•:i::_:,,::::.,-,, `.4, 1,-:/'ii • / distinction in your town: historical records, maps, and •:> nay RELA�"� ,�l•' Ii'I �/I • Criteria for associatingroadways to determine the ` ' _.;;;;: OP3:t-F NzEA \f// original settlement patterns— growth with alreadybuilt-up that is, h w 7v R ,1 o the town was M - o r1/ \, areas which recognize existing Rus �i• ,.�,�m � originally planned or devel- ��_•_ _�: B R u ry s w I c K TREES W , building types and lotplace- ;; }' :` '_ ... r oped. If possible, incorporate ::::;:::: ■ Dwelling 611tEg �i ment (town or village centers) i;: a � �" TISF��. /� the most relevant of these into • -4•:;:: 0 Store or Snoo eh. iii, \ .if'% 'i,. • Criteria for growth areas near the overlay map system. e mill il y// to but not actually adjacent to i= :.: :'. :`e • • • • i • l School �y ` /� �;�� town or village centers 1 ' `i; ' •• ! © Courthouse - 5�5 l� �/ / • • o ♦ Tavern • Criteria for growth areas in • FIGURE 31 J `�� , %/ rural, non-urban sectors 0% ••• . lto00�a.r 1 ♦• r. . of 31Ir ' ili .iii. lid ii: .... • sr -...:.:. --..il; a a :. .a:r A 1 sow Iota College Iii:. •: .:ait. i:y.:. .... .•:::••••• •111:i ;f *: ' • • • VILLAGE IN•BETWEEN Fz,vgZaL FIGURE 32 1802 36 33 CHAPTER THREE Assessing Visual Impact of Land Use Law Dimensions ASSESSING THE VISUAL IMPACT Sample State Dimensions OF LAND USE LAW DIMENSIONS The state manual, How to Write a Land Use Ordinance, provides a chart of sample dimensions for rural and growth areas (Figure 33). Although this chart offers a • useful format, any numbers ' used need context to help define their boundaries. On Introduction the following two pages, Steve Theodore uses the dimensions In order to assess the visual provided in the state manual to impact of land use regulations visually compare the minimum on the future of your town, lot areas, land areas, street you may want to look first DIMENSIONS Growth Dist. Rural Dist. T P H a►� frontages, and setbacks for Minimum of a re feet)* 0 5 m 1 area (square ) considerations n —how at two cons e atlo s andgrowth area rurals. w' o 000 With public sewer 1 NA P oi 1 li our town is laid out and its Withoutpublic sewer 30,000 435 600 ��``°°��'riraii:�aiiiiiii; Y , n economic historical and current first 0 Minimum we im m land areaper dwelling unit r allowsn tin numbers illustrating 4 ::':;:''it;i',`>'.`.;:`;.'+'<`. With public sewer 5,000 NA ::::::; ; ., ; : development. Accounting for you to see what the numbers withot public 20,000 a3s 600 iii::..4iii�ii`aa these two factors mayhelpyou �`�"`��"��` ` actuallylook like in both rural '' '' to designordinances that are Minimum street frontage 50 100 "``__ ::;;;;:" and growth areas and allows Minimum setbacks (feet) well suited to the nature and you to answer the following g Front setback 25 100 feel of our town. side setback l0 25 Y questions: Doyou like or q Rear setback 15 25 `:` ---— .' dislike the way these numbers i iiiiiii tii.i: i::: The settlement patterns and look? Does the proportion Maximum lot coverage (%) 25% 5% i�•'tl ' ie ii. . rural character of New England Height limits 50' 35' � ''''�.�..., g between the rural and growth :`°i" ' _ towns are based on European areas complement the character * Minimum area of a mobile home park lot shall be 6,500 square 8 R U N S W 1 C K Of tOWn? DO ou need to feet where served by a public sewer system, and 12,000 square yourY feet where served by a central on-site subsurface waste water increase or decrease any of disposal system, and 20,000 square feet with on-site subsurface wastewater disposal. 772 • these suggested numbers in relation to each other to agree NOTE: Minimum land area per dwelling unit establishes With the desires of the town? density requirements for multi-family and cluster developments. Density requirements for mobile home parks 1772 • Should you consider ranges are derived from the Mobile Home Park Law's minimum park • of numbers for specific sites area requirements. you have identified in your NOTE: Maximum lot coverage is a method of controlling the size and bulk of a building(s). Another approach is to , comprehensive planning regulate the amount of impervious surface. Impervious Pprocess? Ifyour community surface relates to all impervious surfaces such as `J buildings, roads, parking areas, and patios that increase is characterized by diverse stormwater runoff and can lead to adverse environmental impacts. land use patterns, how will FIGURE 29 dimensions reinforce this N Maps of Brunswick and Topsham, pattern if that is desired? 1780 and 1802. • (Based on maps from "The Origins of the New England Village"by Joseph Wood FIGURE 33 0.25 male (Ph.D. dissertation, Pennsylvania State University, 1978]) 1780 32 37 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Design Tools MINIMUM LOT AREA bPs« v mil A video can be prepared and I Q�04., _, 4fo 0.. S( 10 Acq*c 2 400,eeo SF used much like a photograph— . T to orient a viewer to the c_ '�•' physical layout of a site. A s•_ i ' synthesized imagevideocan,s•,S+,°•• be prepared through computer :41/4,,,, software imagery, similar to �"' �°—' the computer model process, Ari to show how a project would fit into the existing landscape. rr—. t I /4/ ridrid 4 i >'"•; SE w e1.4°Vil - .. , ,..... • ley.u 7 SFik!Pi,' floorno.S F .0 tI: 4r< ,:.• ;�\AGROWTH RURAL ? -f t4-YA : '�/ ,�i FIGURE 34 DISTRICT DISTRICT , : =t•� 4 { .. t l w -:', tf* s 4 MINIMUM STREET FRONTAGE .---_—r-- . �...s -(,,.,P FIGURE 28 • j '1� .' :. '-., r • ), '1 • li, a,- i `a ' .# .S . illin —.--, I\ J_LLJ . fkx 1. L t �1 _ P a t \ N TV` s# ., ✓ GROWTH RURAL 1 milli m i e' .. FIGURE 35 DISTRICT DISTRICT 38 31 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Assessing Visual Impact of Land Use Law Dimensions 0 o An overlay is a series of maps MINIMUM LAND AREA I D.U. __ __ drawn to the same scale on see . . - 1- __ _ . , —..J. - through paper or acetate that are l� �I � used together to show different ' resources. This information can j include aquifers, wetlands, 1 i�r animal habitats, historic sites,etc. Overlays are used to orient Ard .. ' 11141,11 • decision makers to the physical _•_,._-„�^•. placement of the proposed development. -'—TT" SASE MAP OF TOWN rjr ' ' ro( / , i I SEWS 0 0 0 0 0 0 rir /: 5;..o S.F. IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII�� ' ///////r,.-.. BE i .— _.. 11111111 p v 611E ////1I '�Il S la r Arivj _ � �I�I 4000.o s.F 20i.0o 5.r. L_ 2.. _ .'\. % L.. Ihllliiu► I;iIIIiI RURAL GROWTH ' •. �• DISTRICT DISTRICT FIGURE 36 MAP OF WETLANDi ON OVERLAY MAP OF 5TEEP 51.O1t5 ON OVERLAY MAP OF FARMLANDS ON OVERAY t ;?-7-7--J _ MINIMUM SETBACKS lwistK, 2S —" m O ' 1 ////'��a la ::: ' i -i l BASE MAP Wtfl4 oVenAY5 A V' FIGURE 270 J. I 1 I RURAL GROWTH DISTRICT DISTRICT FIGURE 37 30 39 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Design Tools Overlay maps usually depict A schematic is a general term ' ` .; identified existing resources. for a designer's sketch, that Vitt�Once these are prepared, an may be drawn in perspective _ '� • 0 .�' ' Co AIIladditional set of overlays with or plan, to give the viewer a \; �'1! 4 p dimensional alternatives for lot very general idea of a design \ ` n `S • ID t S TK 1 CT sizes, frontages and setbacks concept. It is often used to \ !Irscould be prepared. This is one present estimates of density or I � n k c h-. ° ° aid to understanding and square footage. A schematic is III - -� craftingappropriate local usuallypresented to officials a t.. • 4. 17+ dimensional standards for as 4 before the designer and the ��!• u ii% I. I� many different zones or areas client have enough information ;��0et; q �k ■ �� ( defined by the community to produce maps, plans, or t7Ucfltl(a \ Po-4-r/ _ plan as desirable. To make the elevations. NoVS C S �, iF1GR� D • A L o N C� DEniSr(y� 14111-DN exercise meaningful, property (-* '- '..-'''''... boundaries (with ownersoQ� CogAfteAINED identified) and the local and"" state road system should also FIGURE 25 VASE MAP of TOWN be included. 0 0 0 0 0 0 \\ I / �\ I i I. . • , �' l• * ••" ■ t • ■ •Il ■ ■• " I " " " .,." 1117■ " • , • I I I> "P. !� 1 us II RIM MU lir a" I "'I/• I a ■ ■ " : I•a : ®* t I • I• I®• 1 I I� 't 1' / j I . T • • iiii ..... _. ._ ..... il a L'1›:.'..i .. Ilk . • .. illr g: ; . -. . • - .____.____.. ... /k \ — i I Or....... 1----I 401.4:411141.., / --.: -- : OVERLAY OF AL•rERNAT1vE 'A' OVERLAY OF ALTERNATIVE'S' OVERLAY OF ALTerzrIATIVE 'G' l\ �i _I / 1 I Sta+iaSten Carwelnasne Ran Udall D..•Iw,.nt Self Sa:von Ca�h erene R 0.an �'" Wad . ......t Slyer 1 I 1 1 1 e..e...n.Or.h•,.+eae.. nnanaa I I � 1 1 1 .P ,� 1 d e A triptych (trip-tic) shows -• \`\ P�� PQ ��_q�,P-�- Q • P�,C4.-C Q three views of a site. It may _P �P �P vP�� show existing conditions, what -�.-- development the current land ,r.- 1 - use laws permit, and a -� '�. _ --'41"-- development the designer is - )\ 1 FIGURE 38 recommending. Triptychs may `_ ' N . be used in cases where a :.a.rt ,.w '\ ,.— ��y�s designer wants to present a „. E !' , /-1�r project according to current —� >°"'-r+. .. : Atil . ' zoning standards and also to ( show how a variance would '` Sa+intm Carorehenairo Ran Ward Dewbpnent 5ed/ result in a better development o_ y _.. —ta...,....,., for the town. FIGURE 26 40 29 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Assessing Visual Impact of Land Use Law Dimensions as.�- - _ ioo 1 ,� Stating the intent of a land use (01 ,� - ,,,s . regulation and testing it by 1 r, 0 O' r ,' 3 .` - illustration will serve to inform Z- i 1 MaK/mu«/oF cor e t _y both the policy makers and the a T,-;�,!to I ` t,... marketplace about how a _ community wants to grow and O !�_�, = j i_m• I ; can grow appropriately. The4 = 2 -r; �- �1z•'., a The uwbinofiu q� fha cil,V;fxol- 4 i a a. _ l • _ _.. - illustration in Figure 39 shows ', I j `'� 'g f""c .t�, ir. .m. " '' one ossible confi ation of 2.'7 6f e/of . ., " P 5% maximum lot coverage of a " _ � ,s =;� �, 011 it '• - ten-acre rural lot. This drawing13 =-_-_.i t � ' . _ re-emphasizes the point of I _-- �K' . 0~: `' . = , _ . �" 0 how frontage and setback 11: -ea u ' dimensions are as important i I = � ,L oisc7 . I as lot size in how development _ ._ kiik :� will be viewed along rural I = 4 �c i I ' ... ih -. " ,;, roads. When drawing contrasts ''' between rural and growth I - J �� . I f i areas, scale can sometimes be i —? , _ ° '-_ z ; - , `°A. - . a problem. Note the illustrator's - i ' _�. '", , ', `` reference to her inability to N �= s �, - 4 + i depict the full view of the rural 4 I_ l =� '. ��+! - �"� IP ��;' -'R drawing by using a break - -p1: -.` 4_,At-tF ":.' ,.. a ._ K 1 -, nt- 'i - y ..'3 - symbol. —1/--� 3 -4 -_-=--- FIGURE 24 o - j ' For a more realistic image, the Loheed suggests that the b i -1 combined photograph and easiest way for people to wire frame construction are visualise what something will ; =' transferred to other design look like in their town is to 1 r • -, 1 software, in this case Image visit other places that have the Studio, a digital illustration desired characteristics. Using e I ' i program run on the Macintosh an overlay, to scale, of the - :1, i--- -I ' computer. The photograph is desired plan in their own town -- ' -- 1 FIGURE 39 then rendered, pixel by pixel to provides a way of testing create a realistic shaded gray several alternate "dimensional image of the proposed design systems"in a rapid, under- r J ! changes (Figure 24). This standable way. „ L- ' ' program is limited to black- "1 i 1 i # . and-white reproduction. Other ,— i� - software programs are capable ism - Q of full color reproductions. ' � ' E WO #.1 Maxi.wn lote6ww a1 The ia.li�.h:«of --- eel s6 1.�(ie Z,soa.f The the bwldu Lt^'I -- uNFt aAcwn.s av.f 9/.rs-tit. Id- air ,?; 220.f.of/oteowlye bP2WTN DI57fz/C7 28 41 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Design Tools Street Frontages _ •, ,l, 1. t 1 !`: 1_ Y Steven Moore s diagram of k. ? M-'rL AEI temir /44),, r School Street in Brunswick, _31►•�� tl 00 fir ` AM 1 � ,Maine, shows the measure- �`` �� # '' d ,,,,i;;,, ments of actual street frontages •t,�t �.-kitr __i II 17_ 4�;,1.�•, �i max..and the arran ements of theral i` .kr I��' �� ' t l �"`� 4,Tstructures, walls, and ve etation N p 1,` f FI'� \\ m e. 'tr V•r,i 1, ,k `,f►' � .e�`ir g \, -''�-�. A ' . �� V • `,L 0 -44V7 =1 Li 11 that create the space. `� ''� 1, 01 ti►'•�� '�.,, rum"— m,�.• *No�1 ro .,.,Ire The variety of street frontages ` 1ti NI i t`., �°• .A �,• �. j' r�. ire' + + m Moore s Illustration Is —' _�'�� . ,�� '► I � ;A lil ,� — noticeable. Without incentives ` r% I iz 1;1'1t'ilr0"/".4`_ r+ 1 i',_,�Q or mandate, economics usually _ . ► AO �� bate ` —i dictate that a developer will _. `. i ri01 I, I•_:..'� — I 071 not vary from the minimum — 1 ` .`: `— ^ `�' o°°A `V,n. ° per dwelling specified by the :•� ,;�!r=� t�� tic f o ° 0 00 �' 1% town. Research suggests that 1 a \\___.�, 14 �rkillrA 441 1 o dt�;,a community might consider , 1 �� yi D i.\,O� `r� �iu�a'�� ,, E and maximum �� 1,,,„ = I �T �"� ��'� minimum �� A dimensions for frontages, as ,� \(gip •r� 1.�� well as setbacks and lot sizes, .kr "o" - w 1 to provide variety and diversity 1 in communities with these ��--__,,, historic patterns. Maximum FIGURE 22 rather than minimum setbacks, for example, in designated �� growth areas may be important % ....... „,..\„. , I i)i li---'-'N if a communitydecides to ` ► ,r �'�{ Hilt, +r lilt i Ir.ill sr,4; � t create civic space in proportion 1 W $ Y� , • ,.1/ r,1 ►.. � '' viA ,r; '' , to human scale. IA,�_ �l �,.t, ,t10(_h ', I ----. 4,4 \ t M4- A.L19�91. :milli 118 iii p, ,.,'.. It ' . - ' Ls: C it Et wiNflati III ,...tv,,mr-,...„,„4,,,Lii '.....,._ , iii 'Wip I /I 4tibirlillikase3rakpip " r ' urt..u•-,-.--.. '+-.?•""'-'11.-4., .0 tyllikt1SWP kt..; '‘, ,„,joir,,4 .-- --.,,A. per _�,11''' ,,,p ,.Nt .„Fe ,i ,, kei ` 1�" ,,...._.., t .v., rity . --/-i-- ii ,;(p. .....- rirp, .06fleigik -*______ , ___:_...._ FIGURE 40 �T� },b /'L' 1110 , ,f r` �'s / ,-1 1A VEYC PLeASMIT STKEET l^a Df� t,1SWICY,n/ViWE. KOvSE� AKS ncC �A��,��_>. NIk i Ilt+t ':� +76En1E�A�-Y lNNo PntD 1T1R» SZ�Y V1ms�FRr�E bJ1(AWbS C0N15iR\1CIF3) '4Y .`�—._� , � � -4•`_,:�� ,"t � • p.17",:h, ' �i�� EE.r' iEEM I670 Ar1fl l' 4O• 1'`PPROxIMATECf H+1LF• Zt\E l'Kb 'E£:11�..5 CVNIE 'it1174(4,14 v ". A , I y ► IZ5 -EiJ SUIEsDh111:M tr VT MOLL\- MAT1l.Y �Fs\Till..U1,1\-fS Y1E.l..OIN6 ' , l t V ��- �� t y! �'`'�,.. Al i ce^ y/,`/W'c��nr,a t' DEI lS1T'' of APPR07 . 20-25 P£RSorAS/ACtz. ON-517CeET PAtV,WCm 1S ,a - 'L' �/ ' �N '� �'� \��t�� • �� occAS 10"1ALt-N A rRODLENA, AS 1J SNov-1 rfkeMOyVIL.. HOv.IEVEIt, THE ^,� �r J' 4. "' �'. Sc1iLE CSF�T}E ST1C>=ET 15 DEL111TFJt_. `N ..�-.I = • L ^ �J _.---r\_ FIGURE 23 42 27 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Assessing Visual Impact of Land Use Law Dimensions 58 -5 Si AYF�AC E. O1M.D>=TV•1 . M FACADES The elements of the proposed design and some existing ANEVitzi F NIT rcTOAc.K structures are drafted in computer software, such as AutoCad, a two- and three- r- 10 a ,.... dimensional computer drawing , ,. program. From this data, three- I I dimensional views are created to match the location, angle of 3 u - view and lens focal length for w ` "J 'n ° each photograph. The wire frame image illustrates the extent and forms of the - 0-»- -----, proposed design elements (Figure 21). -> 17 ) T c _2\ W, —,-- -r- k The wire frame construction �/ D - is then matched exactly to /� the photograph and the two i r r�' d_ are enlarged to the desired ��'" presentation format (Figure 22). cr >--. _1 -'N LA A freehand tracing is made of N L Er:g t 1 -,-N- the sandwiched image and `'f ; Q i u appropriate shading and color I a 1 e are added. The product is a ----- ----� 1 `T- I N SI simple but highly accurate and I — j a readable illustration. Both color i) 3 I 5.//1111111X 7:( i7 and black-and-white images L f C are possible (Figure 23). _ 1_J u - N. N 6- -r1 N I_.. J g FIGURE 21 / - n T r ,F F Ii /\ Te :11 - ...A._-�C _ J ) I to ►�5. - ' ! illAr , -1„ •- 6- . �445�144� DEAR-5ETeaACK ' .. '4411bit �-� — N _ - - _ fit- -r -- ----tRO S$.V(L1i3E -----FENCE ` 90-0" 5''y51 18' a S' 9 5' 1 0 �o s �� R = i o gF StN6LE FAMIt_'( MF = MALT%- FAMILY 26 43 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Design Tools In addition to the concept of . A computer model is intended flexibility in frontages and lot to present the same three- sizes, Everett also suggests that dimensional representation setback requirements could of a project as a model. While reflect the following: it can be less expensive than • Prevailing standard if older constructing a model, the neighboring structures detailed measurements required keep the cost rela- • Sufficient depth to retain an adequate buffer lively high and the technology q is not as readily appreciated • • Pattern which recognizes the and recognizable as a physical closer-to-the-road placement of scale model. historic dwellings and, there- fore, sets new structures well While technique may vary back so the roadscape is somewhat, in general, existing dominated by older structures conditions are photographed using a 35mm camera and • .. • 50mm lens (Figure 20). The �:" :*.. location and orientation of each photograph is determined :� ' and located on a plan of the • ' ::• • area. Many photographs are Z.,4--- .•-•. -:•#••• . . ;` '• •: taken from pertinent vantage � • • . •• ••• points, and sometimes weather ' •' balloons or flags are set to _ mark the outline of proposed • ■•. 3., -� ...• structures. FIGURE 20 a E7(ls?►Nb eUILDINc.S EXISTt;1c,$UItAINGs•.: # - •• zi..•.!.. y s . . . ..sue - _ ■ . '. ter' • L . , AA , AI LOWS SETBACK SETBACK ��,.,� '� •`" !�'i •! ' _ OLDER WIIDIN(�i :'� MAINTAINS • _ MAlNTA1N9 .:•ava <, ']!* `� ` • • :;,...17,,,,, '>o DOM►NR(E SUFFEK ttZEEC WALI __ + M Ilk � � 3iii.H.....b.„ i:... .. ❑N6W VUILDINC�i •�'; ❑NEW i3LDC�i• T• • QNEW F.�JILDINf�i �'• ;�- � •�`, � � - t` �-- i:.+ i� y ,. is m ��-d�� : r FIGURE 41 .. "�,• "'".; �i' �' VA .sad ••., ♦, K y' r 'j -tie ��.. r .. 44. 25 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Assessing Visual Impact of Land Use law Dimensions 127SSISL E An ideogram is a cartoon-like Ratio Of Height To Setback NDUSE • ;I► T sketch, that may be drawn in SlT1NGS , ~-� plan or perspective, to give the A proportion developed in the lq - viewer a very general idea of a Renaissance still influences the waywe feel about civic, public u �A :� design concept. An ideogram • is often presented to show space. That ratio, 1:6, means $A ,� that for every foot of a , Y+ ' Y information in anon-technical, building's height, there should L�AcJ 1 h( • r but easily understood way. be no more than six feet of +►\j These are drawn by anyone r c7 f!t V I f7(Met I ";,•� =-: in the process in order to space in front of it. In fact, less LAND 'yw ; , communicate a visual idea. space m front can be preferable. European villages—the source • for most New England settle- ment patterns—often exhibit this ratio range, which is ''''''ti,..1 lit �� experienced as pleasing space. "s. lir i >1 Vk w iil :i`r,iF� .Tli_ ttit Lry, '4 /�•riiiiiiij % • ;47 rr'til`� 00 !/ /Alas/ II \A\\ \� j Alp, V7flflYt3Vf s� l� �� WALLS �L1CviE RENAl5SANC6 FR,s OP•notts I:6 REt1AlS5ANGE MDR:2T(Oti5 M/M.IMES ,—14 FIGURE 18 , I°1 28 "Pa^ __ i'' • • • A model is a three-dimensional _.�_ _ . . . representation of a project. In VILLAGE SCALE coNe. roszr) 1:5 VILLAGE SGALE(wat MATURE.'TREES) I:34 E general, models are used in large-scale or costly projects. 1ob' lk---6,o' )l Because space is three dimen- _ 2 ' 42` .� sional, models offer the best _�- • LI `• -• , ..,:it- �aa�� visual representation of a • '.` '4'' !'�i -"* site. An important trend in - L,.:A• �" ~~- ~ planning is for towns to model VILLAGE SCALE.(-two5ToRY) 1:a VILLAGE SCALE (wrnl TREE-) I:2 . key existing land areas. When 135` LY _` N.- " new major development or 29' x 53`_—_� �s` p t. - - ',,� road expansions are proposed, these are done to the townA:' •• ' C • model's scale and inserted for '1—t=0:':1y • r: a Q ` ue \=i=t= + ; +� - review into this base model. 5Ut3Ufeat� �JCALE 1:9 SUSURSAN SCALE• = � � � .�" 4 w - WITH-mug('"�iZF.ES) I:ri �" .wC ., For more information on models, see Appendix A, How to Build a Model. FIGURE 42 FIGURE 19 24 45 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Design Tools Andres Duany, a designer An axonometric is a bird's-eye who is a proponent of neo- view of a three-dimensional traditional town planning, drawing. This view is used suggests that a streetscape to present the overall size with a height proportion (massing and bulk) of a greater than 1:6 can be made structure. This is a technical 11111 pleasant by lining both sides of design tool that is not oftenAir ,i the street with trees. The trees used in presentations. The °02 no then create the boundary for a human eye sees in perspective N. pleasing proportion. In some while an axonometric shows lezo-1835 A� New England village streets true dimensional mass. An with two-story houses, 10-ft axonometric tends to show setbacks, and 18-ft-wide more than a perspective and streets, the smaller proportion in that way presents more this creates produces an information to the viewer. intimate village feeling, with It tends to be time consuming or without tree lines, that is to calculate and therefore ° 1 n � 'v_ scaled to the pedestrian's more expensive to produce. °p ;r benefit. no,°o;�;' 14 1835-1880 -- 54, •' �r ' 1ILLAG , Z - Rr,- /_ _11111W# 4--pe---3.• F.7j.02.44VZ.J _i--:74-- •*,7:-----E- .---4!13 I 1141411,_ Irk— ..-\ s„,z! 1lp��np A,1 �_ 1880-1690 \ <- Sv8b141 SKI N iF; �.,, • -,12-'• P \\\� ... .,.. '`" / 111111(rhi, �/ f ; FIGURE 17 Nevers-Bennett Farm, p � jr � .� wbuilding development, 1820-1980, !4 IIIIIII,. axonometrics. it LP 4 I. _"� e _ .ii . • 3R+� - IIITftit11 _ �� < 13D > rid_ 1890—1980 ��- FIGURE 43 1:__________*`...46 23 The Hidden Design In land Use Ordinances Assessing Visual Impact of Land Use Law Dimensions :t'! - ;. , . ;- •: Aerial photography can show Lot Size _ how a plan, diagram and map Everett suggests that minimum ydi - -, relate to a site, if reference .,.- - lot size should reflect existing " d: �, , . points, such as landmarks lot sizes within each jurisdiction _ a, r ' _t. ' , and lot lines, are shown and and should acknowledge measured preferably in similar g �+w ' ' existing boundaries as a means . .. s_' `` , - ' scale (overhead view shown of integrating the new with the left). An aerialphotograph can �• ;4 -t ` old. Also, minimum lot sizes . �+ , ., r alsopresent such information + should avoid creation of _ I it , ir j F, as surface drainage, wildlife patterns, arable land sun excessive fallow backlands at the rear of each lot and within 1`_ • ii I I . . I.`ter'-_:_: 1 �' orientation, wind protection, "Rural Superblocks' Jo �--- : .,. ... ......_._... .:....,,g.- ..�.;-.• ,".._ - and high vs. low ground j ,-� �� -- (oblique view shown below). He states that there is a FIGURE 16a tendency to unintentionally encourage suburban siting everywhere. This issue should be addressed and specific ideas entertained, such as: IYX!`a71 NQ ' • Avoidance of mid-field siting, Fisws_af� �f _ „� encourage edge of field for i , ` e• ',- *` _ several reasons—preserves k • • Y 4 •W+M field as far-like in appearance r _ z 4 ` 1 `,rt , 'c,sori � -? and retains some farm use , potential., , . . ... . . ;�, ._.* � . ` ,. x • • Avoidance of minimum1..............i) y y i e.' s. W S ,. dk, '' ' fie • " =, a „1 x ., clearing in the woods as a4 � • S -.44,ry *: - N ' _,:_ development pattern along } r"r } ja ` '• rural roads. Require a 50-100' ,® planted buffer and clearance of sufficient land for good solar > .:; Mon , access to building LDT AFPA i 1 =r �, ;� � Vir � = ..� Y ,, _ Lot configurations shall, as far ,..7... ' as is possible, respect and gt :- retain all stone walls, laneways, -� � �4 - "`*` ii iir r : ., fields, etc.: provisions should be made for adjustment of AD Ju gr =.j r - ,� . . individual lots within overall F ,F," = ate, , �p Y~-� `' ' aggregate compliance with lot Li D I M N510NS . + , size requirements. Familiar to r �" :::: „.'ll '-' '. ' most people in rural communi- -'4 4: µ. "... ��' . !� ties which have experimented 'S��G s� F > .: ` :-,,,- ` •`,'. ,,, -- ` with large lot zoning is that g0(�N'�AR.I S -. :�, W..... as " ` without careful consideration of other dimensional and FIGURE 16b design elements, it does not protect visual rural character. FIGURE 44 22 47 Design Tools The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Large lot zoning is used Through the recent develop- primarily to address lower ment of photo imaging, a rural population density photograph can be changed to but is not necessary, with present a different image. For appropriate dimension and instance, a developer could siting guidelines, to maintain take a photograph of a site and visual rural character. alter the photo to show how ' her proposed building would Figure 45 shows where there fit into the landscape. are lots allowed flexibility in , size as long as the subdivision Since the development and has the required overall square broad distribution of photo- T O W N ROAD footage of a five lot sub- altering computer software, division. photos can now be easily manipulated to show realistic alternatives for a site or street- L A N E scape. A photo, manipulated .*------� in this way, should always PROPERTY LINE OF ORIGINAL LAND be labelled as an edited / / . !—.�� photograph. " - LOT t / C , LOT 2 FIGURE 15 Nevers-Bennett Farm, Sweden, Maine i ,,A.1,-, ,::::i.7..,,--: trot,-..y> fif- ..,-. -=-; '_ - access to lot 2 � z- _� ;r n LOT 3 lil‘ WOODS EDGE FORMS �. ,` I ,. 1' rt �r QIllpi Ril 1 Ik TREEROW IDS ``4 •, f irs� 4` . ,! FIELD EDGE c BOUNDARY /� '-� /; � � ,_ Iok `� �j j r 7.`» t s6s DOS _ Tni �� NINIUSIIIMAIIINIIII Is i f �u t s .met .tom 21* CCU fi5 i Y WWII"! a ._ £ -+i. 4 s-kL' {' ry Ni.„ ,. r1 ..' Cyr 1 _ , ,slA ' it .. j FIGURE 45 48 21 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Assessing Visual Impact of Land Use Law Dimensions A perspective presents the Parking • Prohibit access drives to intersection of two facades Writing parking ordinances Pa' g from any right-of-way from a fixed point, commonly having a design speed in is often a difficult exercise, at pedestrian level. Like an excess of 35 mph. (Consider elevation, it is primarily used especially in a rural, historic limiting the number and type situation. In commercial to produce a positive emotional growth areas, parking is of access points if state response in the viewer. highway rules control in traditionally placed in the front Perspectives are among the setback area and is a powerful the short term.) less informative design tools, visual element of strip devel- • Where appropriate to the but are frequently used in - opment. Loheed suggests that image of the street, require presentations. It is less infor- creativity in planning for buildings to be built at the mative because it shows only parking should be encouraged street line (or prevailing one view from a fixed point. It in every possible way and setback dimension), forcing is more comforting to look at offers the following techniques parking to side or rear yard than a plan because it is as to prevent it from dominating locations. familiar as the views we see the streetscape: in a painting or photograph. _ • Limit front yard coverage by i:• Photographs are primarily drives and parking to 50% or / : Y� � � }� used to orient a viewer to the less. //��/ .. physical layout of a site as well • Require a special permit for /%///'% 50°6 as reveal depth through light (•:'• v./ /� p gany paved area exceeding 60' ,;...•, • / CCNEKA(,E FIGURE 14 Nevers-Bennett Farm, Sweden, Maine and shadow •• in width. � , . ;' • Establish a town Street Tree :, •_ _• _ ►� ;„�,Vitt, r Program and require trees to k1/4TIP1��Nig117/ �/ be planted along all streets; orC.. • •• ��///.: . require a natural buffer of trees L �/7 I' A•._: \`� 1�AV 4.it 1 /�; �� to be retained. %4Jf %/ 8c�6 �� .� � !�� ,�:.�� , • Establish a maximum curb �: %1� ' 044 /' N Ok ``� i4% i ��,04/ ; _ _ evenonisgusste:I \ P ' ligf j N The speed of the adjacent \\\��`` _ __� _ ;i= c, = — /// Iwo , �, - Afa _ _ roadway is affected by curb • +.r�``� �� L�•�' `� _ i: v — cut dimensions. `:�//• • .e\ ' We I-T1j \� \\\\ Encourage or require parking • f. _ • �.��\�� •°'' � � alternatives to impervious ��,�/�/%��AA COVERMe aid "` r WI. ' \\\\ _ ��\� �� materials m total or paving ,._;�,_' c -■j:__.,..:::■., .�-- e..siui samiiii :::::� '— t , r n art. • • �� ,• - _ y , • Establish minimum lot sizes ,. • • //� Z./ . - 4. I --- _______ ��11i1�111i - , i �� for commercial or other • mmudivi 1.1i parking intensive uses that :/// piNlw■1W�11 :r..__ I:.• : won initnilii allow generous landscape � �e� g P 1 I II I to be retained. • ; /// //// d% Np �WI I, II l it Illll 1111 FIGURE 46 20 49 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Design Tools 501-801 Vegetation Maps are used to orient and inform about distances. Maps A Nancy Barba suggests that an are among the most commonly effective tool for mandating land use ordinances that used visual tools. They can preserve• the character and also be used to show the 12 location of resources, such as growth patterns in your town aquifers, wetlands, animal is to specify the dimensions for habitats, etc. They can be used vegetation. Zoning ordinances as the start for town design but always regulate buildings and not in lieu of two- and three- lot sizes and often regulate the dimensional visual tools. *S`' fences that complement them. .�; t' But, land use ordinances rarely r ,� "n /• ,J� mention specific vegetative .t, �, 7 r ; g �• 1�., A � T ,��? 3 landscape standards. You mayv� w x` 'i ``�v v''`- ti %/ r. 1x , ' ` '> � s t �. /tCwant to consider includinga X�, � a '1 r"< 7_ 1 � , *":k :; �,,Z" section for landscape when k� 'Q°`K �` ` ' �� J ' ' 'C < , ," t .. �n nx' ` l I\ \ i i�r . . \ - 8 / r Y •4 , .- . t s c" 1 . h drafting your land use � - , 7,-�f�` 5 �i �r�, 1 / r `_°, . Q ...,�. ... - ordinances because of the " f _ + ` ; *', '' r> 4 0� dv' �i0a ill e. fii" ..) dramatic effect vegetation and ` \ \� ', _ = ,~- tom. E.� 'l 24 z''_j, , fencinghave on the areas and \s',�x �� - • ` -- �., ' ` ' ` teelli4c1r ��• ~a� F ivy buildings they surround. �- N \ti `� �� ,�:;; J _ 7� ,. _ 4 n J � ' ' t o ti lit \ -., ,' \. e s.� } ,\�•. _ .iI' ��. 14�� - - rti.t V d<.-e - • tititi( P °7:. "1 ose,n f l s • 1, v. `t Road Patterns ; , ` i - _ ., r \� -, _ r-- i _ �;+ 1. 5 - Understanding the road ` �� .� R 0 ':C K P 0 R ✓� .(�a s di\' \ A, 3 ^► 4' patterns in your town also ;( i, • ,,� helps you to distinguish , : �. ti _ between rural and growth =' o 1! ~ r 4-fo 24=30"C.t,IPf.R areas before drafting your fi ' `e' 3 .r Re.t R k;rt:; V ''ems land use ordinances. Loheed ' ' ATTAR Al- •(�{PICDyL suggests that since all %% �r ` t > x, RA TI & IOYEA 5 MATthcV1 �� significant uses are accessed `-,7 c, i -,-----. - ` ` - --- �,j 3,, +•�{ Vl,l P x\ '( 1 ' _ t•_ �. .i Roek P" i ` by roadways, the town's image �i/�- )r%�v- ( L� • �, �� and the efficiency of the town .` �\-� Aar6or • in serving the needs of its 1 %' ', " g' ` � :•; y,` CALIPER . citizens is controlled by the / , -P,,, -,w a ' C D1AM6'1E►Z of design of these roads. Loheed \ %� • 5' _f \'i w , 1 ' `' ;`�. TREe Z i CALIPER' writes "Most rural towns have /�. ' \ r' `', 1; ,, �,T; /./; r / ' ' ‘ ;'' S �r-7, �, {r �„� -,,,a �.:✓ /; (' 1 , , ./r,/i. ter .! MEASURE HERE a de facto hierarchy of ways. ,�. FOIE 'TREES Some of these will have evolved FIGURE 13 OVEK 4 CALIPER into high-speed roads (high- UNDER q�GAL11R I ways) in a gradual way, I2" causing serious conflict with fig, their function as access 1 ,_.._._._aL__....slam., !._,��.,t,,,,,.,.1., (streets) to uses along them. FIGURE 47 50 19 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Assessing Visual Impact of Land Use Law Dimensions A section or cross section is No roadway with a design Q / / similar to an elevation, but speed greater than 35 mph \ / / it is, as the term implies, a should be permitted the status \ / / view of inside something. of'street,' due to the conflicting \ / Sometimes the section reveals requirements of the process. \ o�y1De / an interior space. In this illus- Creation of a growth district, ) tration, it reveals something therefore, really means / . /G/41, about slope and scale in .41 creating new streets or ( \ )"�51 conjunction with the plan redeveloping the old one:' _ } '� of a site. \ // \/ \ \ . Understanding the design \ .` i c;Ir), �# 1 ,\''( impact of streets includes 9C�TIOI�t _ I knowing the measurement of ,� / / /A > N. I ; the curb radii. A typical village street's curb radius may be only / / __,,/ , I 1 I I three feet. Some modern curb �•�--, / / �� 1 1 1 1 radius standards are as much o // / 1 as 25 feet or more. Even if the _ '� / •__ .,,,,,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,,/,,,,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,,,,,,, ..,,,,,,,,,,_.. street width doesn't change, if (a- t CROPS MOWING PASTURE WOODS the curb radii are increased, a w q< ^— s CST • - traffic design feature to allow �— /// C'o<< `QF7, vehicles to move more quickly = /� EcroR �• through a turn, the functional = /��' / S7- �AN width of the street does / / „o Er ` change from a pedestrian's / / annimsme `,-J°°° point of view. / / _c ' ROAD �-- HOUSE GO W P TN / / l,� 4"' V r ' d,,,.,,,,,,,,,.,,. t y y Everett suggests that roads , within subdivisions should not / h7.313 � ' �'' a nbe to highway standards, but // ,�� _should meet the standards of ,�� — i GROpS MOWING PASTURE local existing residential area y � B roads. Lanes, rather than I i III/0,,,iii„i I/a„//,/,//I,iN,/%,,,,,.,,, I//,,,,/,.,.,,,,,,//,i,,e,..,,.,.,,,,,., highways, can service a limited EFFECTIVE W19(}I FIGURE 12 A plan presents the details of a number of units in any planned OF CURB cur ' project from a bird's-eye view, open space, conservation, or raCUi �w N cur looking at a flat world. Plans farm retention development. S.mlUs FIGURE 48 can be used to show a sub- i II 1� division development (a site I� li plan), or the layout of a single SIDEWALK oRlvl WaY SIDeWA1.1‹. structure. Plans are often used as an aid in negotiating the permitted density of a project t ofFc RB cwi T > or development. Plans are SFEGIFIE2 WWTh among the most commonly f- OF CUR cut used design tools. It is difficult Io'stows to understand plans on a —� )(7------- - human scale because we never experience space this way veyvALK DRIVEWAY SIDEWALK except in airplanes. 18 51 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances CHAPTER TWO Illustrated triptychs may be Introduction DESIGN TOOLS used to understand existing Town officials, planning board j o and future road patterns. In members and their staff are '- , •! /° ��m a triptych, the first diagram, ? "existing;' illustrates the often presented with a broad community as it exists; the array of written and visual, second diagram, "typical;' material when a developer's .-e- , _ / �� - designer submits a plan for _""M�" - • • ."- " "- reflects the typical regulated• approval. For many, the text _ uniform development patterns can seem more straightforward -- that create visual sprawl; and -"-"-- ,- - ."/ than the visual presentation. %. the third diagram, recom- " ( mended," provides a creative This chapter discusses the Stomata.Cam hereae Plan R.e6de Dewlannlant 3.3, and historically acceptable usefulness and limitations of "�" diverse scattered pattern. The some commonly utilized visual triptych of Stonington, Maine, tools. By becoming familiar has been provided by Arendt/ with these tools and how they Dodson. The paper plan for F; I I -•-•��--- are used, you will gain a clearer �_ "-. D, I I w.�..� the laying of streets, zoning o sense of what a designer is of civic, commercial, and ' �A� . residentialplaces shown in presenting. You will also =? � i�r---m.m,_•__ ---- become more comfortable with ��i ; 1 1 this triptych envisions an important evolution from visualizing space and design. I As a result, you will have a - - j the "preserve and protect" better understanding of how o `- '_ - -I- _" approach that has character- - ized land use innovations in your land use ordinances c 1 .=, / influence the design of your '— 1.;� � ]�� r recent years to planning for town. ___ o4, i=4 . . �•, _ _ growth in locally acceptable ' I I �� patterns. SWAT..CamehemFe P1a, Faadsde Den 1...not Stu& TO.D.a,.Pm. •�,... °- FIGURE 11 Nevers-Bennett Farm, building development, 1820-1980, elevations. Performance Standards \ Visual Tools ® 1 .-1. Once you are able to define pn a _ +\f DJ ItI the dimensions for your land An elevation is a two- o ;,�, "� use ordinances and feel dimensional representation of 020-'°'3 J it: _....y=--- - comfortable with the way your a building facade (its surface). s= I numbers will "look" in your It is primarily used to produce D -_� town, you should then define a positive emotional response the performance standards in the viewer. It can be infor- I �'■P1i ,iturrilrf _r f LE____.n ---- - i ___._.7 1,= ==� within those boundaries. As a mative about height when '°'S—'°°° = 31L.1 starting point, Everett suggests drawn in context to other , _ , - - , avoiding mid-field sitings, existing structures andmature a �- It- ° - ,.F requiring traditional building trees. It is an impossible view n -- ,a. . ,,, materials, and adhering to the in a real setting because the b o oa�nn- o . . _ SWIR' ^er°he Plan "°'„�„D`ve'�`^`S� height and roof slope of the human eye perceives depths r6°D-'°9° —c==L--= prevailing structures. as well. An elevation is a fairly common tool that developers a FIGURE 49 use when making a proposal -o tx to a town planning committee. UO -°Q"" A �'• r890—19130 52 17 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Assessing Visual Impact of Land Use Law Dimensions Height Regardless of what you choose SITING SUGGESTIONS 176. moHumeti1 4%zuc. .i,Ult.Dttvb j Height is also best understood for your specific performance �J in relationship to the heights of standards, visual tools will help ge-TAIN MELDS - SITE Noce; AT El: "a E Or- various familiar but especially you to see how performance R iztLT LAWN Ate FIELD AVOID (.ENTER,, local objects. Recognizing the standards such as slope r- — numbers and building heights _ height of familiar objects (such will look in your town. As ' .._ . .:1 as people and trees), as well as - with other regulations, once =.�/' the specific height of localpoints i' p g you have learned how to -�'.'`,- ' �_.., Ifly��,4;1 � < ,,•, of reference (church steeples, �'°`�!`R'I .--,;,,;---- -1 ; It t. the town hall, or commercial assess the visual impact of �..4;;;,, ,� v�. jtl�fI, ►ui� + n�,,� performance standards, you •'•� •-•!, '; J,ii_ +'-k li i . structures) can help guide you ' • . . can alter and modify them ��j-+ i tip t, Iai� - in establishing height ate guidelines. Height is critical to even from area to area so they -=��'!.� �" ii t�!,',' ' gg MATURE aM6RtCACI ELM ?' accurately reflect the needs and the scale of a village or town. 4 ��'i-o Urban scale is different from desires of your community. UNbULATIN� L?d�{D � 8y' VILLACoE ctivRcu ty mQI)IReD sTRKK FfzOM ''°?- rural and village scale. rbN175 4 weft b5 VIEW DOWN 5WAL1= uv- Trx.rtoNAI... Sueor.tsW 70' MATURE MAPLE -- - Michael Everett offers an _ "" -1, Q ";;, / alternative to suggestions that -�so' ' 50 feet is an appropriate 8/�Z 5/= = •\s,y,n,'I : . `n-.now et. -r maximum building height in _ , ' `'5MAII j Maine's growth areas. He Rcnp Fli t so' ti.. - `\`\\` 9Z /MATURE At'Pull71 suggests instead allowing 35 t _ • ` _ feet to the eave line and a total tso 111 HOUR �� / ''' / '' ' =�a height at the ridge if the sloe '�� 'S�s 11 t Or'II A •<'' �_ pt.STORY - //' :,�. requires it) of not more than 45 h It House _ ,- .'4 b�_ .,, l 1`6 feet. Whether or not you agree (c��_, INSEt ITIV" . SITING SENSITNE SITIt '��-- •7 with the height recommen- V I W DI t26c.TL`� Eb HDu`�E To SIDS o VIEW dations, you may want to "ones __ _ - -> FIGURE 9 consider being specific about �Pk,' __=== - —_-_ the point to which you measure 5 NEVI I4005E5 — ;"SD A5 To NcIr __ _ a building's height. coM t N IT : , ..:.^ .- ' OLDER_ srwcruREs • -•'.,'Tj)� rt • MO Where apersonperceives the 1I!,\ �` i i _ -�A1_:1* : . height of a building is a factor FIGURE 50 i �" - �'• in determining where the __0ii height is measured. At greater - 0 ,,� setback, the ridge line is - . Rta&E LINE viewed, but at a closer range, A HOUSE ON Y HOSES SITED C CJ,N g �►JIU7 MUM CREST LINE ------ . N. „/- only the eave defines height. o�- ' QUESTIoNAPIE GKEST -f'KEF ) • - EAVE LINE The measuring point chosen s(uN I✓ fill i s- �- may also generate a response by the marketplace to create - / •f-'-►. . varying roof pitch. The height ,. `�.• `�" "<�0!1N v, to width ratio alon a street �- • ": ��.�\ k�s.. \� �� creates the quality of space - �\ 1'11114 :1experienced by pedestrian and 0;1�$+;1: , �-" =� s-motorist alike. > - �� = ! -_ � ` FIGURE 10 �\\\ ,�� 16 53 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Visualizing Space Pattern Recognition Zoning •:411 '- �j =:- ->'—"+ 'Jar Everett who believes all land :� �-.- t_ •,; 1�c .:,. lL �.,�Z �, i boa` pip. _� ;i; '�}� use regulations should be ` k� `.?� ►':• .j preceded by a planning board ii- 1,. •t� �,.\�. �' explanation of the intent of 0.ey 11.: r..,..,�`: their action in relation to the ' r ••,‘ image of their town, offers a ' 1, " 1:i 1, general concept of pattern ' 11:1 recognition zoning as one UM; r 41/11/ • approach. - This approach to planning 1 ```. \\ begins with the concept thatLei \ �. o each study area (town) is made P . A 9 I t:itt: � up of a mosaic of uses and ` . , ',.t`�. `= =� � : ..., relationships of buildings to 1 iI r ,1 : .-.= .:4,�:• '� - the land which constitutes the ,N �'� •1 • h`;�; `= , towns land use and visual w _- ; � • ,11 profile. Some towns have more 8 .'' 't /, ,'A\ distinctive images, or clearer I I y r/% �� 1 is 114 c: ,, �� patterns of use, than others. �' \,��F Furthermore, each town has // /pF 1�\1' ' �I several subordinate patterns of �, i I /� ``mir ,•6'I\ `��. use and visual identity. -ti' 1 J ` ��`Q.Q n I b7� 3'Mem.IIIIIIIIII�m-\ \ RI This approach calls for the o I 1 _ �"DIA J identification,. . of existing I f�1 T�-6� y�{ _ `` ,�,,\�,, patterns throughout a town I - b IJ I N. .� - - which then serve as the basis I ' 7 `� ..- \� s - for what development is - p ,\ ''�� .�' p I I /• O ii i1 ,--" \� '!' permitted. In rural areas the �, 1 1 j I. 1E Ile..,., , :.,.. `r^ alternation of farms woods '�'? �, / \-• loamSCN00L LARGE MEDIUM SMALL ^` ` and houses is analyzed as a `IRA1LEK BUS CAR oR CAR CAR pattern to which new housing 'fRuGK f1CKt1? i,'.� `' has to conform. In areas where , newer uses have already - disturbed older patterns or Much of modern life revolves FIGURE 8 where no pattern is discernible around transportation. This FIGURE 51 the town then sets goals for diagram not only gives how that area should be dimensions of typical cars developed (creating, in effect, and trucks that can help you a new pattern for growth). visualize distances by using them for references, but also This process provides a shows how the size of the philosophic approach which vehicle planned around suggests that each town must ultimately dictates road widths tailor its planning concepts and radii, which are elements and regulations to fit the to create pleasing proportions profile of its specific place. and scale. 54 15 Assessing Visual Impact of Land Use Law Dimensions The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances The Town Of Wendell Walter Cudnohufsky's _ approach to assessing the I ry o° -'-' -' '-- town character of a small I �'',! - ; New England village and �.?, rr w determining its most appro- ` ,, .. too' ' 1ir'o .. �� /1-.___ vaeP • L%.� ° _ priate rural and growth areas - _... ire_ - . �I" ar: - I Soo' incorporates many of the ideas t`4 f ,f :� .. ii ram•• _ . ,�� 'r #4, ,,t g I i presented in this chapter. L Ka- �� - Cudnohufsk surveyed �:-( k ''. f - !_-e--4 , �' residents of the town of ` Iso �r=�-;-•r• Wendell, MA to identify • —�.:; , �� .,� Ir. r-'+ v • L-4,-, 3 I e , those , I Foor$Pa.� FIELD � J<<.. �' !'"0,...i I Okm ON6 PLRGl aspects of the town-physical 1 _ r��/��q j__d'-� q I I ; characteristics, specific places, ��,.-.j,,, — '. . / I I activities, feelings, threats, and i` i"-Ns eaI I opportunities--which the citi- .r =�� • 1 pp - l ———_ (060 bEtP_ I izens identified as inherent to -. !' !Jr" i '' L; II �.. -- r _- ` ^— -- -- -— _^- the community. Cudnohufsky ►,'L < � ==, distributed surve s and 60' : ' , accompanying maps to ^ PEEr 1.1.4 ' residents and then presented ` .� y �J a preliminary summary of his . :. :/ �► /' anal sis to the town at a Vision ' ! , Workshop. oe r' , T--_ 114 A /2c o REP • I. �/�/� I —I �A�o�> '1 ExTEka 20o I r-=Uj,, -- -- -- -- t The survey, called"Places inir 1 %. }-_- //�_ 8 �� , ---__ -_ _-- - the Heart asked residents to• --- P _—� CONSERVATIO �o, L---= -- do map exercises to determine CONCERNS �`�"'' 4 the areas in the town most ,a..,.a..,...,,._.* iL Z / Is. �`: WTI _--_ important to the residents. " `"""""""""' �� s - , 17tSTRIGT RURAL,PIS -43s,�5.F. (T6rt acleEs) PROPERTY LINE The first exercise asked them CI ••FINOTT.T r¢uAINENT ate+. x o.++ED�+vs Ea---- `�_ to,000S,F(APx%Aux) 5%COYERA66(2I)780S,F)150o:3.F. 14ov €Sltow>•t ----girTt3AC.K LINE to identify places in the town a te • w+ps- "fO ' -=.= Town of Wendell rim ca�q Vision of me Future Z5Jn c VEtzAGL(25CU' SF.) too FRONT 1 `C t3l�Cx,25'SI R�At?�E'[BPrGK fr'wiw!n .COVERAGE that are special to them and • vEREND r mul.wae, ,EVCON 4•& ... ._� 10005.E 14ou5E 3Howra 1� p 0 25'F�KT SETBACK)IDISIUEv'RSAGK,15'' Retc , , _ al HOUSE describe them in a word , ZWEr. J r tr ceawkom eau or two. "T�'-'TM FIGURE 7 In Figure 7, ten-acre lots are FIGURE 52 shown not only in the various shapes they can take depend- ing on frontage dimensions, but also the theoretical density capacity of that space. Note . the comparative size now of the football field to quarter- acre and ten-acre lots. 14 55 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Visualizing Space The second map required Distance and Area _ �„ /LLSR J R/vRR , citizens to circle areas that �' '. •• • : : ' • - � % \_j� have specific character or "feel" The illustration in Figure 5 • _ • _ - r -, -- ^'ram,+ shows a wayto think about """'""`*' R;�_ ' �, to them, and label them with a IoYARD . • I� .7 . !_ ,- _ � � distances between objects in r� •�^ 5,F ,. ' RtOUNrvr! / descriptive name that captures = _.. ,� _ ,� conjunction with a number. i � • _. the feel of that area. IMdunV N°CLCW ie°O C :° aNI g y :. �"' �° "� - � �'a A good way to visualize -zoYnRvs • • " •s„ ^ -- -- _ - . .:-,._; -; - The following paragraphs are �' �•:�� ' _ distance is to use familiar l I. � wMlTs,tlNG:Np,i, 1 taken from Cudnohufsky's Noun / , .irR•L=..N/as.l°.� 1t`` _____ - _ �. i 1 OOOS.F. � .' objects as a reference. The ••.I' .. � ..: Creating a Community Vision. I • I - : : i _. i dimension chart in How to •W Nam,- - This assessment of the town of 4 .► `s. �11 -.:__ Ty Wendell is the written result of Prepare a Land Use Ordinance • .l . s IT_ the "Places in the Heart" shows a typical format for merAccwurr rAr..4.21,ir , ._ _w/xE rr.Po/va ci ,�. ;-J presenting dimensions l _ _ _ _ I survey. Through this one rAT� .°R�,T c�`s""l j pnATOTtE MAPLE-BRAD°�ARr� �;/ specified in a zoning • Yn�vs .• Z000s.F s 15;;� r r survey, Cudnohufsky gleaned s 5 V - /-0 GE/v .I R(L1 70rON• ordinance. It offers some _ to,000sF _ -- ros,�//�* TOWN.fI.•tLL_ 7o-i information concerning rural Mi000 rr �• //`°`"TRr '4 -='�. - and growth areas, road familiar numbers to orient j 107 slzE 'TUGGLE• '-POND - ., - i� -(\: -_ "" =r m: "" yourself. For instance, four _ _'j1 /� `{./ ' patterns, and rural character. // ��w�"' ' medium car widths represent 5r YAxvs -.MKJT RNa I.I it `�=; Q . -. . - "" 1\-1 `"' a` � ;� the of Wendell's physical - di _ � _ growth area (25'), four t -_: /,__: _T,,,, - (�;�_ aspects are shared with other �./5KE` pa.VD`-V -• ' ''ro f� - '� New England rural commu- medium car lengths can Go YARos J- I O L .- -F • L;LCS•N;lL/roQ -•"":„.- 11 ! _;i approximate minimum street �� _ ' - L�► L T� ._ �_ pities. Forestry and agriculture 501 MUrer-; ,:. t frontage (50'), and so on. 11:.!...Q.... _ ✓,< °,L are primary components of �� •' — But how can you visualize u"l '"R""-`' -0 11 - such town landscapes; they - ==[ � > - minimum lot areas? Visual 70'c os PLAGB$ OF THB NEART nr,r D4 ,�y.„ sncEr:+JK/Mr_, are not forced to compete WLNDELL NA3 A 'NlARr- /N TAG'FORM OA /Ts ��,.J comparison to a familiar space, COMMON AND TOWN DU/LD/NOS. WA/LE,£ANDOMLr visually or actually with ALAO-/D(/TSD.rNL OA115 Tr Of CMClf SA&C Town of Wendell a football rLA S. ON A4 Ds A,.NCL(JOL s�L'c/RlC. field, is one way. ROnbS. PONDS AND MOUNTA/NTO.s ALSO RAT c Vise=oftbeFnnue suburban standards of AC A TNL MILT LAWRAZ. A /J AllA[L6/ATGD �� AC AUK"As nvc AUT(/RAL LANO6C.Ar1!! A2iN residential development. There EA0 YARDS, N°rL."/° /"'"Pg.7.°: D"/�'D"`"" r1 ^ is ample open space of woods, In Figure 6, comparison of NNNAAAA s i'rAYri°Nn n+t/cw et/e/rMS 1 y Cann,�+��rar A�Me !A ls ifs C;.NA�UQ fields and water. Many roads one-acre lot size is roughly are unpaved, and traffic is comparable to a football field. Within that space is shown the go YAacs FIGURE 53 minimal. People move to or common 10,000 s.f. lot. �t-3,5teoS.F. remain in rural areas because ro"e rOQE) of these physical features. I O0 YA2os #coTeot I-FIE ' 4E1 D00 S,F "A summary of citizen views, collected in the 'Places in the Heart' survey . . . divides FIGURE 6 Wendell into three distinct character zones. Of these three, the town center (defined by the proposed historic district) is the most memorable to Wendell residents. Second is the Wendell State Forest, alternatively described as recreational woods, deep woods, green buffer, wilder- 56 13 CHAPTER ONE Assessing Visual Impact of Land Use Law Dimensions VISUALIZING SPACE Introduction ness, and undisturbed open �,, Designing for the future space. The balance of the mu -y - `� n- r s uscrred growth of Maine towns is not community falls within �y � t j P � oi � 1 simply a matter of numbers. residential districts; these _ _ _ 1 historic villages or neighbor- �, �ILP There is no one magic figure hoods are less distinct in their b �.•, =P a3 for lot sizes, no setback boundaries, but prominent in �-;. �__- dimension that is automatically - the dailylives of Wendell o a - `� �� going to produce the idyllic .',. 1 v o a -' residents. 4 small town street scene. It is ',on .z o o-a• ' ." ~• 't- ': a .a • ' • - •tom-utodw..do possible, however, to create • "Manyof the detailed afar a $ $ " _ , -/ ustd 4_ pleasing space with some basic . ' E".'" R p g p attributes which Wendell „ /7 i� ideas about proportion and �r . j residents most appreciate ., II scale: how numbers for height pp ' >� b t� - cam"ai- g provide a rich and intricate i t �_a o �,a,w„o and distance work together. tapestry. Roads and power - - ' — t� ��" °9 `°�°$`_frd 1 lines cut through a densely ((' % -+ ` ' '' Designing is a visual process; wooded landscape and -cre9- o r - ` •�'' • ' Q regulating has been primarily p � !'t_S 'r , a verbal and numerical predominate with their linear u�o�� movement; this system is n ' _____� CLOSE SOCIAL DISTArICE 4--1' process. The aim is to make regularly counterbalanced by r UMd-ux dr 0 sure the visual aspect of visual landings, features that ` ` "e- i design is well represented regularly catch and hold your in your regulations. m attention, such as open far Q cC►1orY1 w. FAR SOCIAL D1TANCE -r'-12' A basic issue in producing fields, ponds, the common, t,04:5r-lu►d 1a ec{ � j .c4 land use rules is how to cemeteries, etc. This balance of ► • i_ PueLlc v15tArukl2'20' visualise space. What are movement and landing is a i � � ,pd necessary rhythm in a rural �"� familiar references for landscape:' y, comparison? What is the RecoGrrizE a pErzsoN goy > relationship between various The Vision Workshop elements at a building site and comprised the second major li.---> how can they be illustrated? component of citizen partic- CARQY 6(ZOGEK�ES 150' ipation in this project. The co"... t The following illustrations purpose of the workshop , � �a `�„� present basic exercises in was to actively involve town -. '�• : �'a�`� .�Oet )R/ 8 becoming comfortable with residents and artists in " ` 1►_ beTFCT A pER�.CN 9000' / >iv spatial relationships./ p p describing-both in words and � •, Qematiol_ FIGURE 5 in sketches-their hopes and ,�:%y .-__- `-,... -�'. .. visions for the future. With the .:;it--, lz' `j'Lb CN�� help of visual aids-many just • -- Jf • I``I.`� % 1 hand sketches-the town was _� .5 � I. able to envision the areas of .•a•" �" �""°"'L`'""``d future growth in Wendell as '''',--,•? ` — (bmmons • well as voice opinions con- ,.°crl Girt. � � �� cerning specific areas of the `4-' c� rrni t8orc r� 26 ikt town such as the town - _, .k,.k_ 6 commons. Appendix B is the • e ° k l agenda from the Visions- „,.p= Workshop held in Wendell, Massachusetts. FIGURE 54 12 57 CHAPTER FOUR Introduction ENVISIONING THE FUTURE Summary Two years ago, one western Maine town used an unconventional tool in revamping its Main Street— the town fire truck. In order to help the road crew set the • granite curbing around the town's memorial statue in the central intersection, the fire truck was driven around the _ �� intersection to verify that its �, _ '� 1 turning radius could be �' C J�, ,-r accommodated. As a result, .' '_ . L`; ' . the formerly circular islandWr A1►>, was changed into an oval one— l a shape the town will have to .`� :'h% ppo , �' \— r live with for many years to e i -- v`•`�l '�'�17. ��. , ,.` '! ,come. It turns out that this is , .,,� , standard policy when road ��/1 .�.,& V ( -k . width questions need r R. ��. �y �i ,) answering. ` . , r (- i) A community's choices in type =�.4 \ and size of road and safety 4.1, - , ' equipment become a hidden 0 �' �, design decision. Those choices �,' ,.,1 can affect road widths and ;``� other visual elements that 11* 1 contribute to a community's " ,••-. > unique spatial character. ;` , 0-- Clearly, a town needs to accommodate its firefighting !,' and snowplowing equipment. .... ?! . v L\ . ,I II/IIII. n I FIGURE 4 This development proposal �/ , (m�M�xlllMll 71.atIllIIIIIII11111. shows houses around an open area. At i `-=,y,y, III,I ?•. the bottom is Tuttle Road. The town office iviiti I� building is in the background, at left. u•- .7 440- ice. FIGURE 55 . 58 11 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Envisioning The Future Point Of View But there are better ways to design a community. Land use Finally, this manual does not regulation does not have to be present a single point of view a hit-or-miss proposition. It recognizes that Maine towns Design issues can be antici- are diverse and that each town's pated and addressed if people plans will vary from one making land use decisions another. In fact, throughout • choose to visualize what their the manual you will find that regulations specify. the contributors may offer different solutions to the same Visualizing dimensions is an design question. This leaves acquired skill. You can become the selection and determination more fluent by learning to of a point of view for your perceive distance, area, and town up to you. The tools height. Your skills will improve presented in this manual will as you become more familiar _....... .. ..•-••. ---•...... - help you to li h a point with and use the same design Tuttle Road of i view. : ::«::<:::<::«<::<;:<:: «::::>:<:: ::: : :;«:>:;::::> >:::>::> tools used bydesigners to aft} pro`<osed 7= re` evelop en#< >>«< presenttheir 1? ::R ! :;• proposals. <•f ree>a€ea ;includin'a�4 .; a common, i. Civic design means a >' ' '.d a _a 2 cre: ivic ot...abutti th:e.> communityconsiders how its ::.: Asyou apply these visualiza- '::::town::garage w ld be>deeded to th town '�' PP Y .::::g.;�:.;::.:;> ;;.;:>:.:.::.:. .;:.: ::.;:.;: .. dimension requirements and :;::: ® q tion skills, you will be able to got>�u[trit�erfani <> »> �»��<> >':<>i << ><:>: < :< other land use policies affect predict how your proposed o u Cumberland the function and appearance Y P P .... PP land will f use ordinances affect :::> , of the town as a whole. h lookYouwill the of your town. .. These visual representations . ................ su :::; '`� ><:i:;ii:;:<•::i:::::'�<;::��::::::'::::; f;; i:c is�::::::::.::::i , .. ................... have a sense of how to develop ::::::: ::::.::::.�:::::::.O:.:::::.::::::..�::::::::.::::::: :::: .: Meadow Way in •Figure 3 and 4 show how : »:::::<:»::::�::<>»>:::>:>:«::::<>:::::>:<::» ::>:::<:>: >::>:< ::: ,.:. <:;;. :: .:. ................................... dimensional requirements best Cumberland ::>:::>:::>: :.>::::< :>: -..,,...;::><::<:: . a develop erer and his d esi ne r for your town. Center .....:. oosed Theo Holtwijk, propose the mm n inclusion of a town common Tuttle Road The goal is that in wrestling :::::.... :..::: • ;.;: ..,.:.;:; . .:;::;.:- ::<::;:: aspart of a residential project. «::::�><:: .»>:.. .>,:.,:.::. >:.;:.:.>;:.;::.: :;;:.;:.: : :;�`::`:`:'<: with conservation, affordable : :::::::::::.:. ac :• Towns can also takeini in itiative ve :,::: ;:i.i],?m mr xz > i ;• ; , ii;;.:.: :;:;.: `t co >::> housing, and economic to legislate civics aces as art development, your town can N� ;.r:,: S< :,,; :.;:.>:.: :.: :.: . ;:... : :m...<>:::>: :::::: of a design program when <: .::,iev: >,, ::. ::>::::w:' <:i >: >.r:,i<:«< ; � :; .. prepare for growth that iiiiiiii > . :;;: :> ;: ,r:;; :�>:>::::iimsmi <_:«:«<_>:«<:;<:: 2 : opportunities arise. Theycan : ;. 9 .::.:.::,. :: .a::. !:::; :: PP enhances its character. c . ;:,.;.:.::r.;::> ii>:3-t•:. ;::.;::.;:;::<:i::.;:.:::•':• >:; :.: iiiiiiii use visual tools like these ..::. : .::..:.;:::. : . . : Town garage duringanyla d use le 'slative ::::.:.� i•::::::: rocess. P 'Illl FIGURE 3 dkJ !!tL11II1luIIIIl! III 71 - %. ..-----_,...„,., '-' . -,-viiiill----7- 'et tom• A\ 10 59 Appendix A: HOW TO BUILD A TOWN MODEL Introduction HOW TO BUILD A TOWN MODEL Civic Design VERMONT VISUAL LABORATORY PROJECT This manual does not discuss Summary of Simulation Procedures building design, or architecture. ©Thomas D. Visser It is concerned with the civic Historic Preservation Program, Department of History, realm: the planning of roads, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 the determination of land use, • the regulation of lot size and related space and bulk Recent research by the University of Vermont's Historic Preservation requirements. Throughout Program has explored how three-dimensional scale models can be used the OCP manual, several to simulate various types of physical changes to neighborhoods. Through dimension charts are shown as the use of"Visual Laboratory"simulations, the impact of the loss of samples of ways how to create historic buildings or the construction of proposed developments can be standards for civic space. readily visualized and options can be explored. This ability to preview These charts are valuable for the future could assist those reviewing the impact or zoning of proposed form only and do not help "'-z- projects on existing neighborhoods. a community know what ( t 'T 43 numbers are best for it. Using e Recognizing that many people have difficulties translating plot plans 0. ..s, and elevations into clear images of the impact of proposed projects, such a variety of visual tools, most 04 z(Z. visualization techniques as artists'renderings have traditionally been of which are explained in the 4 used. These however can often emphasize the glamour of the proposal manual, to experiment with - -" —�.,\ s, o�,� through clever manipulations of viewpoints and scenery, while the true the proportions and scale the _ ��impact on the character of the existing area may be difficult to ascertain. numbers represent, is the i \\,. fl/ E �` second step. The first step, r"� """�s �'�_ Models of proposed buildings can effectively translate plans and also illustrated in Figure 40, _ \ elevations into three dimensions, but all too often project models are is to measure and record local ytREET won- Y SUFF I5 ivava.Kl�5cr644K I SE FAcK constructed solely of the new building, and the relationship with the dimensions that are considered 'f jl 'I f pre-existing context of the area affected by the proposal is excluded or 'fNE CIVIC RALM- vlLLt,GE Agelso pleasing. only minimally rendered. Whether viewed directly or photographed, three-dimensional simulations can be highly realistic, but the cost of FIGURE 1 producing scale models of streetscapes, waterfronts, and villages can stand as a limitation. Modelmaking is very labor intensive. Firms specialize in this work, producing models and images for architects and developers, and it is not unusual for a high-quality simulated view of a i ,l i`, proposed building, produced from a detailed model, photographically ', --..„.... �M superimposed into an existing landscape, to cost several thousand dollars. - For multiple views on a forty-acre neighborhood, the cost could be many • ? ' �44-s�,. e times that amount. o l_ -- size of�oT 1;4. / A main goal of the research which Professors Chester Liebs and Thomas °FC IEV-A \ '� Visser have been conducting at the UVM Historic Preservation Program's -O,:r. _ __ __ - Visual Laboratory is to develop affordable techniques for producing - < accurate, objective environmental simulations of neighborhoods, I BUFFER especially to help planners, review commissions, citizens, and designers I ROA9 Wiwi+ CvKAIKA68)x FROMT SETSAGtc REAR. se-c�AGK 1 < i assess the impact of changes. Largely funded by a Design Arts grant h� from the National Endowment for the Arts, the project has also 'f-E CIVIC fZEALNI- RURAL AMA, received support from the Town of Williston, Vermont, and the FIGURE 2 Williston Historical Society. 60 9 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Appendix A:How to Build a Town Model Zoning For much as possible by local Work on developing environmental simulation techniques to assist Contemporary Needs planning boards and their preservation planning has been proceeding for over a decade at the staffs so they can easily University of Vermont. A class of UVM Historic Preservation Program For zoning to be compatible recognize them in proposed graduate students examined the potential of such simulations in the with New England rural village land use regulations. The 1970's. A leading center of this work for urban planning application character, attention should be is the Berkeley Environmental Simulation Laboratory at the University reason for this is that the void of California, Berkeley, under the direction of professors Peter Bosselman, paid to existing, desirable patterns of development. By created by a lack of integrated Karl Mellander, and the late Donald Appleyard. We are indebted to Peter assessing the visual character town design in land use Bosselman and his graduate students, Richard Sinkoff and Kevin Gilson, of your town, you may be able regulations has been filled in for their assistance on this project. Mr. Sinkoff served as an intern during to create land use regulations recent years almost exclusively the summer of 1987. The simulation techniques were further refined by that avoid some of the by traffic planners and Liebs and Visser and a class of Historic Preservation Program graduate problems associated with engineers. Their standards are students of UVM. traditional zoning, as typically woven seamlessly g and consistently throughout The purpose of this article is to review this latest research and techniques strip development along so that others may take advantage of this potentially powerful tool and a body of local ordinances roadways. Strip developments whether or not a town may further explore its applications, especially for the preservation of historic tend to result due to a modern want them. Having standard neighborhoods. marriage of traffic design drainage dimensions, pave- standards and separating g p First it must be recognized that these modeling techniques are attempting commercial uses from other ment specifications, curb cuts to produce an illusion of reality. The very process of creating such living patterns. to name only a few elements, illusions offers insights into how actual landscapes are composed and begins to have a homogenizing, perceived, and what visual clues trigger the recognition of the specific or Traffic design standards should cumulative effect on local, general qualities of a place. That is, we have•been attempting to identify be studied and understood as possibly special, landscapes. those elements of landscape which give it its character. Our models have In the absence of other included the following elements: priorities, especially human- 1. Buildings scaled features, a town risks 2. Trees adopting land use regulations 3. Contoured earth(and water)base that are oriented solely for 4. Ground covering vehicular convenience unless 5. Roads an examination of when and 6. Automobiles and trucks where this is not appropriate 7. Utility poles and signs is conducted. 8. People 9. Sky backdrop Today, town officials and 10. Horizon backdrop planning committee members 11. Time-of-day lighting must wrestle with economic These are the variables, the visual clues which we have orchestrated to development, conservation, depict"Vermont"landscapes. One goal of our research is to show how historic resources, affordable these elements can be manipulated to produce life-like landscape housing, waste disposal, and simulations. It must be recognized though, that the techniques used the simple fact of life that is to produce these illusions of reality could also be used to cast a biased traffic. Local land use light. Care must also be taken not to let the ease of alteration of regulations need not mean a landscapes encourage change. It is hoped that the process of simulating scaled-back version of urban the impact of landscape changes through the manipulation of these zoning rules: locally tailored simulations as test models will provide the opportunity to encourage ordinances can provide the debate and analysis of various planning and preservation options. opportunity to address those issues in a way that also enhances the design of the town. 8 61 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Introduction Types of Environmental Simulation Models acceptable in rural areas, the proposed to be applied to Simulation models are frequently produced for either direct viewing or term"zoning"must be replaced Maine, a primarily rural state. photographic images. by"land use regulation"in local It is believed to be the best ordinances. Because zoning is strategy available to prepare Direct viewing models hold a high potential for preservation planning an urban planning tool and for rapid and uncontrolled and public involvement. Many city planners use such models to evaluate has evolved legally in this growth, the impetus for the impact which proposed buildings may have on views of the skyline or country almost exclusively passage of Maine's Growth within the city and to test how setbacks will affect the amount of sunlight according to urban needs, the Management Law in 1988. on streets and in parks and to predict wind conditions. Environmental logic to this terminology choice simulation models may also be used by planners and review boards to • bears examination beyond the • test conformance with existing zoning and historic district ordinances, scope of this manual. For the as well as to help develop or refine such ordinances. To insure fairness, legal and planning professions, such models should be accurate and objective with specified tolerances and conventions. however, they are still the same thing. The term "land As an educational tool, models can offer insights into basic planning use regulation"is used most concepts. For example, densities, lot-coverage ratios, setbacks, types of use often in this manual as the and massing may be illustrated within identifiable settings and the effects term of choice for everywhere of altering these legal parameters may be perceived from a pedestrian's in Maine that is not Bangor, viewpoint. Modeled areas may also be used as analogues to illustrate the Lewiston-Auburn or Portland. types of change which may occur in other areas as well. Any other unfamiliar terms we Images produced from studio models of landscapes may offer powerful, regret but believe, with the publishable means of previewing options for the future. While the above exceptions, that standard Berkeley Environmental Simulation Laboratory and others have produced impressive results on film and video using sophisticated optical equipment usage applies. and"special effects"filming techniques, our work at the University of Vermont has explored methods to produce effective print and slide images with basic 35mm camera equipment. These techniques are discussed Traditional Land Use later. Many creative shortcuts and effects may be utilized to produce and Zoning images in a studio which could not be used for models which would be The practice of zoning in a viewed directly. The highly-detailed studio models are however, inevitably fragile and vulnerable. comprehensive way is relatively new in our country. It was first used on a city-wide Key Sites and Impacts basis in New York City in 1916. When planning a project and evaluating a potential site to model, several It later became used extensively questions should be asked. Where is change likely to occur?A specific and adapted for expanding project might be planned for a specific site, but what will be its impact on cities in the Midwest. Its nature the surrounding area?What about indirect impacts?How can these is little changed since its impacts be shown? creation: control form (height, bulk and mass) and separate uses (commercial from History residential from industrial). When the objective is to plan and review proposed changes to an existing landscape, a thorough understanding should be gained of the history In New England, land use and evolution of the site. Historical research, especially based on pictorial patterns predate the establish- evidence and old maps, is a critical component of all landscape ment of zoning by more than preservation projects. When one walks a site with an awareness of its 200 years. While zoning has changes and evolution, the visual clues that create a sense of place and found the broadest use in tell of its history may be more apparent. These visual clues should be urban settings, it is now noted and photographed for future reference. 62 7 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Appendix A:How to Build a Town Model What Is Meant by When governmental action Viewpoints "Hidden Design" is implemented without an When visiting a prospective site it is important to analyze how the and Other Terms? understanding of the potential landscape is actually perceived. Draw a sketch map of the site and walk Design occurs whenever design implications, the result (or drive)along the frequently traveled routes to all important destinations. policies or land use regula- is hidden design. Why"design" Make note of the locations where vistas unfold. What is the background tions, that is, governmental at all? Doesn't that mean an view?Record each of these vistas from a typical viewer's perspective with action that determines the type intended result created by an a panoramic series of photographs. Record the sequences of views one • architect or other design experiences when moving through the site. By analyzing these views, it and limitations of uses and maybecome apparent that some viewpoints are especially memorable structures that will be sited professional? Professionals are PP p P Y trained to deal with space and and are most identifiable by the public: (Watch how people view the site. upon the land in a community, Exactly where and at what do they frequently look?) Note the locations affect space in a town. materials in a functional and of these popular viewpoints. The site may also have important vantage sensorial way. However, even points which may not be accessible or are infrequently visited. These when there is no intentional should also be recorded with panoramas. Are changes planned which effort to control space and may create new popular viewpoints?How does one's perception of the materials, something will fill site change by time of day? day of week? season?type of weather? the void. Space in a community is going to change if the natural and built elements that Area to be Modeled define space—roads, trees, What are the issues to be addressed by the simulation project?Which walls, and structures—change specific sites are under review or analysis?What are the changes or in any way. threats?How will these be physically manifested?From which popular viewpoints will these issues be reflected?How will they be depicted The term "town"is used in the model?What model views will illustrate the issue?Is the model to interchangeably with be used strictly to produce simulated images or will it be used for direct "community" in this manual. viewing?Does the site have a natural concavity or structures which could In common usage, the term define the model's bounds? (Most sites will require separate backdrops "town" may mean only extending to the horizon for each model view.)How many(or few) densely built or developed viewpoints (and backdrops) are necessary?How much detail should be areas; here it means the depicted in the backdrops? political unit of local government. In other states, Scale the political unit of local government for rural areas is The following factors may influence the choice of the scale of model: often county government. In Large scales offer the potential for more realism of details, while smaller Maine, within any town are scales allow broader spaces to be modeled. Modeling supplies are developed and undeveloped available in architectural scales (from 1/2 to 1/32 inch to the foot), areas, often more than one engineering scales (1/20 to 1/100 inch to the foot), and in model railroad village, and there are no land scales (HO is 1:87, N is 1:160, and Z is 1:240.) If a simulation is to address such issues as alterations to building facades and streetscape changes, a areas that are not within a scale of 1/16 inch to the foot(1:196) offers sufficient detail, while allowing town boundary and, therefore, a room-sized model (six by nine feet) to represent slightly less than 50 town governance. acres. For modeling larger landscapes, a scale on the order of 1/50" to the foot would be necessary, however the amount of detail and realism from Finally, the terms "zoning" and a simulated pedestrian's viewpoint would be limited. Indeed many people "land use regulations" where viewing 1/50 scale models feel as though they are viewing the site from used in this manual are an airplane, while at 1/16 scale, the pedestrian viewpoint is readily interchangeable. There has imaginable. Models built in scales smaller than 1/16" are also more been some experience by difficult to photograph with 35mm cameras and standard macro lenses. planners in Maine that in order to make planning 6 63 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Introduction Comparison of Scales Theo Holtwijk is a practicing Steven Theodore is a principal scale ratio model area model building height architect with Stevens, in his own design firm located per square acre per 10 foot story Morton, Rose, and Thompson in Richmond, Me. and teaches in Portland, Me. Trained in architectural design at the 1"l16' 1:192 13" x 13" 0.625" the Netherlands, he is familiar University of Maine Augusta. 1"/32' 1:384 6.5" x 6.5" 0.313" with the design challenges He conducts research on of creating "new towns" in regional building types and 1"/50' 1:600 4.2" x 4.2" 0.20" designated growth areas. has designed according to these patterns. Site Documentation and Mapping Robert Kahn is a practicing architect with the firm of The accuracy and potential for realism in a model depends on the Douglas Richmond Architects accuracy, quality, and quantity of information available about a site. in Brunswick, Me. He is Sources of geographic information for urban areas include municipal experienced in facilitating tax maps, aerial photos, and land surveys. In rural areas, U.S.G.S. group process on design • quadrangle maps may be the only information available. While quadrangle maps can be used to develop a base map, the margin of problems, balancing consensus error in evaluations will be dictated by the 20-foot contour interval with individual participation. information. Hopefully computer-based geographic information services (GIS) information could contribute as well. Philip N. Loheed, AIA, is a partner in Loheed Design While the general shape of the land may be modeled, additional Partnership, of Watertown, information must be obtained to depict such features as roads and Ma. A former partner with ditches. Ideally the entire site would be surveyed by tape and transit Benjamin Thompson, his work to gather information on elevations, locations of streets, buildings, includes environmentally trees, signs, utility poles, types of ground cover, et cetera, but for most sensitive and human-scaled projects, the cost of such a survey would be prohibitively expensive. architecture worldwide. An alternative is to use sequential panorama photographs. Steven Moore is a principal in Sequential Panorama Mapping the firm of Moore/Weinrich Architects of Brunswick, Me. This technique was developed to utilize information gathered from He is a voice for the archi- sequential photographs taken on site from a pedestrian's point of view. tecture community as a By using triangulation it is possible to map the locations of many site member of the Maine Arts features. The effective accuracy is about plus-or-minus two feet within 100 feet of a fixed point. While this would be too great a margin of error Commission. He has written for a land surveyor, it usually satisfies the tolerance requirements for about design for journals and these environmental simulation models. Since the procedure does not newspapers. require the location of each feature to be measured on site, as a tape and compass survey would, the time required to produce a base map is Jerri Skinner and Sue Lambe dramatically reduced. Limited tape and compass information, however, are the principals in the can be very useful to establish base points and to check tolerances when landscape architecture firm of laying out the base map. Skinner & Lambe of Portland, , Me. They are experienced in The following equipment is required for this sequential panorama using illustration and graphic mapping technique: representations to visualize • 35mm camera with a wide-angle lens (preferably 28mm) governmental land use • tripod concepts and regulations. • 100 foot tape • sight level • chalk or marking pins 5 64 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Appendix A:How to Build a Town Model Contributors Randall Arendt is associate Stations are marked along a straight baseline (the edge of a road or director of the Center for Rural sidewalk, for example) at measured intervals. (Where a site lacks Ideas and text for this manual Massachusetts. In Design appropriate straight lines, a row of stations might be flagged or marked by were generously contributed Guidelines for the Connecticut traffic cones. The baselines should be visible in the photographs.)These by the following design River Valley, he and collaborator intervals should be determined by the distance features are located away professionals: HarryDodson revealed the from the baseline. For a rural village or suburban site, 100-foot intervals may work well, but this should be shortened in tighter urban situations power of visual information in where stations might also be located at key positions, such as street town planning. intersections. Complex sites would require several baselines, typically along each street. Nancy Barba is a principal in the Portland, Me. design firm At each station a 360-degree panorama is photographed. The camera • of Reed and Barba Architects. should be aimed level and rotated on a horizontal plane to avoid parallax She is active in Maine historic distortion. At least five images are required when using a 28mm lens, as preservation issues and has a each frame will cover about 75 degrees. (At least six images are required special interest in historic and with a 35mm lens.) Color slides or enlarged prints or black-and-white new religious structures. contacts may be used, however since enlarged prints are usually cropped at the sides when commercially printed, an extra overlap should be allowed when shooting print film panoramas. This need not be excessive Michael Boucher is a since many 35mm cameras photograph an image slightly larger than that landscape planner with seen through the viewfinder. Terrence J. DeWan and Associates in Yarmouth, Me. He has used AutoCad, the Base Map most widely used drawing A full-scale base map should be produced for the model with contour software on personal lines and the locations of all the significant surface features. Maps, computers, for the past surveys, and aerial orthophoto maps ("tax maps") may be economically five years. enlarged to the proper scale by using an overhead projector, tracing the image onto large sheets of paper. As each source of mapping information Walter Cudnohufsky is director will have different degrees of accuracy and resolution, the intermediate of the Conway School of maps should be recorded on separate layers of tracing paper. Landscape Design in Conway, Discrepancies can then be resolved before producing the final base map. Ma., and practices town design and planning as Walter The information from the sequential panoramas may be plotted on a map Cudnohufsky and Associates. in the following manner: He advocates the inclusion of The stations are first plotted along a straight line. The locations of visual issues in the town landscape features are then scaled off the images with a guide calibrated planning process. by degrees. The angle between each object to be mapped and the baseline is plotted. (As mentioned above, the full width of the film image will be Michael Everett teaches about 75 degrees for a 28mm lens.)When the same procedure is followed landscape architecture and from another station, the location of the object is the point of intersection architecture at the Rhode of the angles. Island School of Design and consults as Everett Associates, Inc. He co-authored Building at Model Construction the Shore (R.I.) and is at work The following techniques produce models suitable for studio photography on a book about rural New and limited public display using materials which are readily available at England settlement patterns. most building supply yards. More durable materials would be required for models which would receive continuous public use. 4 65 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Introduction Bases Sponsors We are grateful to all the Bases should be strong, lightweight and resist warping. Flush hollow-core This publication is a people at these agencies for wooden doors satisfy these requirements and their size (typically 3 feet by product of a two-year pilot their encouragement and faith. 6 foot 8 inches) allows for easy transportation and storage. Smaller program sponsored by the sections based on a grid system might also be used, perhaps with painted New England Studies Program plywood as a base. at the University of Southern • The land contours may be sculpted from polyurethane or polystyrene Maine (USM) and the Maine foam. "Bead-board" and most building insulation foams, however, are Arts Commission (MAC). difficult to work as they tend to tear rather than carve. The contours of the land may be transferred to the foam with a depth gauge, then the The purpose of the MAC/USM excess material may be carefully carved away with wood-working tools. Design Arts Project is to bring The carving and sanding should be completed to within a vertical and together design practitioners horizontal tolerance of about 1/8 inch. The surface may then be plastered. (architects and landscape We have found that a thin mixture of Plaster of Paris rapidly applied with architects), academics, and a large paint brush can produce a smooth, eggshell-like, protective layer. government policymakers to After sanding and priming, ground foam model railroading flocking can address Maine design issues. effectively simulate surface vegetation, while paved areas may be painted. The goal is to create a database of researchers and practitioners Trees working on this issue, to draft a manual addressing visual For many sites, trees are a significant part of the landscape. Accurate impact issues, and to convene models will require trees which match the location, height, shape, periodic forums for all color and species of those on site. Extra fine steel wool stretched over participants to discuss their armatures fashioned from twigs from such shrubs as Japanese Spirea, may be spray-painted and dusted with ground foam to produce ideas in an open environment. life-like trees. The Maine Office of Compre- hensive Planning in the Buildings Department of Economic Realistic buildings may be constructed from scale-rectified colored and Community Development • photographs. By photographing building facades with a wide-angle, and the Department of perspective-control lens from a predetermined fixed distance, scale- Environmental Protection rectified prints may be quickly and economically obtained. For most sites, cooperated in the project. acceptable photos can be obtained with a 35mm camera with a 28mm Funding has been provided by perspective control lens, mounted on a tripod. The proper distance to the the National Endowment for building facade should be measured with a tape measure, and a sight the Arts Design Arts Program, level helps align the camera view. The perspective control lens can then the New England Foundation be shifted to take in the upper parts of the building. Test shots should for the Arts, the Eva Gebhard- be taken to determine the proper distance, compensating for the Gourgaud Foundation, and the enlargement ratio of the processor's equipment. (For standard 3"by 5" Charles Shipman and Joan color prints made by a local"quick-print"processor, we found that for a Whitney Payson Charitable 28mm lens, 72'3" was the required distance for 1/16th scale, while 90'3" Trust. Additional support was required for a 35mm wide-angle lens.)The facade images are cut has been provided by the from the color photographs and mounted on illustration board. Marking pens and sculpting clay work well for modifications, "touching up"glue University of Southern Maine's joints and edges and for odd-shaped details. Office of Sponsored Research, the USM New England Studies Program, the Maine Arts Commission and the New England Writers Group. 66 3 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Appendix A:How to Build a Town Model How The Manual Several appendices accompany Backdrops Is Organized the manual. Appendix A gives For studio simulations, a large theatrical flat of muslin stretched over a The chapters in this manual instructions on how to build a wooden frame, painted as a sky with clouds provides the basic backdrop. discuss some tools and ideas model. Appendix B includes Most simulations will also require custom background paintings which that can helyou think the agenda for the meeting extend to the horizon for each viewpoint. These may be painted onto p discussed in Chapter Four at paper or illustration board to include a skyline with distant hills, treelines visually about the process of which townspeople in Wendell, and buildings. The horizon backdrops are a very important element to regulating land use. Massachusetts considered the establish an identifiable sense of place in a simulation. CHAPTER ONE—Visualizing design of their town. Appendix Space, introduces some ideas C offers a bibliography for Photography and Lighting on how you can visualize further reading on the subject of visualizing design elements. Studio lighting must be compatible with the film type to produce realistic distance, area, and height. colors. (Use a tungsten-rated color film for incandescent lighting or CHAPTER TWO—Design appropriate filters). A primary light source should act as a"sun"to cast Tools, presents 14 visual tools, shadows appropriate for the location and time of day. Secondary lighting such as maps, plans, and How This Manual should be diffused, yet evenly distributed. For a simple scene, at least models, with which planning Was Produced five 500 or 750 watt photofloods may be required. To photograph models committee members should be A random survey of architects using 35mm cameras, a macro lens is generally required. This will allow familiar. and designers was conducted a sufficient depth-of-field for many views when set to the minimum CHAPTER THREE—Assessing in 1989 to assess what kind of aperture (typically f-16 or f-22). With shutter speeds of at least several the Visual Impact of Zoning research is being conducted seconds, a tripod is also required. Ideally the model will be constructed in Law Dimensions, discusses on New England town design sections to allow the camera to be positioned at the edge of a base section the visual impact of such issues. Several designers for key views. factors as street frontages, lot responded to the survey. They areas, setbacks, roads, and were then sent a second survey Testing "What-if" Scenarios parking. It also discusses asking them to show how "growth" and "rural" areas, they would illustrate and help Constructing the existing conditions model is the first step, however one vegetation, and performance a community visualise the of the main purposes of the Visual Laboratory is to test proposals and "what-if"scenarios. These alternatives must also be translated into three- standards. Finally, it presents dimension standards in a case study of how one town Maine's land use manual. The dimensional forms. Architectural evaluation drawings may be reduced to the proper scale on a photocopier, then pasted onto illustration board, encouraged its citizens to think dimension section of the land and colored with marking pens. Generic building types may be produced about town design. use manual was chosen from photographs of buildings located elsewhere or by computer. Scale CHAPTER FOUR—Envisioning because it is a fundamental automobiles, trucks, and human figures are available from architectural the Future, offers a summary tool to control density and suppliers. These could also be photographed and cutout as silhouettes. of the reasons for using visual therefore has significant design Signs and utility poles add an important degree of realism and depth. tools. implications. Roads and parking lots may be laid down with construction paper or painted illustration board. The responses chosen for this manual were selected to demonstrate a broad spectrum of visual tools used by designers. This manual explains how these visual tools can help town planners and policy makers understand the spatial relationships that will be created by regulating land use. 2 67 The Hidden Design In Land Use Ordinances Costs and Time Estimates Introduction INTRODUCTION The major portion of the materials cost to produce a visual laboratory model is for photography expenses. Site documentation for a simple site Members of one Maine may require 10 to 20 rolls of print film and 5 to 10 rolls of slide film. For community decided at town the scale-rectified photographs used for the building facades, each meeting three or four years ago building may average about a half roll of print film. Duplicate"generic" that they wanted to maintain buildings may be constructed from multiple reprints. The base and the town's "rural character:' backdrop materials, including foam, plaster, paint, clay, flocking, model According to a resident who autos, muslin, et cetera, may cost between several hundred and several attended the meeting, no one thousand dollars for each model. The basic photographic equipment raised the question of exactly including a 35mm SLR camera, 28mm perspective-control lens, 50mm what that meant. That is, no The towns, experience is not macro lens, tripod, and studio lights could cost several thousand dollars. one asked, "What is the rural unique and provides a lesson character of our town?" for all of us—there are fun- Based on our experience with the several test cases, the following list damental design implications summarizes the time necessary to develop a visual laboratory for a site, Nonetheless, the town present in all land use assuming a team of two persons: ordinances. These "hidden" developed a new zoning elements of design can be seen 1. Preliminary site evaluation and program development: Variable, several ordinance meant to preserve and taken into account if our hours to several days. its rural character. What the land use ordinances are to 2. Site mapping and panorama photography: 1 to 3 days. town did was to create two help guide development in 3. Base map: 1 day or more, depending on how well the site has been zones: one, rural/agricultural/ ways that complement our mapped or surveyed. forest; the other, commercial. 4. Base construction: 1 week(topographically complex 6'8" x 9'model). In the rural zone, one-acre towns and cities. 5. Scale rectified photography of buildings: 30 minutes to 4 hours each lots were allowed along the building, depending on site and complexity of the structure and the roadways, but lots without number of facade planes. The Purpose a certain amount of road 6. Building construction: 1 hour to 1 day per building, depending on the frontage were required to Of This Manual complexity and scale. 7. Trees: 2 to 3 days for 100 of various sizes, shapes and species. be three acres in size. In the This manual has been 8. Miscellaneous landscaping features (signs, utility poles, cars, people): commercial zone, every lot had developed to help people 1 to 3 days. to be at least one acre in size. visualize the hidden design 9. Landscaping the model(roads, turf, trees, buildings): 2 to 5 more days, that is present in their land depending on complexity and scale. The result of this effort to use ordinances. It is being 10. Alternative structures and features: variable, several hours to several preserve town character was distributed as a companion days. intense development along the manual to How to Prepare a 11. Backdrops (construction, priming and painting): 1 day for each. roadways. All the main arteries Land Use Ordinance (May, 12. Studio photography(including setup of model and lighting): 1 to 2 or are becoming lined with 1990), published by the state more hours per image. houses. The town resident Office of Comprehensive who reported this unintended Planning. result believes that if the town had used a process to visualize By becoming familiar with the the effects of its zoning action— tools and ideas presented in and perhaps given more this manual, community attention to its goals—its members and decision makers citizens could have seen from can become more comfortable the outset that the zoning with the visual reality of adopted would not maintain zoning. They will be able to rural character. The town's better understand how their actions appear to have land use laws will affect the worsened the problem of strip "look" of the town as it grows development along its roads. and develops. 68 1 Appendix B: ENVISIONING WORKSHOP AGENDA AGENDA: VISION WORKSHOP FOR THE TOWN WENDELL, MASSACHUSETTS Saturday, March 24, 1990 9:00 am-3:00 pm • PURPOSE: To articulate visually and in words several alternative visions for the future of Wendell, and to arrive at some consensus of the ` direction in which Wendell should go. 8:45 SIGN IN Review mounted photos, add comments—music. 30 min. 9:15 INTRODUCTIONS To the project(Michael Idoine/Prudy Smith) 5 min. To the day(Walt Cudnohufsky, CDA)5 min. 9:30 SURVEY RESULTS &CONCLUSIONS (Margo Culley/Walt Cudnohufsky) 15 min. 9:45 CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM ANALYSIS MAPS/PHOTOGRAPHS (Walt Cudnohufsky/Mollile Babize, CDA) 30 min. 10:15 SKETCH GROUP I Break into small groups with recorder&illustrator; describe visions for areas, specific locations, regions in town. Kids go outside for half hour to fantasize about activities they'd like to see on the common, return inside to draw individual for half hour. 60 min. 11:15 REPORT TO FULL GROUP Ideas generated within each group (kids go first then adults—only spend a few minutes per picture)45 min. 12:00 LUNCH 30 min. (Music, informal discussion, add comments to photos on walls) RAFFLE DRAWING (Participation of kids ends at this point) 15 min. 12.45 SKETCH GROUP II New groups continue the exercise 60 min. 1:45 WHOLE GROUP DISCUSSION/BRAINSTORMING Of ideas&issues raised, of the future of the town, of fears & hopes, &any consensus which emerges. (Walt moderates) 60 min. 2:45 SUMMARY OF THE DAY (representatives from town and CDA) 15 min. Wishes, regrets, conclusions 3:00 ADJOURNMENT 69 Appendix C: SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY CONTENTS Guidebooks Introduction Hendler, Bruce. Building in the Wildlands of Maine. Augusta: Maine Land The Purpose Of This Manual 1 Use Regulation Commission(LURC), 1973. How The Manual Is Organized 2 Holleran, Everett, Benedict. Building at the Shore. Providence: RI How This Manual Was Produced 2 Department of Environmental Management, 1984. Sponsors 3 Mackin, Anne and Alex Kriger. A Design Primer for Cities and Towns. Contributors 4 Boston: Massachusetts Council on the Arts and Humanities, 1989. What Is Meant By"Hidden Design" and Other Terms? 6 Pioneer Valley(MA)Planning Commission. Design Guidelines Handbook. Traditional Land Use and Zoning 7 Granby, MA: Pioneer Valley Planning Commission, 1989. Zoning For Contemporary Needs 8 Pioneer Valley(MA)Planning Commission. Guidebook for Developing in Civic Design 9 Granby's Commercial District. Granby, MA: Pioneer Valley Planning Point Of View 10 Commission, 1989. Visualizing Space Chapter ONE Rhame et al. Residential Streets. Washington, D.C.: Urban Land Institute Introduction 12 (ULI), 1974. Distance and Area 13 Stokes, Samuel et al. Saving America's Countryside: A Guide to Rural Height 16 Conservation. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 1989. Design Tools Chapter TWO Articles Introduction 17 Curtis, William J.R. "Towards An Authentic Regionalism"IvIIMAR 90. Elevation 17 Jan'86. Section 18 Hiss, Tony. "Reflections (Regional Identity)."THE NEW YORKER Plan 18 MAGAZINE. Aug 21, '90 and Aug 28, '90. Maps 19 Kay, Jane Holtz. "The Green vs. The Grid."LANDSCAPE Perspective 20 ARCHITECTURE. Oct'89. Photographs 20 Knack, Ruth Eckdish. "Repent, Ye Sinners, Repent."PLANNING Aerial Photographs 22 MAGAZINE. Aug'89. Axonometric 23 Meinig, D.W. "Symbolic Landscapes:'The Interpretation of Ordinary Ideogram 24 Landscapes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979. Model 24 Computer Model 25 General Reading Schematic 29 Alexander, Christopher et al. Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Triptych 29 Construction. New York: Oxford University Press, 197Z Overlay 30 Haar, Charles and Jerold Kayden, eds. Zoning and the American Dream: Video 31 Promises Still to Keep. Chicago: Planners Press (APA)in association with Assessing The Visual Impact Of Land Use Law Dimensions Chapter THREE the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy(Cambridge, MA), 1989. Introduction 32 Hall, Edward T. The Hidden Dimension. New York: Doubleday& Co., 1966. Rural and Growth Areas 36 Jackson, J.B. The Necessity for Ruins and Other Topics. Amherst, MA: Sample State Dimensions 37 University of Massachusetts Press, 1980. Street Frontages 42 Jellicoe, Geoffrey and Susan. The Landscape of Man: Shaping the Ratio Of Height To Setback 45 Environment from Prehistory to the Present Day. New York: Van Norstrand Lot Size 47 Reinhold Co., 1975. Parking 49 Krier, Leon. Houses, Palaces, Cities. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1984. Vegetation 50 Lynch, Kevin. Site Planning. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1975. Road Patterns 50 Mitchell, William. Photographic Falsehoods. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Performance Standards 52 Press, 1991. Pattern Recognition Zoning 54 Nelson, George. How.to See. Boston: Little, Brown& Co., 1979. The Town Of Wendell 55 Wright, Paul. Highway Engineering(5th edition). John Wiley& Co., 1987. Envisioning The Future Chapter FOUR Summary 58 Appendix A: How to Build a Town Model 60 Appendix B: Envisioning Workshop Agenda 69 Appendix C: Selected Bibliography 70 Credits 72 70 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Appendix C:Selected Bibliography The success of this manual is due entirely to the energy, Video enthusiasm and support of many people. Any limitations and Duany, Andres. "Traditional Town Planning."Lecture at the Boston shortcomings of the project and manual are solely my Museum of Fine Arts, 1989. Order from James Kaufman&Associates, responsibility. 5312 Camellia Ave., Sacramento, CA 95819. $15 plus$2.40 postage. Phone (916)451-1542. Paula M. Craighead, Project Director Other Chapman, Donna and Tom Johnson. Project PREPARE: Maine. 1988-1990. March, 1991 Part I is a compendium of state and local growth management laws. Part II is a case study of Wiscasset and Fryeburg. Order from NE Regional Office, National Trust for Historic Preservation, 45 School Special appreciation and thanks are due to: Street, Boston, MA 02108. $20 plus postage. Phone(617)727-2040. University of Southern Maine Sobol, Judith, ed. New Architecture: Maine Traditions. Portland, ME: Joseph Conforti, director, New England Studies Program; Dorothy Sayer, Joan Whitney Payson Gallery of Art at Westbrook College, 1983. administrative assistant; Robert Goettel, director, Office of Sponsored Catalog of exhibition with photos and articles from project committee Research; Carl Helms, Academic Computing Services; student graduate concerning"the ability of contemporary architecture in Maine to assistants: Elspeth Brown, Tom Johnson, Carol Standish, Nathan Szanton, continue regional traditions:' Deborah Fossum. Maine Arts Commission Alden Wilson, director; Martha Dodson, assistant director; Peter Simmons, PerCent for Art Program. State of Maine Cooperating Agencies Kay Rand, director, Office of Comprehensive Planning, Department of Economic and Community Development; Debrah Richard, director, Land Bureau, Department of Environmental Protection. Other Dave Parks and Terry McCarthy, Maine PC Connection; Barry Magda, Rameen Armajani, Judith Sobol, Patricia Harrington, Nancy Hines, Amy Fischer,C.Michael Lewis,Michael Saucier,Patricia Anderson. Project Advisors Adele Fleet Bacow, Christine Cantwell, Terry DeWan, James J. Espy, Jr., Chris Fasoldt, Frank Fiori, Dennis Gale, Bill Hubbard, Grant Jacks, Alex Q. Jaegerman, Frank Locker, Philip Loheed, Sarah Marshall, Steven Moore, William Plouffe, Kay Rand, Debrah Richard, L. Kinvin Wroth. For the list of contributors and funders, without whom this manual would not have been produced, please see the Sponsors and Contributors sections. ©University of Southern Maine, 1991 Published by the USM New England Studies Program 11 Granite Street Portland,ME 04103 All rights reserved.Requests for reproduction in any form or by any means to be made to the publisher.Additional copies of this manual may be ordered at the address above for$9.95 plus$1.50 postage and handling.Primary funding for production costs from the National Endowment for the Arts Design Arts Program and the Maine Arts Commission.Additional funding provided by the Maine State Office of Comprehensive Planning. 71 CREDITS Illustrations (except as noted below) C. Michael Lewis, Portland, ME THE HIDDEN DESIGN Layout and Design Amy Fischer, Camden, ME Initial text organization and editing New England Writers Group, Brunswick, ME Typesetting IN LAND USE ORDINANCES Typeworks, Belfast, ME ASSESSING THE VISUAL IMPACT OF DIMENSIONS USED FOR TOWN PLANNING IN MAINE LANDSCAPES Additional illustrations: Figure 3, Portland(ME)Press Herald by Don Asmussen; Figure 4, Theo Holtwijk; Figure 5, from a concept by Robert Kahn and drawn by C.M. Lewis; Figure 11 and 17, by Wm. Holland and Thos. Stacey; Figure 15, by Kurt Brown; Figure 12, drawing by Tom Hubka. Reproduced by permission of University Press of New England from Big House, Little House, Back House, Barn by Thomas C. Hubka. Copyright 1984 by Trustees of Dartmouth College. Figure 13 and 16b, Richard Remson; Figure 16a, The Sewall Co.; Figure 18,25,31, 44, 45, 50, and 51, drawing by Michael Everett. Reproduced by permission of Michael Everett. Figure 19, A PUBLICATION OF THE reproduced by permission of the University of Vermont Historic Preservation Program; Figure 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24, Michael Boucher; MAC/USM Figure 28, photo courtesy of Smith Atwood Video in Portland, ME; DESIGN ARTS PROJECT Figure 29, reprinted from Maine in the Early Republic by Chas. Clark, Js. Leamon, Karen Bowden, Eds. Copyright 1988 by Maine Historical Society and Maine Humanities Council. Permission by Univ. Press of N.E. Figure 30, from The Human Mosaic by Terry Jordan and Lester Rowntree. Copyright 1986 by Harper&Row, pub. Permission by Harper Collins, pub. Figure 33, State of Maine How to Prepare a Land Use Ordinance p. B-7; Figure 34, 35, 36, and 37, Steven Theodore; Figure 39, Skinner&Lambe; Figure 40, Steven Moore; Figure 43, Center for Rural Massachusetts; Figure 26 and 49, reproduced by permission of Randall Arendt, drawing • Edited By by Harry Dodson Assoc.; Figure 52 and 53, reproduced by permission of Paula M. 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':-.,- • PS I GLIEPD,I I I DOEN DES I GN I 1 ''t:;.. •., rf- ..-- , , 4 . di- - ----. •111111111110‘. 1.4-:.,,, •• •tt4-4 DESIGN ARTS PROJECT - -A - -?. 1 4 . . ,. , #r.. ik • 4,-,_ -"=..1.0. -- - . ....g.--- 4.• "z -- -..- - ' :-4111 i• - - 7•4 . .„... - •.4:''Art-t -.. 711-7 al'7ItirCEI-4.2.1--'..,' - ' '''• I..,,rit .... .---, . -4 .--,- i s HA i i • NATIONAL REGISTER• BULLETIN Technical information on comprehensive planning, survey of cultural resources, and registration in the National Register of Historic Places . U . S . Department of the Interior National Park Service Interagency Resources Division How to Complete the National Register Registration Form - • ,- irkI• iIlrit, r ,ICI ; • Sy4.. .,, iiI „t,a/:t - - :$:I c : , 1 - . 1 -:. :4----.- -1.—:,-• ;at .yr f :, -f— *' .ram • _ - a r Viz: I f PI:' �j w _ , di ::: : L �� y - - , . :-P;.: t ;11 N !Ill 10 ' I l‘d ‘ k 4 . . ,.e , 7' `S .4-1 ' -"Trs it:1 \ • ... i Il ‘ _i , _Hs .. , t is, 1 te- .1::ite ( ( ( •-. - 1 . . y 1..:::tr u, L:liit r' IIIIIIIIIIIII It!, _ t,. 4 t v F•uutr `' Mission: As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of NATIONAL REGISTER the Interior has responsibility for most of our nationally-owned public lands and natural and cultural resources. This includes fostering wise use of our land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the BULLETIN 16 environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The De- partment also promotes the goals of the Take Pride in America campaign by promoting stewardship and citizen responsibility care. T ility forp thrt nt ls lands and GUIDELINES FOR (I ! O M P L E T I N G promoting citizen participation in their care. The Department also has a major responsibility for American Indian reservation communitites and for people who live in Island Territories under U.S. Administration . NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES FORMS PART A soh U . S . Department of the Interior National Park Service Cultural Resources HOW TO COMPLETE THE NATIONAL REGISTER REGISTRATION FORM • . . Cover (Top Left) Located in Hillsborough County, Florida, El Centro Espanol de Tampa is listed in the National Register of Historic Places for its signifi- cance as the oldest of the Latin clubs in Tampa and for its architectural design . It was founded in 1891 to provide a social and civic community for cigar workers from Cuba, New York City, Key West, and Spain . The club provided family medical services, educational and citizenship pro- grams, and recreational facilities . The building's architecture is notable for its Spanish and Italian motifs fashioned in pressed brick and terra cotta. ( Walter Smalling, Jr.) (Top Right) Part of the Coronado State Monument in Bernalillo, Sandoval County, New Mexico, the Kuaua Ruth consists of a series of low earth mounds. The ruin is significant as a Pueblo Indian village that was occupied from 1300 A . D. to the Spanish contact period. (Museum of New Mexico) • (Bottom Left) The 1915 carousel at Pullen Park, Wake County, North Carolina, is listed in the National Register of Historic Places as a fine ex- National Register Branch ample of the turn-of-the-century carousels built by the Gustav A . Dentzel Company of Pennsylvainia. It is also significant for its role in the his- Interagency Resources Division torical development of recreation in Raleigh . (North Carolina Division of Archives and History) National Park Service (Bottom Right) Constructed 1890- 1892, the Sheldon Boright House in Richford, Franklin County, Vermont, is significant for its architecture. U . S . Department of the Interior The design and detailing of this exuberant late 19th-century Queen Anne/Eastlake residence were directly influenced by Palliser's American Cot- 1991 tage Homes, a pattern book published in 1878 . (Francis Brawley Foster) . . , PREFACE T N Regi Ho listing by the National Park The National Historic Preservation Placeshe is the ational official Federalsterof list ist of ric dis- tricts, sites, buildings, structures, andvice . Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665 ) au- 1 objects significant in American history, architecture, archeology, engineering, and culture . These contribute to an understanding of the historical and cultural foundations of the Nation . The National Register includes : Seto- By Federal law, National Register thorized the National Register of His listing assists in preserving historic toric Places, expanding Federal recog- nition in several ways : nition to historic properties of local and State significance. The National • Recognition and appreciation of Park Service in the U .S . Department historic properties and their im- portance, grams. Regulations for these pro - • All prehistoric and historic units of the National Park System; • National Historic Landmarks, • Consideration in planning Fed- eral and Federally assisted pro 60, National Register of Historic jects, Places, and 36 CFR Part 65, National Historic Landmarks Program. which are properties recognized by the Secretary of the Interior as • Making property owners eligible The National Historic Preservation for Federal tax benefits, Act authorizes State Historic Preser possessing national significance; and • Properties significant in Ameri- can, State, or localprehistory . Consideration in decisions to vation Officers (SHPOs) in each State issue surface coal mining permits, and Territory of the United States to and nominate properties to the National and history that have been nominated by State Historic Preservation Of- Register of Historic Places and to • Qualifying preservation projects carry out other preservation activi- ties .Federal grant assistance . ties . Federal Preservation Officers • ficers, Federal agencies, and oth- The Historic Sites Act of 1935 (Pub ( FPOs) have been designated in Fed- ers, and have been approved for lic Law 74-292) established the Na- eral agencies to nominate Federal Itional Historic Landmarks Survey. properties and to fulfill other respon- sibilities under the Act . For sale by the U .S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328 ISBN 0- 16-035899—X CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS This bulletin was prepared by The bulletin reflects the comments land, for their thoughtful and con- Preface i Linda F. McClelland, Architectural and suggestions of many individuals structive comments on an earlier Credits and Acknowledgments ii Historian, of the National Register from State historic preservation draft . Members of the National Regis- I Introduction 1 Branch, under the supervision of offices, Federal agencies, and preser- ter staff, Claudette Stager of the Ten- Carol D. Shull, Chief of Registration. vation organizations . Special appreci- nessee Department of Conservation, What is the National Register of Historic Places? 1 James Charleton of the History Divi- ation is extended to the members of and Barbara Powers of the Ohio His- What qualifies a property for listing? 1 sion helped prepare the chapter on the National Register Task Force of torical Society provided valuable What is the purpose of this bulletin? 1 documenting nationally significant the National Conference of State His- comments and assistance throughout Who may prepare a National Register nomination? 2 properties. Maureen P. Danaher, His- toric Preservation Officers the preparation of this bulletin. II. Getting Started 3 torian, National Register Branch, and (NCSHPO), chaired by Edward F. Rebecca Shrimpton provided edito- Sanderson, Deputy State Historic Where to Start 3 rial assistance. Preservation Officer for Rhode Is- Understanding the Basics 3 Gathering the Facts 4 Making the Case for Significance 4 • III. Completing the National Register Registration Form 6 General Instructions 6 1 . Name of Property 8 Historic Name 8 Other Names / Site Number 9 2 . Location 10 Street and Number 10 Guidelines for Entering Street and Number 10 Not for Publication 10 City or Town 10 Vicinity 10 State 11 County 11 Zip code 11 3 . State / Federal Agency Certification 12 4 . National Park Service Certification 13 5 . Classification 14 Ownership of Property 14 Category of Property 14 • Name of Related Multiple Property Listing 15 Number of Resources within Property 16 Number of Contributing Resources Previously Listed in the National Register 16 6 . Function or Use 18 Historic and Current Functions 18 Guidelines for Entering Functions 19 Data Categories 20 7 . Description 24 Architectural Classification 24 Guidelines for Architectural Classification 24 Data Categories 25 Materials 27 Data Categories 27 Guidelines for Entering Materials 27 Narrative Description 28 . Writing an Architectural Description 30 Guidelines for Describing Properties 31 8 . Statement of Significance 35 Applicable National Register Criteria 36 Criteria Considerations 36 National Register Criteria 37 Areas of Significance 38 Guidelines for Selecting Area of Significance 39 Data Categories 40 ii iii Period of Significance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Guidelines for Selecting the Periods of Significance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Significant Dates 43 Guidelines for Identifying Significant Dates 43 INTRODUCTION Significant Person 43 Guidelines for Entering Names of Significant Persons 43 I • Cultural Affiliation 44 Guidelines for Entering Cultural Affiliation 44 Architect / Builder 45 Guidelines for Entering Name of Architect / Builder 45 Narrative Statement of Significance 45 Significance may be found in four as- for determinations of eligibility for Summary Paragraph 45 WHAT IS THE pects of American history recognized listing. Supporting Paragraphs—History of Property 46 Writing a Statement of Significance 45 NATIONAL by the National Register Criteria : One registration form is completed for each entry in the National Regis- Guidelines for Evaluating and Stating Significance 47 REGISTER OF • Association with historic events ter. The entry may be a single prop- Supporting Paragraphs—Historic Context 50PLACES ? or activities, erty, such as a historic house or Guidelines for Developing Historic Context 51 HISTORIC Y p g Association with important per- bridge, or it may be a historic district 9 . Major Bibliographical References ,� 52 sons, containing many buildings, struc- The National Register is the official tures, sites, and objects . Registration Bibliography 52 g • Distinctive designphysical1 Federal list of districts, sites, build- g forms maybe submitted separately Guidelines for Bibliographical References 52 characteristics, or p Y Previous Documentation on File (NPS) 52 ings, structures, and objects signifi- or may be grouped within multiple Primary Location of Additional Data 53 cant in American history, architec- • Potential to provide important in- property submissions . 10. Geographical Data 54 ture, archeology, engineering, and formation about prehistory or his- Information on the National Regis- 10. culture. National Register properties tory. ter form has several purposes : Acreage of Property 54 have significance to the prehistory or UTM References 54 A property must meet at least one • Identifies and locates the historic history of their community, State, or of the criteria for listing. Integrity Guidelines for Entering UTM References 55 the Nation . The register is adminis- $ Y property, Verbal Bounda Description 55 must also be evident through historic rY P tered by the National Park Service. • Explains how it meets one or Guidelines for Verbal Boundary Description 58 Nominations for listing historic prop- qualities including location, design, more of the National Register cri- Boundary Justification 55 setting, materials, workmanship, feel- Guidelines for SelectingBoundaries 56 erties come from State Historic Pres- teria, and ervation Officers (SHPOs) and, for ing, and association . 11 . Form Prepared By 59 properties owned or controlled by Generally properties must be fifty • Makes the case for historic signifi- 12 . Additional Documentation 60 the United States Government, Fed- years of age or more to be considered cance and integrity . eral Preservation Officers (FPOs) . historic places. They must also be sig- The registration form must show Continuation Sheets 60 nificant when evaluated in relation Guidelines for Continuation Sheets 61 Properties are also determined eli- ship major or trends of history in that the property meets one of the Maps 61 gible for listing at the request of their community, four criteria . Even if a property ap- Geographical Map 61 SHPOs and Federal agencies . While State, or the nation . pears to qualify under several cri- Information about historic properties Guidelines for Geographical Ma s 63 SHPOs and FPOs nominate proper- term, only one needs to be docu- P and trends is organized, by theme, Sketch Map 61 • ties for National Register listing, pri- mented for listing. vate individuals and organizations, place, and time, into historic con- National Register documentation Guidelines for Sketch Maps 62 texts that can be used to weigh the g Photographs 63 local governments, and American In- historic significance and integrity of assists in preserving historic proper- Guidelines for Photographic Coverage 64 dian tribes often initiate the process ert .a ro ties by documenting their signifi- Additional Items 65 and prepare the necessary documen- property.y cance and by identifying the historic tation. A professional review board characteristics that give a property IV . Documenting Properties within Multiple Property Submissions 66 in each State considers each property WHAT IS THE historic significance and integrity. proposed for listing and makes a rec- This information can be used in edu- V. Documenting Nationally Significant Properties 68 ommendation on its eligibility. Corn- PURPOSE OF THIS eating the public about significant Guidelines for Documenting National Significance 70 munities havinga certified local his- historic properties and their reserva- BULLETIN ? p p p VI. AmendingNational Register Forms toric preservation program, called tion . g 71 Certified Local Governments (CLGs), Once a property has been listed in Guidelines for Amending Forms 71 also make recommendations to the This bulletin contains instructions the National Register, documenta- The Completed Form: The Hartstene Island Community Center 73 SHPO on the eligibility of properties for completing the National Register tion, in the form of written records I State Codes within their community. of Historic Places Registration Form and a computerized data base called Appendix (NPS 10-900) . Registration forms and the National Register Information Appendix II County Codes continuation sheets (NPS 10-900-a ) System (NRIS), becomes part of a na- Appendix III Federal Agency Codes WHAT QUALIFIES A are available from State historic pres- tional archive of information about Appendix IV Glossary of National Register Terms PROPERTY FOR ervation offices, Federal preservation significant historic properties in the Appendix V National Historic Landmarks Criteria offices, and the National Park Service . United States. Appendix VI Checklist for Describing Structures of Engineering or Industrial Significance LISTING ? The National Register Registration Appendix VII Instructions for Certifying Registration Forms Form is used to document historic Appendix VIII Instructions for Determining UTM References Properties listed in the National properties for nomination to the Na- Appendix IX Contacts p tional Register of Historic Places . It Appendix X List of National Register Bulletins Register of Historic Places possess pp g is also used to document properties historic significance and integrity. iv 1 tion Officer ( SHPO) in the State commercial buildings, churches, and WHO MAY where the property is located . Forms public buildings . Guidance on decid- PREPARE A for properties owned by the Federal ing whether a property has historic . N ATIONAL government are submitted to the Fed- significance and integrity can be eral Preservation Officer ( FPO) of the found in National Register Bulletin 15: II GETT I 1 G STARTED REGISTER agency responsible for the property. How to Apply the National Register Cri N OMINATION ? Anyone interested in having a prop- teria for Evaluation. A sample of a erty nominated to the National Regis- completed registration form begins ter should contact the SHPO or FPO on page 73 of this bulletin; National Any person or organization may to learn how nominations are pro- Register Bulletin 35: Casebook of Na- prepare a National Register nomina- cessed and how to get started . A list tional Register Nominations contains tion in the form of a completed regis- of SHPOs, FPOs, and other contacts additional examples . WHERE TO START eligibility , and sources appropri- historic property can help those conn- tration form. This includes property is found in Appendix IX. The SHPO ate for further research . pleting National Register forms.Additional National Register bulle- These concepts are briefly explained owners, public agencies , private in- can also inform applicants if their tins, which provide guidance on • Obtain guidance for registering below. National Register Bulletin 15: stitutions, local historical societies, communityis a Certified Local Gov- nominatingspecific types of proper- Before applicants begin to prepare special kinds of properties, for ex- 8 ernment ( LG ), which also has a role ties, are listed in A endix X and are a nomination, they should become fa- am le, moved buildings How to Apply the National Register Cri- local preservation commissions, localpp miliar with the registrationprocess p g teria for Evaluation contains a more de- planning offices, social or merchant in nominating properties to the Na- available from the SHPO, FPO, or the g structures, altered or deteriorated tailed explanation. A glossaryin Ap- pendix Register. National Register of Historic Places, and be aware of what information archeological sites, his- p i organizations, professional consul- g g has alreadybeengathered about the properties, g pendix IV defines other terms used in tants, college professors and their stu- Persons researching a historic prop- National Park Service, Interagency toric landscapes, traditional cul- this bulletin and the National Re s- for the first time maywish to Resources Division, U . S. Department property or its community. Appl- dents, special interest groups, or in- ertyp tural properties, properties ter program . consult National Register Bulletin 39: of the Interior, Post Office Box 37127, cants should first contact the State associated with important per- p g terested members of the general pub- 8 � p lic . Researching a Historic Property, which Washington, DC 20013-7127 . Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) sons, and maritime resources. Applicants submit completed provides helpful hints and sources for the State where the property is lo- (See Appendix X for a list of avail- DEFINITION OF HISTORIC forms to the State Historic Preserva- for documentinghistoric houses, cated (see Appendix IX for a list of able bulletins . ) SIGNIFICANCE these officials) . Members of the SHPO' s staff have professional exper- • Complete more complex items of Historic significance is the impor- tise and a strong knowledge of the the National Register form, such tance of a property to the history, ar- history of their State . They are will- as counts of contributing re- chitecture, archeology, engineering, ing to provide assistance throughout sources and UTM references . or culture of a community, State, or the nomination process . If the prop- SHPOs can also inform applicants the nation. It is achieved in several erty is owned by the U.S . govern- if the community where the property was: ment, applicants should contact the is located is a Certified Local Govern- Y Federal Preservation Officer (FPO) • Association with events, activi- ment (CLG ) and has a preservation of- for the agency responsible for the ficer who also can provide informs- ties, or patterns property. tion and assistance. • Association with important per- SHPOs and FPOs can help appli- SHPOs have an important role in sons cants : the nomination process . They review • Obtain National Register forms all documentation on the property, • Distinctive physical teris- g tics of design, construction, or and bulletins . schedule the property for consider- form • • Understand the and re- ation by the State review board, and q Understand for processianng prop- notify property owners and public of- • Potential to yield important infor- ertirees in their state or agency . facials of the meeting and proposed mation . nomination. The SHPO makes a case The complete National Register cri- • Learn if the property is already for or against eligibility at the board' s teria, including the criteria considera- protected by a local or State ordi- meeting, and, considering the lions for special kinds of properties, nance and whether it is listed in board' s opinion, makes the final deci- are listed on page 37 . In addition to the State or National Register, ei- sion to nominate the property for Na- the above criteria, significance is de- ther individually or as part of a tional Register listing. The SHPO fined by the area of history in which district. also comments on nominations and the property made important contri- • Obtain a copy of the survey form determinations of eligibility re- butions and by the period of time if the property has been docu quested by Federal agencies. when these contributions were made. mented in the statewide survey . • Learn how the property relates to UNDERSTANDING themes and historic contexts iden- THE BASICS tified as important in history, and obtain information about these that may be used in documenting Three key concepts—historic signif- the property . icance, historic integrity, and historic • Determine the most likely ways context—are used by the National the property may meet the Na - Register program to decide whether tional Register criteria, the infor- a property qualifies for listing. An mation needed to support understanding of what these con- cepts mean and how they relate to a 2 3 DEFINITION OF HISTORIC Historic integrity enables a prop- time in history. Newspapers and city take on greater or lesser importance . that have been widely recognized CONTEXT erty to illustrate significant aspects of directories may prove valuable for Properties of the same time and place and fully studied, such as a " text- its past. For this reason, it is an im- learning how many and what kinds can be compared to determine book " example of an architectural Properties are significant within the portant qualification for National of businesses existed at a particular whether their character and associa- style or the railroad depot that fos- context of prehistory or history. His- Register listing. Not only must a time in a town' s history and the role tions are unique, representative, or tered the suburbanization of many toric context is information about his- property resemble its historic appear- of a particular store, hotel, or sup- pivotal in illustrating the history of a American cities. For help in assess- toric trends and properties grouped ance, but it must also retain physical plier. community, State, or the nation . ing significance and integrity, consult by an important theme in the prehis- materials, design features, and as- First, consult reliable secondary It is easier to make the case for sig- the SHPO, FPO, or National Register tory or history of a community, State, pects of construction dating from the sources, such as published histories nificance when a property is associ- Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National or the nation during a particular pe- period when it attained significance . and biographies, theses and disserta- ated with historic themes or trends Register Criteria for Evaluation . Hod of time. The integrity of archeological re- tions, theme studies, and survey Because historic contexts are organ- sources is generally based on the de- forms. If these sources do not pro- ized by theme, place, and time, they gree to which remaining evidence vide basic facts about the property, link historic properties to important can provide important information . consult primary sources such as Applicants are ready to complete the registration form when they can historic trends. In this way they pro- All seven qualities do not need to be wills, deeds, census records, newspa answer the following questions: vide a framework for determining present for eligibility as long as the pers, maps and atlases, city directo- the significance of a property and its overall sense of past time and place is ries, diaries, and correspondence. eligibility for National Register list- evident. Persons documenting archeological • What was the property called at the time it was associated with the ing. A knowledge of historic contexts sites should also become familiar important events or persons, or took on the important physical char- allows applicants to understand a his- with related studies and literature acter that gave it importance? toric property as a product of its time GATHERING THE concerning the cultural group and pe- • How many buildings, structures, and other resources make up the and as an illustration of aspects of FACTS riod of occupation reflected by the property? heritage that may be unique, repre- site . sentative, or pivotal . Sources of contextual information • Does the property contain any archeological remains? To what pe- Themes often relate to the historic A person wishing to prepare a include published histories, studies riod , events, and activities do they relate? To what extent has their development of a community, such nomination needs a thorough of historic resources of a particular re- significance been evaluated? as commercial or industrial activities. knowledge of the property. By phys- gion or topic, and statements of his- • When was the property constructed and when did it attain its current They may relate to the occupation of ically inspecting the property and toric context developed for preserva- form? a prehistoric group, the rise of an ar- conducting historical research, appli - tion planning at the local, regional, or chitectural movement, the work of a cants can gather facts such as the State level . These contain informa- • What are the property' s historic characteristics? master architect, specific events or ac- physical characteristics of the prop- tion about the chronological develop- • What were the historical influences ( such as design, materials, style , tivities, or a pattern of physical devel- erty, date of construction, changes to ment of a community or region or function ) on the property' s appearance? opment that influenced the character the property over time, historic func- where the property is located or na- of a place at a particular time in his- tions and activities, association with tional trends that the property may • What changes have been made over time and when ? How have tory. It is within the larger picture of events and persons, and the role of be related to . For example, a study these affected its historic integrity ? a community's history that local sig- the property in the history of the corn- on the work of a well-known archi- • What is the current condition of the property, including the exterior, nificance becomes apparent . Simi- munity, State, or the nation . tect may be useful in determining the interior, grounds, and setting? larly State and national significance When gathering information, keep significant features of a public build- . How have archeological if any, been identified (e .g. through in become clear only when the property in mind how it will fit into the final ing done late in his career. How h survey) ?ere to whatalsites,extent and bywhat methods have sugh in- is seen in relationship to trends and form. The form, first of all, is a re- National Register Bulletin 39: Re- r- patterns of prehistory or history state- cord of the property at the time of list- searching A Historic Property has addi- face deposits been located ? wide or nationally. ing: giving its location, defining its tional guidance and a detailed list of • How was the property used historically and how is it used today ? boundaries, identifying its historic sources for research . DEFINITION OF HISTORIC characteristics, and describing its cur- • Who occupied or used the property historically? Did they individu - INTEGRITY rent condition . Second , it is a state- ally, or as a group, make any important contributions to history?ment of how the property qualifies MAKING THE CASE Who is the current owner? Historic integrity is the authentic- for National Register listing. Claims • During what period of prehistory or history was the property associ- it of aproperty' s historic identity, for historic significance and integrity FOR SIGNIFICANCE Y g g Y ated with important events, activities, or persons? evidenced by the survival of physical are supported in the form by facts • of National criteria apply to the property? In characteristics that existed during the about the property. These facts link Facts, such as date of construction, whatWhich areas theo prehistoryationalRegister or history is the property to th significant? property's prehistoric or historic pe- the property to one or more of the early owners or occupants, functions, riod . four National Register criteria , on and activities, not only verify the • How does the property relate to the history of the community where Historic integrity is the composite one hand , and to the history of its property' s history, but also place the it is located ? of seven qualities : community, State, or the nation, on property in a particular time, place, • How does the property illustrate any themes or trends important to • location the other. and course of events . With this infor- the history of its community, State, or the nation? Early ideas about how a property mation, applicants can relate the • design meets the National Register criteria property to patterns of history that • How large is the property, where is it located, and what are its bound- • setting can lead applicants to particular extend beyond the doorstep or imme- aries? sources and types of information that diate neighborhood . From this per- • materials may be more useful than others. For spective, applicants can begin to sort • workmanship example, historic photographs pro- out the facts that give the property its vide valuable documentary evidence historic identity and significance. • feeling of the stylistic character and architec- Certain events, associations, or physi- • association tural form of a property at a given cal characteristics of the property will 4 5 • ,11 provide a template of the National TYPES OF INFORMATION MAPS AND Register form that can be used with a REQUIRED ON THE FORM PHOTOGRAPHS variety of personal computers (IBM- DOS compatible) and word process- Carefully follow the directions Additional documentation in the IIICOM P L E T I N G THE ing software . Applicants should item by item . Items on the registra- form of photographs, a United States • check with the SHPO or FPO before tion form are diverse . Many items Geological Survey (USGS) map, and, using a computer-generated form . correspond to NRIS data elements for districts, a site plan or sketch map NATIONAL REGISTER and require brief facts about the prop- must accompany completed National NATIONAL REGISTER erty, such as historic name, or require Register forms . TERMS an "x" in applicable boxes . Other ISTRATIO R items call for categories selected fromHOW TO ENTER REGN O M Certain conventions and terms are lists used in the NRIS or for narrative used for documenting National Reg- statements . Some items apply only INFORMATION ister properties. Although there may to special kinds of property, such as Complete all items accurately and be other ways to classify resources, buildings or archeological sites . thoroughly. Narrative statements describe functions or architectural in- Where the length of an entry in the should be concise and well-organ- NRIS is limited, the instructions note "not or state the significance ofized . Enter "N / A" for applica- GENERAL if they meet certain requirements . OMB approval number (appearing at properties, the standardized terrain- the maximum number of characters ble" for any item where the informa- The must list in order all items as the topof the National Park Service that should be entered for a number. Y ology and approaches adopted by tion requested is not relevant to the The number of entries that can be INSTRUCTIONS they appear on the National Register form) . Forms must be printed with a the National Register program en- property being documented . ( Do form . Theymust also contain the letter-quality printer on archival placed in the NRIS for a certain item „ in q Y sure nationwide consistency of Na not, however, put N / A in each box form number (NPS 10-900 ) and the paper. The National Park Service can tional Register records. Theyalso maybe limited . In most cases, addi- or line within an item . ) Use continua Complete each section of the form g tional entries will be retained in the according to the instructions in this I make the data in the National Regis National Register files; they will not tion sheets for additional information p g chapter. The instructions are organ- NPS Form ,6-SooOct 1990) OMB No. 100240016 • ter Information System (NRIS) more be entered in the computerized data and narrative statements (see page ized bythe number and name of useful . Definitions of these terms \ 60) . United States Department of the Interior base . each section on the National Register National Park Service and explanations of how they are Registration Form (NPS 10-900) . The National Register of Historic Places used occur throughout the instruc- instructions for each section include Registration Form tions. A glossary of National Regis USING LANGUAGES ter terms can be found in Appendix IV. OTHER THAN ENGLISH a reproduction of the section as it ap- THIS terms tor use in nominatingrequesting determinations for individuali ��or r qu g progenies and districts. See instructions in How to Complete the pears on the form, basic directions National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, Summary paragraphs in the narra- for completing each itemith architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional P g w one or entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all Items. itive description and statement of sig- more examples, and guidelines for 1 . Name of Property nificance may be written in Ian- special cases . Lists of data categories guages other than English . This is and special examples are presented historic name recommended for properties in corn- in sidebars and charts. Additional in- other names/site number _ munities where Spanish or other lan- formation and sources are provided 2. Location in the appendices. guages are commonly spoken. Pro street & number 0 not for publication vide translations of the summaries city or town ❑ vicinity ' • and all other information in English. , CORRECTIONS AND PHOTOCOPIES state code county code zip code 3. State/Federal Agency Certification Use a typewriter, word processor, As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this ❑ nomination or computer to complete the form. ❑ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property Written notes or corrections will not ❑ meets ❑ does not meet the National Register criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant ❑ nationally ❑ statewide ❑ locally. ( ❑ See continuation sheet for additional comments.) be accepted . Also not accepted are corrections made with tapes, pastes, Signature of certifying official/Title Date or fluids . To make minor corrections, State or Federal agency and bureau • type them clearly on the original (using tape, paste, or fluid ), and then In my opinion, the property ❑ meets ❑ does not meet the National Register criteria. (❑ See continuation sheet for additional comments.) submit a photocopy of the corrected page on archival paper. Any photo- Signature of certifying official/Title Date '.. copies submitted with National Reg- State or Federal agency and bureau ister forms must have permanent ink that will not rub off or imprint on ad - 4. National Park Service Certification I hereby certify that the properly is-. Signature of the Keeper Date of Action jacent pages . j' (7 ❑ entered in the National Register. ❑ See continuation sheet. ❑ determined eligible for the • National Register COMPUTER- GENERATED ❑ See continuation sheet. ❑ determined not eligible for the FORMSNational Register. ❑ removed from the National Register. Li Computer-generated forms may other, (explain:) be used in place of the National Park Service form and continuation sheet 6 7 PROPERTIES WITHOUT EXAMPLES OF HISTORIC NAMES HISTORIC NAMES 1 . NAME OF PROPERTY If a property does not have ahis- The historic name' is generally the name associated with the significance of the property. Historic names fall into several categories: toric name, enter "N/A," and follow the instructions for Other Name Used A. Original owner or builder As Historic Name. 1 . Name of Property Decatur, Stephen, House Hadley Falls Company Housing District OTHER historic name B . Significant persons or events associated with the property Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, House NAMES / SITE other names/site number NUMBER Hammond-Harwood House American Flag Raising Site Enter the names of well-known per- Mystic Townsite Historic District Columbus Landing NAME Site Enter any other names by which sons as they are listed in the Dictio- Florence Townsite Historic District nary of American Biography. Snake Valley ArcheologicalQuilcene-Quinault Battleground Site the woperty has been commonly Enter the name that best reflects District g known on the line provided . Also the property's historic importance or Willard, Emma Hart • C . Original or later significant uses of the property enter the site number, if one has been was commonlyused for the property Burke's Garden Rural Historic assigned to the property. Separate p p Y Great Falls Portage the entries with semicolons 0 . List during the period of significance. Douglass, Frederick District Lithia Park additional names on a continuation Enter only one name. Do not exceed Delaware Aqueduct sheet . 120 characters, including 120 characters, including spaces and If a property is significant for more Faneuil Hall punctuation . List additional historic than one person, choose the most NAMING United States Post Office—Main Branch spaces and punctuation, can be en names under Other Names Site Num- prominent . If thepersons are equally ARCHEOLOGICAL tered in the NRIS. / q Y Warren County Courthouse ber. important, include as many names as PROPERTIES Louisiana State Capitol The term "property" refers to the appropriate but do not exceed 120 Cathedral of the Madeleine (Roman Catholic ) DEFINITIONS OF OTHER entire geographic area being nomi- characters for the entry. A property Name archeological sites and dis- Lexington Courthouse Square Historic District NAME AND SITE NUMBER nated or considered for eligibility. It maybe named for both the husband tricts by historic or traditional g tY Fort Worth Stockyards Historic District may be an individual building, site, and wife who owned it . If there is names . Hohokam Platform Mound Communities "Other names" may reflect the structure, or object, or it may be a dis- not enough space for both names, If an archeological property does property' s history, current owner- trict comprising a variety of build- choose the most prominent person's not have a historic or traditional D . Location ship, or popular use and may or may ings, sites, structures, or objects. Prop- name or eliminate the first names al- name, enter "N / A" and list, under House at 21 Main Street not fall into the categories given for erties may be named for persons, together. Other Names/Site Number, the site Texarkana Archeological District historic names. Site numbers are events, characteristics, functions, or number or a name derived from cur- South Lima Township Historic District sometimes assigned to properties, es- historic associations. Archeological Chestnut, GeneralJames and rent ownership, an aspect of cultural g E. Innovative or unusual characteristics pecially archeological sites, by a State sites are commonlyreferred to bysite Mary, House significance, location, or geographic features . Identifythe number or or local government or Federal numbers, but may be given other Lucy, the Margate Elephant agency for identification . names as well . National Register or name to be used in National Register Fireproof Building files, Federal Register, National Regis- records by adding " ( preferred)" after • Manuka Bay Petroglyphs ter Information System (NRIS), and Chestnut House the entry. 1767 Milestones OTHER NAME USED AS any publications will refer to the Whipple Cast and Wrought-Iron Bowstring Truss Bridge HISTORIC NAME property by the historic name . The NAMING DISTRICTS AK 43287 (preferred) Moselle Iron Furnace Stack historic name is preferred for general If a property does not have a his- reference because it continues to be Use traditional terms such as "vil- PROPERTIES WITH Cast Iron Historic District the name or site number that should meaningful regardless of changes in Painted Cliffs Archeological District lage," "ranch," "courthouse square," COMMON NAMES be used for the property in National ownership or use and most often re- p p y or twnsite, or the generic terms F. Accepted professional, scientific, technical, or traditional names Register records and publications . lates to the reasons the property is eli- "historic district" or "archeological Differentiate properties with com- Use this name throughout the form gible for National Register listing. district," to indicate the kind of dis- mon names by numbering them or Wright II Archeological Site g trict when naming districts based on adding the location to the name . Lehner Mammoth Kill Site and explain in section 8 why it is pre- USING Breeder Reactor # 1 ferred . USING NAMES OF their location or historic ownership . P PERSONS Modifiers such as "prehistoric," United States Post Office— Trinity Site "commercial," "civic," "rural," "in- Walnut Street Branch Parting Ways Archeological District When the name of a person is used dustrial," or "residential" may also Monticello to identify a property, use the follow- be used to define the predominant World War 11 Japanese Vieux Carre Historic District ing format: last name, first name, historic quality of a district. Names Fortification—Site 2 Kawaewae Heiau and building type. of historic and archeological districts Barrio de Analco should reflect the area as a whole Spade Ranch Bennett, John, House rather than specific resources within it . 8 y 2 . LOCATION STATE COUNTY ZIP CODE Enter the name and two- letter Enter the name and code of the Enter the postal zip code for the postal code of the State or Territory county, parish, district, or equiva- area being registered . Use a continu - where the property is located . Codes lent area where the property is to ation sheet for any additional zip are given in Appendix I. Use a contin- cated . County codes are given in Ap- codes. 2 . Location uation sheet for any additional pendix II . Use a continuation sheet names and codes . for any additional names and codes . street & number not for publication city or town vicinity state code county code zip code STREET AND Use abbreviations to save space if Park Service will withhold informa- NUMB ER necessary, for example, "SR" for State tion about the location and character route, "Jct" for junction or intersec- of the property from the general pub- tion, "N" for north, and "mi" for mile. lic . The Federal Register will indicate Enter the name and number of the "Address Restricted " and give the street or road where the property is nearest city or town as the property' s located. Do not exceed 120 charac- ters, NOT FOR location (see instructions for Vicinity). including spaces and punctua- PUBLICATION The NRIS will also refer to the loca- tion . This information will also be tion this way. Further, the National used for publication in the Federal Park Service will exclude this infor- Mark "x " in the boxes for both mation from any copies of documen- Register. Do not enter rural postal "not for publication " and " vicinity" tation requested by the public. routes (RFD) . to indicate that a property needs cer- Enter "N/A " if there is no reason 120 Commerce Street tain protection. To protect fragile to restrict information about the properties, particularly those subject property. to looting and vandalism, the National Any information about the loca- tion, boundaries, or character of a GUIDELINES FOR ENTERING STREET AND NUMBER shld property compiledt onb restricted should be compiled one or more continuation sheets. On the same • If the road has a highway route number rather than a name, enter sheet, explain the reasons for restrict- the highway number and indicate whether it is a Federal, State, ing the information. county, or town road . For further information, refer to SR 2309 National Register Bulletin 29: Guide- • lines for Restricting Information About • If a property does not have a specific address, give the names of the Historic and Prehistoric Resources . nearest roads. Describe, if possible, the property' s relationship to the roads . 1 mi. w. of jct. US 1 and Middletown Rd . CITY OR TOWN • For districts, enter either the inclusive street address numbers for all buildings and structures or a rough description of the boundaries . Enter the name of the city or town 12 - 157 Main St. , 380 Frost St. , and 20- 125 Oak St. where the property is located . For properties outside the boundaries of Roughly bounded by Smithfield Lake, North and Lowell Avenues, a city or town, follow the instructions and Interstate 73 for Vicinity . Eight blocks in downtown Huntersville centered around University Square VICINITY • For federally owned properties, also enter the name of the district, forest, reserve, or other organizational division identifying the loca- tion of the property . For a property located outside the boundaries of a city or town (or Targhee National Forest where the address is restricted ), mark • For properties within the National Park system, also enter the name "x" in the box, and enter the name of the park, and place the parks's alphabetic code in parentheses . of the nearest city or town found on Mammoth Cave National Park (MACA) the USGS map in the blank for "city or town . " Enter "N / A" for other properties. 10 11 • • 3 . STATE / FEDERAL AGENCY 4 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE . CERTIFICATION CERTIFICATION 3 . State/ Federal Agency Certification 4 . National Park Service Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act , as amended , I hereby certify that this ❑ nomination I hereby certify that the property is : Signature of the Keeper Date of Action ❑ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60 . In my opinion , the property n entered in the National Register . meets 1 does not meet the National Register criteria . I recommend that this property be considered significant See continuation sheet . ❑ nationally ❑ statewide ❑ locally . ( ❑ See continuation sheet for additional comments .) determined eligible for the National Register 1 I See continuation sheet . Signature of certifying official/Title Date �J determined not eligible for the National Register . ❑ removed from the National State or Federal agency and bureau Register . ❑ other , (explain : ) In my opinion , the property ❑ meets ❑ does not meet the National Register criteria . ( ❑ See continuation sheet for additional comments .) Signature of certifying official/ Title Date The National Park Service com - State or Federal agency and bureau pletes this section . SHPOs and FPOs complete this section . Instructions can be found in Appendix VII. • • 12 i ; 5 . CLAS S IFICATION NATIONAL REGISTER PROPERTY AND RESOURCE TYPES Type Definition Examples BUILDING A building, such as a house, barn, church, houses, barns, stables, sheds, garages, court- hotel, or similar construction, is created princi- houses, city halls, social halls, commercial 5 . Classification pally to shelter any form of human activity . buildings, libraries, factories, mills, train de- "Building" may also be used to refer to a histor- pots, stationary mobile homes, hotels, theaters, Ownership of Property Category of Property Number of Resources within Property (Check as many boxes as apply) (Check only one box) ( Do not include previously listed resources in the count . ) ically and functionally related unit, such as a schools, stores, and churches . courthouse and jail or a house and barn . ❑ private ❑ building(s) Contributing Noncontributing - ❑ public- local ❑ district SITE A site is the location of a significant event, a habitation sites, funerary sites, rock shelters, vil- public- State ❑ site - buildings prehistoric or historic occupation or activity, or lage sites, hunting and fishing sites, ceremonial IT public- Federal ❑ structure sites a building or structure, whether standing, ru- sites, petroglyphs, rock carvings, gardens, ❑ object fined , or vanished, where the location itself pos- grounds, battlefields, ruins of historic buildings structures sesses historic, cultural, or archeological value and structures, campsites, sites of treaty sign- regardless of the value of any existing structure . ings, trails, areas of land , shipwrecks, cemeter- . objects ies, designed landscapes, and natural features, Total such as springs and rock formations, and land areas having cultural significance . Name of related multiple property listing Number of contributing resources previously listed ( Enter ' N /A " if property is not part of a multiple property listing . ) in the National Register STRUCTURE The term "structure" is used to distinguish bridges, tunnels, gold dredges, firetowers, ca- from buildings those functional constructions nals, turbines, dams, power plants, corncribs, made usually for purposes other than creating silos, roadways, shot towers, windmills, grain human shelter. elevators, kilns, mounds, cairns, palisade fortifi- OWNERSHIP OF ganized body such as a church , CATEGORY OF cations, earthworks, railroad grades, systems of corporation, or Indian tribe . roadways and paths, boats and ships, railroad PROPERTY Public-local: Property owned by a PROPERTY locomotives and cars, telescopes, carousels, local government such as a mu- bandstands, gazebos, and aircraft . Mark "x" in all boxes that apply to nicipality or county . Mark "x" in the box for the kind indicate ownership . of ro er documented : build- OBJECT The term "object" is used to distinguish from sculpture, monuments, boundary markers, stat- Public-State : Property owned by property ty being buildings and structures those constructions uary , and fountains . the State government. ing, district, site, structure, or object. that are primarily artistic in nature or are rela- Private: Property owned by an in- Mark only one box. See National Reg tively small in scale and simply constructed . Al - by group of people, or or- Public-Federal: Property owned ister Property and Resource Types on though it may be, by nature or design, by the U .S . government. page 15 for definitions and examples. movable, an object is associated with a specific setting or environment . I . pia'! jf 1 I . PROPERTIES CONTAINING • DISTRICT A districtpossesses a significant concentration, college campuses; central business districts; res- f 1 MORE THAN ONE g f ' t ;� linkage, or continuity of sites, buildings, struc- idential areas; commercial areas; large forts; in- YL� it; RESOURCE ., �, �> ;� _ � ; tures, or objects united historically or aestheti- dustrial complexes; civic centers; rural villages; s �►%, ; a,.� r "- 7- r : t . I �e cally by plan or physical development . canal systems; collections of habitation and lim- t � > �.. ' Classify a property having a main t � i i u i fin l ' ited activitysites; irrigation systems; large is ' 114 f� , _ resource and a small number of re- g y g ` 'r Y , "'' ` ; r. lated secondaryresources bythe farms, ranches, estates, or plantations; transpor- ,/ 1 / ' ,- �� ize, d: s s main resource. tation networks; and large landscaped parks . ; 1I fP: n, t! •71, 4,. House, garage, and barn 4. r. ,; » 4 ; = Building (for house) Lighthouse with attached keeper's A district may also contain individ- NAME OF RELATED ff ' �MI _ 'f house = Structure ual resources that although linked by MULTIPLE I If °I ® rt {,� , Al ;� City park with small fountain association or function were sepa- _� � i ' = Site (for park) House with attached garage rated geographically during the pea PROPERTY LISTING c = Building Hod of significance, such as dis- - _ �^-= " t Lighthouse, keeper's house, and oil contiguous archeological sites or a -fa shed = Structure (for lighthouse) District applies to properties hay- canal system with manmade seg- Enter the name of the multiple ing: ments interconnected by natural bod - property listingif the property is R P p h' P P h' . Outdoor sculpture with low wall ies of water. A district may contain being nominated as part of a multi- _ �„� _ _ - - • a number of resources that are rel- discontiguous elements onlywhere le property submission. This name 4 Y = Object (for sculpture) atively equal in importance, such g p p p �' as a neighborhood, or the historic interrelationship of a appears on the multiple property doc- Similarly, if two or more resources group of resources does not depend umentation form (NPS 10- 900-b) . In- The Barnard Park Historic District, Fremont, Dodge County, Nebraska, contains 187 upper are attached, classify them by the • large acreage with a variety of re- on visual continuity and physical structions for preparing multiple and middle class homes constructed between 1870 and 1929 . It typifies the early development most important resource. sources, such as a large farm , es- proximity (see page 57 for further ex- property submissions are found in of residential neighboorhoods in small towns on the Great Plains. (Joni Gilkerson) . tate, or parkway. planation ) . Chapter IV and in National Register Bulletin 16B: How to Complete the Na- 14 ; 15 • it was present during the period of significance, relates to the doc- RULES FOR COUNTING RESOURCES umented significance of the prop- erty, and possesses historic • Count all buildings, structures, sites, and objects located within the r i integrity or is capable of yielding property' s boundaries that are substantial in size and scale . Do not important information about the c meu , uh sheds or grave mar , unless 11 period ; or theyount stroninorglyr contribute sorcess toc theas prosmallperty's historic significance .kers • it independently meets the Na- • Count a building or structure with attached ancillary structures, cov - ,�>: tional Register criteria . (Identif !7- - g y ered walkways, and additions as a single unit unless the attachment contributing resources of this was originally constructed as a separate building or structure and — _ :� s+. A type and explain their signifi - later connected .ti ; ; , .. _ \�� y cance in section 8 ) . a 1 • Count rowhouses individually, even though attached .. k ' fis � . � / �: .� A noncontributing building, site • Do not count interiors, facades, or artwork separately from the build- LL, �� `res," * -Y t �-, structure, or object does not add to ing or structure of which they are a part . _vies F4L • .- x �1kT- , k * * '- the historic architectural qualities, his- " sites" 'r ` ` Ito; L` , v ;: - J `� «' r. _-' toric associations, or archeological • Count gardens, parks, vacant lots, or open spaces as only if - i tj'; 14 , values for which a property is signifi- they contribute to the significance of the property . Vii t i F -- ,AAA "-ea , - cant because : • Count a continuous site as a single unit regardless of its size or corn- • it was not present during the pe- plexity. ` ` "' ` '^ nod of significance or does not re- 4 • Count separate areas of a discontiguous archeological district as sepa late to the documented , rate sites . significance of the property; • Do not count ruins separately from the site of which they are a part . It • due to alterations, disturbances, additions, or other changes, it no • Do not count landscape features, such as fences and paths, separately longer possesses historic integrity from the site of which they are a part unless they are particularly im- This limepot is one of many contributing archeological sites in Burke 's Garden Rural Historic or is capable of yielding impor- portant or large in size and scale, such as a statue by a well-known District, in Tazewell County, Virginia . The site contains evidence of the industrial activities tant information about the pe- I sculptor or an extensive system of irrigation ditches . that took place during the area's early settlement . (Virginia Department of Historic Resources) riod ; or If a group of resources, such as backyard sheds in a residential district, tional Register Multiple Property Docu- erty . (See Determining Contribut- • it does not independently meet was not identified during a site inspection and cannot be included in mentation Form . Check with the ing and Noncontributing Resources the National Register criteria . the count, state that this is the case and explain why in the narrative for SHPO or FPO for further information below . ) section 7. about multiple property listings. For additional guidance, contact the SHPO or refer to National Register Enter "N / A" for other properties. • Count the contributing and non- NUMBER OF Bulletin 14: Guidelines for Counting Resources . contributing resources in each cat - egory . (See Rules for Counting NUMBER OF Resources on page 17) . RESOURCES RESOURCES DETERMINING PREVIOUSLY EXAMPLES OF RESOURCE COUNTS WITHIN PROPERTY CONTRIBUTING AND LISTED IN THE NONCONTRIBUTING NATIONAL A row of townhouses containing 12 units = 12 contributing buildings Enter the number of resources that RESOURCES REGISTER A train station consisting of a depot with an attached = one contributing building make up the property in each cate - system of canopies, platforms, tunnels, and waiting gory. Count contributing resources The physical characteristics and his- rooms separately from noncontributing toric significance of the overall prop- Enter the number of any contribut- ones. Total each column . Do not in- erty provide the basis for evaluating ing resources already listed in the A firetower consisting of a tower and attached = one contributing structure elude in the count any resources al- component resources . Relate informa- National Register. This includes pre- ranger' s dwelling ready listed in the National Register. tion about each resource, such as viously listed National Register prop- Completing this item entails three date, function, associations, informa - erties, National Historic Landmarks, A church adjoined by a historically associated ceme- = one contributing building or one contributing site steps: Hon potential , and physical character- and historic units of the National tery istics, to the significance of the over- Park system. • Classify each resource by cate- A district consisting of 267 residences, five carriage = 275 contributing buildings, one contributing structure, gory: building, site, structure, or all property to determine whether or If no resources are already listed, object . (See National Register Prop- not the resource contributes. enter "N / A ." houses, three privies of a significant type, a small land - one contributing site, and 58 noncontributing build- A contributing building, site, struc- scaped park, and a bridge built during the district' s ings . The sheds are not counted . erty and Resource Types on page ture, or object adds to the historic For the nomination of a district with 5 period of significance plus 35 houses, 23 garages, and 15 . ) as- sociations, historic architectural quali - previously listed buildings, enter "5. " an undetermined number of sheds built after the pe- • Determine whether each resource ties, or archeological values for Fora district being enlarged from 26 nod of significance does or does not contribute to the which a property is significant be- buildings to 48, enter "26 . " An archeological district consisting of the ruins of one = one contributing site, one contributing structure, and historic significance of the prop- cause : pueblo, a network of historic irrigation canals, and a one noncontributing building modern electric substation 16 1 a ti GUIDELINES FOR ENTERING FUNCTIONS 6 . FUNCTION OR USE GENERAL • Enter the most specific category and subcategory . For example, "EDUCATION / education-related housing" rather than "DOMESTIC / institutional housing" for a college dormitory . 6 . Function or Use • If no subcategory applies, enter the general category by itself. If, in addition, none of the general categories re- lates to the property's function, enter "OTHER : " and an appropriate term for the function . Historic Functions Current Functions ( Enter categories from instructions) (Enter categories from instructions) • For properties with many functions, such as a farm, list only the principal or predominant ones, placing the most important first . • For districts, enter the functions applying to the district as a whole, such as DOMESTIC / village site or EDU- CATION / college. • For districts, also enter the functions of buildings, sites, structures, and objects that are : 1 . of outstanding importance to the district, such as a county courthouse in a commercial center (GOVERNMENT / county courthouse) or, 2 . present in substantial numbers, such as apartment buildings in a residential district (DOMESTIC / multiple dwelling) or storage pits in a village site (TRADE / trade) . • For districts containing resources having different functions and relatively equal importance, such as a group of public buildings whose functions are GOVERNMENT / city hall, GOVERNMENT / courthouse, and GOV- ERNMENT / post office . HISTORIC AND HISTORIC FUNCTIONS CURRENT • Enter functions for contributing resources only . FUNCTIONS 1. • Select functions that relate directly to the property' s significance and occurred during the period of signifi- cance (see Period of Significance on page 42 ) . • From the list, Data Categories for - ' r • Enter functions for extant resources only. Functions and Uses, on pages 20 to 23, i , i ( , • Enter only functions that can be verified by research, testing, or examination of physical evidence . select one or more category and sub- r `o . i3 kir t , ,�`I category that most accurately de- Fiii • Enter functions related to the property itself, not to the occupation of associated persons or role of associated scribe the property's principal func- events . For example, the home of a prominent doctor is DOMESTIC / single dwelling" not "HEALTH tions. Enter one category and sub- ill CARE / medical office" unless the office was at home (in which case, list both functions ) . category in each blank on the form . CURRENT FUNCTIONS Use a continuation sheet, if addi- t . tional space is needed . For categories • Enter functions for both contributing and noncontributing resources . with several names, such as COM- ! MERCE / TRADE, enter the one that I , : _ • For properties undergoing rehabilitation, restoration, or adaptive reuse, enter "WORK IN PROGRESS" in�, ii ad- best relates to the property. r s dition to any functions that are current or anticipated upon completion of the work . DOMESTIC/single dwelling 1 _ _ _ 1 = House - - ' CO MMERCEIfinancial = Bank k,Aro TRADE/trade = Prehistoric storage pit . , a., ^ �. ve, RELIGION/religious facility . f ,- ' .� , 0' . . , I . . t�W "7 '' = Church or temple Functions and uses often change . Built as the Stockgrowers Bank in 1916, this building in DOMESTIC/hotel and Carbon County, Wyoming, became the Dixon Town Hall in 1975. By serving the region 's COMMERCE/restaurant farmers and ranchers from 1916 to 1923, the bank played an important role in fostering the fnm- = Inn, hotel, or way station providing tier town 's development . (Richard Collier) both lodging and meals 18 ly DATA CATEGORIES FOR FUNCTIONS AND USES CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY EXAMPLES EDUCATION school schoolhouse, academy, secondary school, grammar school, CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY EXAMPLES trade or technical school DOMESTIC single dwelling rowhouse, mansion, residence, rockshelter, homestead, cave college university, college, junior college multiple dwelling duplex, apartment building, pueblo, rockshelter, cave library library secondary structure dairy, smokehouse, storage pit, storage shed , kitchen, garage, research facility laboratory, observatory, planetarium other dependencies education-related college dormitory, housing at boarding schools hotel inn, hotel, motel, way station • ' RELIGION religious facility church, temple, synagogue, cathedral, mission, temple, institutional housing military quarters, staff housing, poor house, orphanage mound, sweathouse, kiva, dance court, shrine camp hunting campsite, fishing camp, summer camp, forestry camp, ceremonial site astronomical observation post, intaglio, petroglyph site seasonal residence, temporary habitation site, tipi rings church school religious academy or schools village site pueblo group church-related residence parsonage, convent, rectory COMMERCE/TRADE business office building FUNERARY cemetery burying ground , burial site, cemetery, ossuary professional architect's studio, engineering office, law office graves /burials burial cache, burial mound , grave organizational trade union, labor union, professional association mortuary mortuary site, funeral home, cremation area, crematorium financial institution savings and loan association, bank, stock exchange RECREATION AND theater cinema, movie theater, playhouse specialty store auto showroom, bakery, clothing store, blacksmith shop, hard- CULTURE ware store auditorium hall, auditorium department store general store, department store, marketplace, trading post museum museum, art gallery, exhibition hall restaurant cafe, bar, roadhouse, tavern 1 music facility concert-hall , opera house, bandstand, dancehall warehouse warehouse, commercial storage sports facility gymnasium, swimming pool , tennis court, playing field , stadium trade (archeology) cache, site with evidence of trade, storage pit _ _ outdoor recreation park, campground , picnic area, hiking trail SOCIAL meeting hall grange; union hall; Pioneer hall; hall of other fraternal, patri , otic, or political organization fair amusement park, county fairground clubhouse facility of literary, social , or garden club monument / marker commemorative marker, commemorative monument civic facility of volunteer or public service organizations such as the work of art sculpture, carving, statue, mural, rock art American Red Cross AGRICULTURE/ processing meatpacking plant, cannery, smokehouse, brewery, winery, GOVERNMENT capitol statehouse, assembly building SUBSISTENCE food processing site, gathering site, tobacco barn city hall city hall , town hall storage granary, silo, wine cellar, storage site, tobacco warehouse, correctional facility police station, jail, prison cotton warehouse fire station firehouse agricultural field pasture, vineyard, orchard , wheatfield, crop marks, stone alignments, terrace, hedgerow government office municipal building animal facility hunting & kill site, stockyard , barn, chicken coop, hunting diplomatic building embassy, consulate corral , hunting run, apiary custom house custom house . fishing facility or site fish hatchery, fishing grounds post office post office horticultural facility greenhouse, plant observatory, garden public works electric generating plant, sewer system agricultural outbuilding wellhouse, wagon shed , tool shed, barn courthouse county courthouse, Federal courthouse irrigation facility irrigation system, canals, stone alignments, headgates, check dams 20 21 CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY EXAMPLES CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY EXAMPLES INDUSTRY/ manufacturing facility mill , factory, refinery, processing plant, pottery kiln TRANSPORTATION rail -related railroad, train depot, locomotive, streetcar line, railroad bridge PROCESSING/ EXTRACTION extractive facility coal mine, oil derrick, gold dredge, quarry, salt mine air-related aircraft, airplane hangar, airport, launching site waterworks reservoir, water tower, canal, dam water-related lighthouse, navigational aid, canal, boat, ship, wharf, ship- wreck energy facility windmill, power plant, hydroelectric dam road-related (vehicular) parkway, highway, bridge, toll gate, parking garage communications facility telegraph cable station, printing plant, television station, tele- phone company facility, satellite tracking station pedestrian-related boardwalk, walkway, trail processing site shell processing site, toolmaking site, copper mining and pro- WORK IN PROGRESS (use this category when work is in progress) cessing site UNKNOWN industrial storage warehouse VACANT/NOT IN USE (use this category when property is not being used ) HEALTH CARE hospital veteran's medical center, mental hospital, private or publics hospital, medical research facility OTHER clinic dispensary, doctor' s office sanitarium nursing home, rest home, sanitarium medical business / office pharmacy, medical supply store, doctor or dentist' s office resort baths, spas, resort facility j DEFENSE arms storage magazine, armory fortification fortified military or naval post, earth fortified village, pali- --/ saded village, fortified knoll or mountain top, battery, bunker . f' ' , f , � ' h ' / military facility military post, supply depot, garrison fort, barrack, military - A r • 0 101 ; tN ; , 4 . camp r . / 0 r ; � i NO 0 4k l battle site battlefield � � / % / I 11 k• tk • 1101 ' 1 , coast guard facility lighthouse, coast guard station, pier, dock, life-saving station ` ` H . il I i s I i I ` i ;• 4 ail naval facility submarine, aircraft carrier, battleship, naval base , �' / ■ r " ''". ' � * ; � air facility aircraft, air base, missile launching site _ _ -...., �� / 1 i , ,. -= LANDSCAPEparkinglot s 4 L park city park, State park, national park -- r • 1 - plaza square, green, plaza, public common ® ; II M Gam I garden _ ,�► , i !t g ' °t S forest - $ - ( . y i s i11 .- • �.: unoccupied land meadow, swamp, desert ' _ • F _ — t r - - L ` - underwater underwater site - - - - — - � :, elf , :p'`` --- . natural feature mountain, valley, promontory, tree, river, island , pond , lake The Tampa City Hall (1914), Hillsborough County, Florida, was designed by Bon Frey and Eli- street furniture / object street light, fence, wall , shelter, gazebo, park bench ott, the city's foremost architectural firm in the 20th century . It reflects the influence of both Beaux Arts Classicism and the Commercial Style. ( Walter Smalling, Jr. ) conservation area wildlife refuge, ecological habitat 22 ' 3 DATA CATEGORIES FOR ARCHITECTURAL CLASSIFICATION 7 . DESCRIPTION The following list has been adapted from American Architecture Since 1780: A Guide to Architectural Styles by Marcus Whiffen; Identifying American Architecture by John J . G . Blumenson; What Style Is It ? by John Poppeliers, S. Allen Cham- bers, and Nancy B . Schwartz; and A Field Guide to American Houses by Virginia and Lee McAlester. The categories appearing in capital letters in the far left column, relate to the general stylistic periods of American ar- 7 . Description chitecture. The subcategories, appearing in the indented left column, relate to the specific styles or stylistic influences that occurred in each period . The right column lists other commonly used terms . From the two left columns, select the Architectural Classification Materials E categories or subcategories that most closely relate to the period and stylistic character of the property. ( Enter categories from instructions) ( Enter categories from instructions) foundation CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OTHER STYLISTIC TERMINOLOGY walls NO STYLE roof COLONIAL French Colonial other Spanish Colonial Mexican Baroque Narrative Description Dutch Colonial Flemish Colonial (Describe the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets . ) Postmedieval English English Gothic Elizabethan; Tudor; Jacobean or Jacobethan; New England Colonial ; Southern Colonial ARCHITECTURAL GUIDELINES FOR ARCHITECTURAL CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION Georgian • If none of the subcategories describes the property's style or stylistic EARLY REPUBLIC Early Classical Revival Jeffersonian Classicism; Roman Republican; Roman Revival ; Complete this item for properties influence, enter : Roman Villa; Monumental Classicism; Regency having architectural or historical im- 1 . the category relating to the general period of time, and portance. Select one or more sub cat- Federal Adams or Adamesque egory to describe the property' s archi - 2 . if possible, enter in the next blank "other:" and the term ( not exceed - tectural styles or stylistic influences ing 28 characters) commonly used to describe the style or stylistic MID -19TH CENTURY Early Romanesque Revival from the list, Data Categories for Archi- influence . tectural Classification, on pages 25 and Greek Revival Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals 26. Enter one subcategory in each blank on the form, placing those Other: Chateauesque Gothic Revival Early Gothic Revival most important to the property first. ( Enter the general category by itself if no specific style or stylistic influ - Italian Villa Use a continuation sheet for addi- ence is apparent but the general characteristics of the period are pres- tional entries . ent . ) Exotic Revival Egyptian Revival ; Moorish Revival • For properties not described by any of the listed terms—including Octagon Mode bridges, ships, locomotives, and buildings and structures that are pre- Octagon Mode historic, folk, or vernacular in character—enter "other:" with the de- scriptive term (not exceeding 28 characters) most commonly used to classify the property by type, period , method of construction, or other Gothic High Victorian Gothic; Second Gothic Revival characteristics . Use standardized terminology, terms recommended by the SHPOs, or a regionally-based system of nomenclature wherever Italianate Victorian or High Victorian Italianate possible . Do not use function, such as "worker housing" and "indus trial," unless it actually describes a design or construction type . Define Second Empire Mansard all terms in the narrative for section 7. Do not enter "vernacular" be- cause the term does not describe any specific characteristics . Queen Anne Queen Anne Revival; Queen Anne-Eastlake Other: Pratt through truss Other: Gloucester fishing schooner 1 Stick / Eastlake Eastern Stick; High Victorian Eastlake Other: I-house I Shingle Style • Other: split-log cabin Romanesque Romanesque Revival ; Richardsonian Romanesque Other: Chaco Canyon • For properties not havinganybuildings or structures, such as manyRenaissance Renaissance Revival; Romano-Tuscan Mode; North Italian or p p g Italian Renaissance; French Renaissance; Second Renaissance archeological and historic sites, enter "N / A . " Revival • For buildings and structures not described by the listed terms or by "other" and a common term, enter "No style . " 24 CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OTHER STYLISTIC TERMINOLOGY MATERIALS DATA CATEGORIES FOR MATERIALS LATE 19TH AND Beaux Arts Beaux Arts Classicism 20TH CENTURY Enter one or more terms from the EARTH STUCCO REVIVALS Colonial Revival Georgian Revival list, Data Categories for Materials, to de- scribe the principal exterior materials WOOD TERRA COTTA Classical Revival Neo-Classical Revival of the property. Enter both historic Weatherboard and nonhistoric materials. Shingle ASPHALT Tudor Revival Jacobean or Jacobethan Revival; Elizabethan Revival Enter one category or subcategory Log in each blank for "foundation, " Plywood / particle board ASBESTOS Late Gothic Revival Collegiate Gothic "walls," and "roof." Under "other," Shake enter the principal materials of other CONCRETE Mission / Spanish Colo- Spanish Revival ; Mediterranean Revival parts of the exterior, such as chim- BRICK nial Revival neys, porches, lintels, cornices, and ADOBE decorative elements. Use a continua - STONE Italian Renaissance lion sheet for additional entries, mak- Granite CERAMIC TILE ing sure to list them under the head- Sandstone (including French Renaissance ings : "foundation," "walls," "roof," brownstone) GLASS Pueblo or "other." Limestone For properties not having any Marble CLOTH / CANVAS LATE 19TH AND Sullivanesque buildings or structures, such as many Slate q archeological and historic sites, SYNTHETICS EARLY 20TH CENTURY Prairie School enter "N / A . " METAL Fiberglass AMERICAN Iron Vinyl MOVEMENTS Commercial Style Copper Rubber Bronze PIastic Chicago Tin Aluminum OTHER Skyscraper Steel Lead Bungalow / Craftsman Western Stick; Bungaloid Nickel Cast iron MODERN New Formalism; Neo-Expressionism; Brutalism; California MOVEMENT Style or Ranch Style; Post-Modern; Wrightian Moderne Modernistic; Streamlined Moderne; Art Moderne International Style Miesian GUIDELINES FOR ENTERING MATERIALS • Art Deco • Enter only materials visible from the exterior of a building, struc - ture, or object . Do not enter materials of interior, structural , or con- OTHERcealed architectural features even if they are significant . MIXED More than three styles from different periods ( for a building • For structures and objects, complete "foundation," "walls," and only) "roof" only if these features are present, as in a wooden covered bridge on stone piers . Use "other" for exterior features, such as the deck of a ship, that cannot reasonably qualify as a roof, foundation , or wall . • For historic districts, list the major building materials visible in the district, placing the most predominant ones first . • Enter the materials of above-ground ruins under the feature they cor- respond to, such as foundation or walls, or under "other ." 26 NARRATIVE for example, by describing a building The description should be concise, j ` INDUSTRIAL AND DESCRIPTION from the foundation up and from the factual, and well organized . The in- t j ENGINEERING exterior to the interior. Districts usu- formation should be consistent with -, - .. STRUCTURES ally require street by street descrip- the resource counts in section 5, func- ' t Provide a narrative describing the tion with a more detailed description tions in section 6, and architectural / Checklist for Describing Structures of of pivotal buildings. classification and materials in section Engineering or Industrial Si ni ' property and its physical characteris- The amount of detail needed in the 7 . Identify, in a list or on the accom- i \ \ cance, found in Appendix VI. fi tics on one or more continuation description depends on the size and an in sketch map, all of the re- r sheets. Describe the setting, build- p p panying g ` ,` David Weitzman' s Traces of the complexity of the property and the sources counted in section 5 and indi- , _ : ,, .• ings and other major resources, out- a Past: A Guide to Industrial Archaeol- extent to which alterations, addi- cate whether they are contributing or buildings, surface and subsurface re- k. , ' 7 ogy (Charles Scribner's Sons, New lions, and deterioration have affected noncontributing. Also identify any , ► • mains (for properties with archeologi ► ;76-- ' ` . 1 York, 1980) . the property s integrity. For exam- previously listed resources. , y 1 t_cal si nificance), and landsca a fea •g p ple the more extensively a building Use common professional terms �1 ; ` � __ �- tures. The narrative should docu r � has been altered, the more thorough when describing buildings, struc- I = - --- - _=- f ARCHEOLOGICAL ment the evolution of the property, --_ — - the description of additions, replace- tures, objects, sites, and districts. De- — _ _ �: PROPERTIES describing major changes since its _ + — , -- ment materials, and other alterations fine any terms regional or local in , construction or period of significance. _J , Begin with a summaryparagraph should be. Photographs and sketch derivation that are not commonly un- � ,,� �, = ice • James Deetz's Invitation to Archeol- g p g p ma s maybe used to supplement the derstood or ingeneral use, including ` that brieflydescribes the general p pp g ogy (Natural History Press, Garden narrative (see Additional Documenta- any terms entered under Architectural City, New York, 1967) and In Small characteristics of the property, such � tion on pages 60 to 65) . Classification . * Things Forgotten: The Archeology of as its location and setting, type, style, method of construction, size, and sig- k �, a �4 . , „ EarlyAmerican Life (Doubleday, Y �,; ,, Garden City, New York, 1977) . nificant features. Describe the cur- ! . 4. ; rent condition of the property and in- ' ' '` "" ' �"' s . - The Handbook of North American In- � a - A1 �t dicate whether the property has his- �� __ - `' ''° „ M �. . vy \ \ � ... dians (Smithsonian Institution toric integrity in terms of location, de- `- t ; : ' .' • • \ , , ' * , .,, "`- --te ~` r = '° ' ' `� d " Press, Washington, DC, 1978+), a sign, setting, materials, workman- .. ' ' ' �� , ;a.C. 4 0,0900x f Hall 's Bridge spanning French Creek, built about 1850 and 116 feet in length, is a surviving ex- graphicalseries of 15 volumes based on geo- ship, feeling, and association . �� `4 ` " i regions and edited 4 ` 5 + . ample of the Burr truss design, which, invented in 1806, was a major advance in American g1 by The Edward Jones House is a 1 and �fi bridge design . Over one hundred bridges of this type were built in Chester County, Pennsyl- William C. Sturtevant . f , .;4, ., 112 story, frame, Arts and Crafts style rfics,. , + � ) �_ g vania, between 1812 and 1885 . Hall 's Bridge is one of the few remaining examples. bungalow with a modified rectangular l � i ' ! plan, an intersecting gable roof, and a : ' " " ' I ' 7 .r A ' ` -F '� I°- v� The followingpublications maybe ` • ' \'` . 4 . t �" fr'';s' ts "1 t, • i 1°„act front porch . The walls and roof are fin- '' � �' helpful : -¢ 4 • " a f t y * " - ished with wood shingles, and the st \ , w +' . , k , • foundation, chimneys, and porch piers : ' ' , ° ' r�y� c "`a , '. ' ;i are built of fieldstone. Above the front BUILDINGS - l �' ' ti ms �- is an open- timbered endgable •,. ' ` , .t ' �" a► ` porchP i ,.. - , fir R A .� with Japanese-influenced joinery. The I i Marcus Whiffen' s American Archi- , , �, ? Y � � � le .� * � ' � , r a y interior of the house reflects the Arts ' a + lecture Since 1780: A Guide to the N .ice ,se s „ , ,. and Crafts style in the oak woodwork ; Styles (M . LT. Press, Cambridge, i , s, g �„ w ,�, ; : and built-in cabinetry. The house is in R i^ ;, t' 4 - ; the Shadyside neighborhood, a middle- La f ; t John Blumenson' s Identifying Amer "s:. ' ` y class subdivision with tree lined 4,, ,.. L ` ' 1 siits3.4 icon Architecture (American Assoei- `�streets and 50- oot wide lots . The ' ' Iy, I _ f :, w ation for State and Local Histo , ,k house fronts west onto Oak Street and 1 ° Nashville, 1977) . `� — 1• 11.1::: is set behind a modest, cultivated lawn .. +i �, E1 '' = «i � �� Cyril Harris' s Dictionary of Architec N w - ek which slopes slightly toward the street. : �4 = f,- _ _ , Behind the house, a rock arden incor r t ; lure and Construction (McGraw- _. —� _ �:,-. 1_11. w • Hill, New York, (( � aiitltii� �i�� ' �� it' . F y s l�•i porates the stonework of the founds- •r • �- _ _� n tion and chimney and is enclosed by a f ,, ; I John Poppeliers and S. Allen w.' � ,� • stone wall. A garage, echoing theI `• _ Chambers's What Style Is It ? (Pres- • — - house in design and materials, is set at tt ervation Press, Washington, DC, ' " _ the northeast corner of the lot and t ' � � 1983 ) ,,, r - reached by a straight driveway from ' Virginia and Lee McAlester' s A the street. The property is in excellent = � ;; Field Guide to American Houses (Al- - condition and has had very little alter- ' • ation since its construction . ' ' I fred A . Knopf, Inc ., New York , f ' ': • 1984 ) . Grant Park Historic District, Atlanta, Georgia, is a showcase of the many housing types and In additional paragraphs provide — _ es-- styles that characterized the city's residential development following the Civil War. These one the information listed in Guidelines .,� and one-half story dwellings with Queen Anne Revival details are typical of the modest dwell- for Describing Properties on pages 31 - ings located in the northwestern part of the district . ( David J. Kaminsky) to 34 . Include specific facts and , wherever possible, dates. Organize the information in a logical manner, Elaborate chimneypiece in the Kildare-McCormick 1-louse in Huntsville, Alabama, incorporates Classically inspired details . (Linda Bayer) 28 29 For guidance in describing mari- time resources, historic landscapes, WRITING AN ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION GUIDELINES FOR DESCRIBING PROPERTIES historic archeological sites, and other special kinds of properties, refer to Some general principles for describing buildings : BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES, AND OBJECTS other National Register Bulletins ( see Appendix X) . A number of publica- • Begin the description with a summary paragraph that creates a A . Type or form, such as dwelling, church, or commercial block . tions available from the National rough "sketch" of the building and its site. Use subsequent para- Trust for Historic Preservation, Amer- graphs to fill in the details following the outline established in the B . Setting, including the placement or arrangement of buildings and other resources, such as in a commercial ican Association for State and Local summary paragraph . center or a residential neighborhood or detached or in a row . History, and the Historic American • Describe the building in a logical sequence—from the ground up, fa- Buildings Survey, Historic American cade by facade, from the exterior to the interior. C . General characteristics : Engineering Record, and Preserva - tion Assistance Division of the Na - • Use simple but clear language and avoid complex sentences . If you 1 . Overall shape of plan and arrangement of interior spaces . tional Park Service are also helpful in have difficulty understanding and using the terms found in the sug- 2 . Number of stories . describing resources such as commer- gested guides listed on page 29, consult with the SHPO or FPO staff. 3 . Number of vertical divisions or bays . cial buildings, architecture of ethnic • Clearly delineate between the original appearance and current ap- 4 . Construction materials, such as brick, wood, or stone, and wall finish, such as type of bond, coursing, or groups, historic districts, historic pearance. Begin by describing the current appearance of a particular shingling. landscapes, terra cotta buildings, his- feature . Then describe its original appearance and any changes, not- 5 . Roof shape, such as gabled, hip, or shed . toric barns, and historic houses . ing when the changes occurred . 6. Structural system, such as balloon frame, reinforced concrete, or post and beam . • When describing groups of buildings, including historic districts, D . Specific features, by type, location, number, material, and condition : begin by describing the general character of the group and then de- scribe the individual buildings one by one . For large districts, de- 1 . Porches, including verandas, porticos, stoops, and attached sheds. scribe the pivotal buildings and the common types of buildings, 2 . Windows. noting their general condition , original appearance, and major 3 . Doors . changes. Follow a logical progression, moving from one building to 4 . Chimney . the next or up and down each street in a geographical sequence . 5 . Dormer. 6 . Other. E . Important decorative elements , such as finials, pilasters, bargeboards, brackets, halftimbering, sculptural re- lief, balustrades, corbelling, cartouches, and murals or mosaics . F. Significant interior features, such as floor plans, stairways, functions of rooms, spatial relationships, wainscoting, flooring, paneling, beams, vaulting, architraves, moldings, and chimneypieces . G . Number, type, and location of outbuildings, with dates, if known . H . Other manmade elements, including roadways, contemporary structures, and landscape features . I . Alterations or changes to the property, with dates, if known . A restoration is considered an alteration even if an attempt has been made to restore the property to its historic form ( see L below ) . If there have been nu- merous alterations to a significant interior, also submit a sketch of the floor plan illustrating and dating the changes . J . Deterioration due to vandalism, neglect, lack of use, or weather, and the effect it has had on the property ' s historic integrity . K. For moved properties : 1 . Date of move. 2 . Descriptions of location, orientation, and setting historically and after the move . 3 . Reasons for the move. 4 . Method of moving. 5 . Effect of the move and the new location on the historic integrity of the property . L . For restored and reconstructed buildings : 1 . Date of restoration or reconstruction. 2 . Historical basis for the work . 3 . Amount of remaining historic material and replacement material . 4 . Effect of the work on the property' s historic integrity . 5 . For reconstructions, whether the work was done as part of a master plan . 30 11 M . For ro erti p p es where landscape or open space adds to the significance or setting of the property, such as D. Any cultural remains or other manmade evidence of the significant event or activities . rural properties, college campuses, or the grounds of public buildings : 1 . Historic appearance and current condition of natural features . E . Type and degree of alterations to natural and cultural features since the significant event or activity, and their impact on the historic integrity of the site . 2 . Land uses, landscape features, and vegetation that characterized the property during the period of significance, including gardens, walls, paths, roadways, grading, fountains, orchards, fields, forests, F. Explanation of how the current physical environment and remains of the site reflect the period and associa - rock formations, open space, and bodies of water. tions for which the site is significant . N . For industrial properties where equipment and machinery is intact : ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORIC DISTRICTS 1 . Types, approximate date, and function of machinery . A . Natural and manmade elements comprising the district, including prominent topographical features and 2 . Relationship of machinery to the historic industrial operations of the property . structures, buildings, sites, objects, and other kinds of development . ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES B . Architectural styles or periods represented and predominant characteristics, such as scale, proportions, mate- rials, color, decoration, workmanship, and quality of design . A . Environmental setting of the property today and, if different, its environmental setting during the periods of occupation or use. Emphasize environmental features or factors related to the location, use, formation, or C . General physical relationship of buildings to each other and to the environment, including facade lines, preservation of the site. - street plans, squares, open spaces, density of development, landscaping, principal vegetation, and important natural features. Any changes to these relationships over time . Some of this information may be provided B. Period of time when the property is known or projected to have been occupied or used . Include comparisons on a sketch map (see page 61 ) . with similar sites and districts that have assisted in identification . D . Appearance of the district during the time when the district achieved significance (see Period of Significance C . Identity of the persons, ethnic groups, or archeological cultures who, through their activities, created the ar- on page 42 ) and any changes or modifications since . cheological property. Include comparisons with similar sites and districts that have assisted in identifica- tion . E . General character of the district, such as residential, commercial , or industrial, and the types of buildings and I ) . Physical characteristics : structures, including outbuildings and bridges, found in the district . F . General condition of buildings, including alterations, additions, and any restoration or rehabilitation activi - 1 . Site type, such as rockshelter, temporary camp, Ethic workshop, rural homestead, or shoe factory. ties. 2 . Prehistorically or historically important standing structures, buildings, or ruins . 3 . Kinds and approximate number of features, artifacts, and ecofacts, such as hearths, projectile points, and G . Identity of buildings, groups of buildings, or other resources that do and do not contribute to the district ' s faunal remains . significance . (See Determining Contributing and Noncontributing Resources on page 16 for definitions of contrib- 4 . Known or projected depth and extent of archeological deposits . uting and noncontributing resources. ) If resources are classified by terms other than "contributing" and 5 . Known or projected dates for the period when the site was occupied or used , with supporting evidence . "noncontributing," clearly explain which terms denote contributing resources and which noncontributing. 6 . Vertical and horizontal distribution of features, artifacts, and ecofacts . Provide a list of all resources that are contributing or noncontributing or identify them on the sketch map 7. Natural and cultural processes, such as flooding and refuse disposal , that have influenced the formation submitted with the form ( see Sketch Map on page 61 ) . of the site. • 8 . Noncontributing buildings, structures, and objects within the site . H . Most important contributing buildings, sites, structures, and objects . Common kinds of other contributing • resources . E . Likely appearance of the site during the periods of occupation or use . Include comparisons with similar sites and districts that have assisted in description . I . Qualities distinguishing the district from its surroundings . F. Current and past impacts on or immediately around the property, such as modern development, vandalism, J . Presence of any archeological resources that may yield important information with any related road construction, agriculture, soil erosion, or flooding . paleo-environmental data ( see guidelines for describing archeological sites and districts) . G . Previous investigations of the property, including, K . Open spaces such as parks, agricultural areas, wetlands, and forests, including vacant lots or ruins that were 1 . Archival or literature research . the site of activities important in prehistory or history . 2 . Extent and purpose of any excavation, testing, mapping, or surface collection . L . For industrial districts : 3 . Dates of relevant research and field work . Identity of researchers and their institutional or organizational affiliation. 4 . Important bibliographic references . 1 . Industrial activities and processes, both historic and current, within the district; important natural and geographical features related to these processes or activities, such as waterfalls, quarries, or mines . HISTORIC SITES 2 . Original and other historic machinery still in place . A . Present condition of the site and its setting. 3 . Transportation routes within the district, such as canals, railroads, and roads including their approximate length and width and the location of terminal points. B . Natural features that contributed to the selection of the site for the significant event or activity, such as a M . For rural districts : spring, body of water, trees, cliffs, or promontories . 1 . Geographical and topographical features such as valleys, vistas, mountains, and bodies of water that C . Other natural features that characterized the site at the time of the significant event or activity, such as convey a sense of cohesiveness or give the district its rural or natural characteristics. vegetation, topography, a body of water, rock formations, or a forest . 2 . Examples and types of vernacular, folk, and other architecture, including outbuildings, within the district. 32 3 ; 3 . Manmade features and relationships making up the historic and contemporary landscape, including g STATEMENT (I) F S I G N I F I C A N C E the arrangement and character of fields, roads, irrigation systems, fences, bridges, earthworks, and • vegetation . 4 . The historic appearance and current condition of natural features such as vegetation, principal plant materials, open space, cultivated fields, or forests . ARCHEOLOGICAL DISTRICTS 8 . Statement of Significance Applicable National Register Criteria Areas of Significance A . Environmental setting of the district today and , if different, its environmental setting during the periods of ( Mark " x " in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property (Enter categories from instructions) occupation or use. Emphasize environmental features or factors related to the location, use, formation, or for National Register listing . ) preservation of the district . lJ A Property is associated with events that have made B . Period of time when the district is known or projected to have been occupied or used . Include comparisons a significant contribution to the broad patterns of with similar sites and districts that have assisted in identification . our history . C . Identity of the persons, ethnic groups, or archeological cultures who occupied or used the area encom- I B Property is associated with the lives of persons passed by the district . Include comparisons with similar sites and districts that have assisted in identifica- tion . significant in our past . D. Physical characteristics : C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type , period , or method of construction or 1 . Type of district, such as an Indian village with outlying sites, a group of quarry sites, or a historic represents the work of a master, or possesses manufacturing complex . high artistic values , or represents a significant and Period of Significance 2 . Cultural, historic, or other relationships among the sites that make the district a cohesive unit . distinguishable entity whose components lack 3 . Kinds and number of sites, structures, buildings, or objects that make up the district . individual distinction . 4 . Information on individual or representative sites and resources within the district (see Archeological Site above) . For small districts, describe individual sites. For large districts, describe the most representa- ❑ D Property has yielded , or is likely to yield , tive sites individually and others in summary or tabular form or collectively as groups . information important in prehistory or history . 5 . Noncontributing buildings, structures, and objects within the district . E . Likely appearance of the district during the periods of occupation or use . Include comparisons with similar Criteria Considerations Significant Dates sites and districts that have assisted in description . ( Mark . . x . , in all the boxes that apply . ) F. Current and past impacts on or immediately around the district, such as modern development, vandalism, Property is : road contruction, agriculture, soil erosion, or flooding. Describe the integrity of the district as a whole and , in written or tabular form, the integrity of individual sites. I I A owned by a religious institution or used for religious purposes . G . Previous investigations of the property, including : Significant Person • B removed from its original location . (Complete if Criterion B is marked above) 1 . Archival or literature research . 2 . Extent and purpose of any excavation, testing, mapping, or surface collection . f 1 C a birthplace or grave . 3 . Dates of relevant research and field work . Identity of researchers and their institutional or organizational Cultural Affiliation affiliation . • 4 . Important bibliographic references . n D a cemetery . I E a reconstructed building , object , or structure . ❑ F a commemorative property . ❑ G less than 50 years of age or achieved significance Architect/ Builder within the past 50 years . Narrative Statement of Significance ( Explain the signrticance of the property on one or more continuation sheets . ) 1) 4 35 5 APPLICABLEI NATIONAL ��% . ". ,/ ` I at THE NATIONAL REGISTER CRITERIA � ' , REGISTER CRITERIA _ . ' ' � / - / Criteria: The qualityof significance in American history, architecture , � . i'` \ archeology, engineering, and culture is present in districts, sites, build - Mark "x" in one or more of the ' : _ _ _ ings, structures, and objects that possess integrity of location, design, set- boxes to identify the National Regis- � cgl � ` ting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association, and : ter criteria for which the property . ;� qualifies for listing. The National Reg- E. „ :;; :qCI t I ' ;i A . That are associated with events that have made a significant contri ister criteria are listed on page 37. & „ ' ' II I , : bution to the broad patterns of our history; or Ir , i . it ' ii � 9 i � i . . . 1 4 L _ For districts with properties indi- ' e 111 WWII I ill i vidually meeting the National Regis- - Pli irk® B. That are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or ter criteria, mark "x" in the box that _ _ _ identifies the criterion for which that 's - C . That embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period , or property is significant as well as the ter' method of construction or that represent the work of a master, or criterion for the district as a whole. I that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and "' e distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual dis- A historic district significant for its - tinction; or collection of period revival houses also _ contains the home of an influential D . That haveyielded, or maybe likelytoyield, information important newspaper publisher who contributed /-; ' ' k. , \- \ ‘ ` \ P in prehistory or history . to local labor reforms in the 1920s . Abraham Castetter House, Blair Washington County, Nebraska, is significant Check boxes B and C. 8 lcant under Criterioni B as the home of a locally prominent banker and businessman . It is also significant under Crite- Properties are often significant for non C for its eclectic late 19th-century architectural design, which combines elements of the Sec- Criteria Considerations : Ordinarily cemeteries, ,birthplaces, or graves more than one criterion . Mark only and Empire and Queen Anne Revivals . (David Murphy) of historical figures, properties owned by religious institutions or used those boxes for qualifying criteria for religious purposes, structures that have been moved from their origi- that are supported by the narrative nal locations, reconstructed historic buildings, properties primarily corn- statement of significance. A National memorative in nature, and properties that have achieved significance Register nomination may claim and within the past 50 years shall not be considered eligible for the National document significance for one crite- Register . However, such properties will qualify if they are integral parts non only, even when a property ap- of districts that do meet the criteria or if they fall within the following cat - pears likely to meet additional cri- egories : teria . For guidance in applying the Na- A . A religious property deriving primary significance from architec- tional Register criteria to historic tural or artistic distinction or historical importance; or properties, refer to National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National B. A building or structure removed from its original location but which Register Criteria for Evaluation . is significant primarily for architectural value, or which is the sur- s OAK r {: 10"`� viving structure most importantly associated with a historic person . ., " :4 _: CRITERIA - e,*, , i < '; _l, `.,.;; ,,,� { . • or event; or t; 4 _ _ 0-" :Pm y C . A birthplace or grave of a historical figure of outstanding importance CONSIDERATIONS — ti;riZer . ' s t' , R, sit • ?ski„ a other appropriateor building directly associated if there is no site 4 , ;• ;, .aa,� '' ice,,, , : y,. i :ott { If+ !' . with his or her productive life; or pas )Mark "x" in the box for any cri- . teria consideration applying to the D . A cemetery which derives its primary significance from graves of property . Mark all that apply. Leave , 1, persons of transcendent importance, from age, from distinctive de- this section blank if no considera- sign features, or from association with historic events; or tions apply . �� The criteria considerations are part t E . A reconstructed building when accurately executed in a suitable envi- of the National Register criteria (see ronment and presented in a dignified manner as part of a restora- Aspenvale Cemetery, Smyth County, Virginia, is significant for Virgingrave of General William tion master plan, and when no other building or structure with the page 37) . They set forth special Stan- Campbell (1745-1781 ), a person of transcendent importance. A Virginia-born hero of the Amer dards for listingcertain kinds of same association has survived ; or ican Revolution, General Campbell commanded the Virginia militia in its resounding victory properties usually excluded from the over the Royalist forces at King's Mountain, North Carolina, on October 7, 1780. ( Virginia De National Register. partment of Historic Resources) F. A property primarily commemorative in intent if design, age, tradi - For districts, mark only the criteria tion, or symbolic value has invested it with its own historical signif- considerations applying to the entire • icance; or district or to a predominant resource or group of resources within the dis- G . A property achieving significance within the past 50 years if it is of trict. exceptional importance . 36 37 i , - . AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE GUIDELINES FOR SELECTING AREA OF SIGNIFICANCE Select one or more areas of prehis- Criterion A: For a property significant under Criterion A, select the category relating to the historic event or e- role for which the property is significant, such as "transportation " for a railroad station, trolley car, or stagecoach tory or history, from the list, Data Cat- � tiff ' -= -. stop. egories for Areas of Significance, on N d pages 40 and 41 , in which the prop- erty qualifies for National Register ' ° ^~ `:° t . - Criterion B : For a property significant under Criterion B, select the category in which the significant individual listin Enter one category or subcat- • � . . , made the contributions for which he or she is known or for which the property is illustrative: for example, litera- g' g �' 41 __--- • 10.1 - ture" and "politics and government" for the home of a well-known political theorist and statesman. egory in each blank, placing the __ � ones most important to the property Criterion C : For a propertysignificant under Criterion C, select "architecture," "art," "landscape architecture," first. Use a continuation sheet for ad- _ - �`:�,' , aria g ditional entries . • _ r� . .. , �.. , •• "engineering," or "community planning and development" depending on the type of property and its impor- If no category or subcategory ap- ,- table''I ' tance . Generally "architecture" applies to buildings and "engineering" to structures; however, if a building is no- P plies to the property, enter "other:" '' � 2 table for its advanced construction technology it may be significant under both "architecture" and "engineering." 4. '"" t . For example, a 1930spublic buildingsignificant for a Depression-era mural is significant under "art," a cathedral with the name of the area in whichIS '' 1' 4'' p g p g �• "• " a t � � ' noted as the work of Richard Upjohn and for stained glass by Tiffany under "architecture" and "art" ; and an early the property attained significance. w =44 ". 4' . -...jr "` An area of significance must be en- y Y -.� - la _ 4= example of a concrete rainbow arch bridge under "engineering." tered for each criterion marked on • + � . e ra , the form . Enter only areas that are �- - -' �. Criterion D : For a property significant under Criterion D, enter the subcategory of archeology that best de- supported by the narrative statement. ` . "'" - scribes the type of historic or prehistoric group about which the property is likely to yield information . Also, + �R _ enter any categories eories and subcategories about which the site is likely to provide information, for example, "prehis- Fordistricts, enter areas of signifi- - 1 M Arse" is cance applying to the district as - . ; ,log 9 It' toric archeology," "agriculture," and "engineering" for the ruins of an ancient irrigation system that is likely to whole. roerties within the dis- . 4"' * ' ' ` l ' ^., ''; S- n - - : ., +, t ; -II; \ provide information about prehistoric subsistence and technology . trick individually meet the National 4 � . k - 34-3 ft- i t r ' ti- , ` ,, k _ .. , • b 0y v Register criteria, enter their areas of x °'' S. ' ' r � � ADDITIONAL GUIDELINES significance also . • , , 4 4, * if � : ' ,: 2 � °' M x • Do not confuse area of significance with historic function. Historic function , entered in section 6, relates to the �.' r r • '3 "it• practical and routine uses of a property, while area of significance relates to the property' s contributions to the ro ,� �yy: broader patterns of American history, architecture, archeology, engineering, and culture. For example, a stage- t •:�!y. � „� ��,� ��a' � 5;` � :5gy�� •� � � . �it� ' coach stop s function would be hotel and its area of significance would most likely be transportation. $, . _ r ,,,�.. kt. Jr . 41'llts, a say A %I. owe, ,j, _ When selecting "archeology" or "ethnic heritage," enter the subcategory that best applies to the property' s sig- nificance . If no subcategory applies, enter the general category . Vista House at Crown Point, Oregon, is significant in architecture and transportation . Com- • When selecting "archeology," "ethnic heritage," or "maritime history," also enter areas of significance that manding a spectacular view of the Columbia Gorge, it has served as an observation station and closely relate to the events, activities, characteristics, or information for which the property is significant, for Highwayrestng stop avlsngio the Columbia River Highway since its contruction in 1918 . (Oregon State example, "industry" for a prehistoric tool-making site or "military" for a liberty ship that was engaged in an Division) r important battle. • • Do not enter "local history" with "other ." Local history is a level of significance, not an area of significance. Instead, enter the area that most closely relates to the theme or pattern in local history with which the prop- erty is associated , for example, "health / medicine" for the home of an eminent local physician, "commerce" for the site of a traditional marketplace, or "community planning and development" for a residential subdivi- sion that established a pattern for a community' s expansion . 38 - - 39 DATA CATEGORIES FOR AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY DEFINITION CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY DEFINITION EXPLORATION/ The investigation of unknown or little known regions; the estab- SETTLEMENT lishment and earliest development of new settlements or com- AGRICULTURE The process and technology of cultivating soil, producing munities . crops, and raising livestock and plants . HEALTH/MEDICINE The care of the sick, disabled , and handicapped ; the promotion of health and hygiene . ARCHITECTURE The practical art of designing and constructing buildings and structures to serve human needs . INDUSTRY The technology and process of managing materials, labor, and ARCHEOLOGY - equipment to produce goods and services. The study of prehistoric and historic cultures through excava- tion and the analysis of physical remains . INVENTION The art of originating by experiment or ingenuity an object, sys- PREHISTORIC Archeological study of aboriginal cultures before the advent of tem, or concept of practical value . written records . LANDSCAPE ARCHI- The practical art of designing or arranging the land for human HISTORIC — Archeological study of aboriginal cultures after the advent of TECTURE use and enjoyment . ABORIGINAL written records . ILAW The interpretation and enforcement of society' s legal code . HISTORIC — Archeological study of non-aboriginal cultures after theadvent LITERATURE The creation of prose and poetry . NON-ABORIGINAL of written records . ART MARITIME HISTORY The h, istory of the exploration, fishing, navigation, and use of in The creation of painting, printmaking, photography, sculpture, land coastal , and deep sea waters . and decorative arts . MILITARY The system of defending the territory and sovereignty of a peo- COMMERCE The business of trading goods, services, and commodities. ple . COMMUNICATIONS The technology and process of transmitting information . PERFORMING ARTS The creation of drama , dance, and music . COMMUNITY The design or development of the physical structure of PHILOSOPHY The theoretical study of thought, knowledge, and the nature of PLANNING AND communities . the universe . DEVELOPMENT CONSERVATION POLITICS/ GOVERN- The enactment and administration of laws by which a nation, The preservation, maintenance, and management of natural or MENT manmade resources . State, or other political jurisdiction is governed; activities re- lated to political process . ECONOMICS The study of the production, distribution, and consumption of wealth; the management of monetaryand other assets P RELIGION The organized system of beliefs, practices, and traditions re- wealth; garding mankind ' s relationship to perceived supernatural EDUCATION The process of conveying or acquiring knowledge or skills forces. through systematic instruction, training, or study . SCIENCE The systematic study of natural law and phenomena . ENGINEERING The practical application of scientific principles to design, con- SOCIAL HISTORY The history of efforts to promote the welfare of society; the his- struct, and operate equipment, machinery, and structures to tory of society and the lifeways of its social groups . serve human needs . • ENTERTAINMENT/ The development and practice of leisure activities for refresh TRANSPORTATION The process and technology of conveying passengers or materi- RECREATION ment, diversion, als . amusement, or sport. ETHNIC HERITAGE OTHER Any area not covered by the above categories. The history of persons having a common ethnic or racial iden- tity. ASIAN The history of persons having origins in the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent. BLACK The history of persons having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa . EUROPEAN The history of persons having origins in Europe. HISPANIC The history of persons having origins in the Spanish-speaking areas of the Caribbean, Mexico, Central America, and South America . NATIVE AMERICAN The history of persons having origins in any of the original peo - ples of North America, including American Indian and Ameri - can Eskimo cultural groups . PACIFIC ISLANDER The history of persons having origins in the Pacific Islands, in- cluding Polynesia , Micronesia, and Melanesia . OTHER The history of persons having origins in other parts of the world , such as the Middle East or North Africa . 40 41 1 PERIOD OF GUIDELINES FOR SELECTING THE PERIODS OF SIGNIFICANT SIGNIFICANCE SIGNIFICANCE DATES GUIDELINES FOR IDENTIFYING SIGNIFICANT DATES Enter the dates for one or more pe - Criterion A: For the site of an important event, such as a pivotal five Enter the year of any events, associ- • The property must have historic integrity for all the significant dates nods of time when the property at - month labor strike, the period of significance is the time when the event tained the significance qualifying it occurred . For properties associated with historic trends, such as corn- ations, construction, or alterations entered . for National Register listing. Some mercial development, theperiod of significance is the span of time when qualifying the property for National • The beginning and closingdates of aperiod of significance are "sig- Register gp g p Re ister listingor addingto its signif- g g g g periods of significance are as brief as the property actively contributed to the trend . g g nificant dates" only if they mark specific events directly related to icance. A property may have several a single year. Many, however, span the significance of the property, for example, the date of construction Criterion B : Theperiod of significance fora property significant for dates of significance; all of them, that also marked the beginning of an important individual' s resi - many years and consist of beginning gp p ty g gi g p and closing dates. Combine overlap- Criterion B is usually the length of time the property was associated with however, must fall within the periods dency, or the closing of a mine that ended a community' s growth . ping periods and enter them as one the important person . of significance. Enter one date in longer period of significance. each blank, placing those most impor- • For a property significant for Criterion C, enter the date of the con- Criterion C : For architecturally significant properties, the period of sig- tant to the property first. Use a con- struction or alterations through which the property achieved its im- nificance is the date of construction and / or the dates of any significant tinuation sheet for additional entries . portance . Enter the dates of alterations only if they contribute to the DEFINITION OF PERIOD alterations and additions. I Some properties with a period of property' s significance. OF SIGNIFICANCE significance spanning many years • For districts, enter construction dates of only those buildings that in- Criterion D : The period of significance for an archeological site is the may not have any specific dates of dividually had an impact on the character of the district as a whole . Period of significance is the length estimated time when it was occupied or used for reasons related to its significance. In these cases, enter Enter dates of events for which the district as a whole and not indi- of time when a property was associ- importance, for example, 3000-2500 B .C . "N / A . " vidual buildings is significant, for example, the opening of a trolley ated with important events, activi- ties, or persons, or attained the char- line that spurred a community' s suburban development . DEFINITION OF ADDITIONAL GUIDELINES acteristics which qualify it for Na- SIGNIFICANT DATE tional Register listing. Period of • The property must possess historic integrity for all periods of signifi- significance usually begins with the cance entered . A significant date is theyear when date when significant activities or g GUIDELINES FOR ENTERING NAMES OF events began givingthe property its • Continued use or activitydoes not necessarilyjustifycontinuingthe one or more major events directly p p y contributing to the significance of a SIGNIFICANT PERSONS historic significance; this is often a period of significance . The period of significance is based upon the historic property occurred . Exam date of construction. For prehistoric time when the property made the contributions or achieved the char- properties, the period of significance acter on which significance is based . pies include : • Do not enter the name of a family, fraternal group, or other organiza- is the broad span of time about • Fifty years ago is used as the closing date for periods of significance construction of an architecturally sig- tion . which the site or district is likely to where activities begun historically continued to have importance and nificant building • Enter the names of several individuals in one family or organization, provide information; it is often the no more specific date can be defined to end the historic period . opening of an important fransporta if each person made contributions for which the property meets Cri- period associated with a particular ( Events and activities occurring within the last 50 years must be ex- tion route tenon B . cultural group . ceptionally important to be recognized as "historic " and to justify ex - • Enter the name of a property' s architect or builder only if the prop- For periods in history, enter one tending a period of significance beyond the limit of 50 years ago . ) alteration of a building that contrib- year or a continuous span of years: utes to its architectural importance erty meets Criterion B for association with the life of that individual, 1928 such as the home, studio, or office of a prominent architect . residency of an important person 1875 - 1888 Base the period of significance on Enter one period of significance in • specific events directly related to the each blank on the form, placing the For periods in prehistory, enter the significance of the property, for exam- ones most important to the property SIGNIFICANT Enter as complete a name as possi- all others in order of their importance range of time by millennia . ple, the date of construction for a first. Use a continuation sheet, if PERSON ble, placing the last name first . If the on a continuation sheet. (If no one 8000 - 6000 B. C. building significant for its design or more space is needed . Complete this individual is listed in the Dictionary of stands out as most important, place the length of time a mill operated item for all properties, even if the American Biography, enter the name as the name of the person with the earli- and contributed to local industry . riod is less than one year . pe- Complete this item only if Crite- it appears in that source . est associations on the form . ) For ad- rion B is checked as a qualifying cri- White, Edward Gould ditional guidance on evaluating prop- terion . Enter the full name of the per- erties for Criterion B, see National Reg- son with whom the property is im- Bartlett, Stephen Jameson ister Bulletin 32 : Guidelines for portantly associated . Do not exceed For properties associated with sev - Evaluating and Documenting Properties 26 characters, including spaces and eral important persons, enter the Associated with Significant Persons . punctuation. name of the person most important If Criterion B has not been marked, to the property on the form, and list enter 'N / A ." 42 -- - 43 I i CULTURAL ARCHITECTBUILDER AFFILIATION GUIDELINES FOR ENTERING CULTURAL GUIDELINES FOR ENTERING NAME OF AFFILIATION ARCHITECT/BUILDER Enter the full name of the per- Complete only if Criterion D is • For aboriginal prehistoric and historic cultures, enter the name corn - son(s) responsible for the design or • Enter the names of architectural and engineering firms, only if the marked on the form. Enter one or monlyused to identifythe cultural rou or enter theof time construction of the property. This in - names of the specific persons responsible for the design are unknown . more cultural affiliations reflected represnted by the arceological remains period eludes architects, artists, builders, by the site or district. Use only corn- craftsmen, designers, engineers, and • If the property' s design is derived from the stock plans of a company monly accepted and used terms. Cochise landscape architects . or government agency and is credited to a specific individual, enter Enter one cultural affiliation in each Enter as complete a name as possi- the name of the company or agency . Hopewell blank, placing the most important or ble, not exceeding 36 characters . If predominant ones first. Use a contin- Mississippian the person is listed in the Dictionary U. S . Treasury uation sheet for additional entries. of American Biography, enter the name Enter important cultural affiliations Red Ochre I: as it appears in that source . Southern Pacific Railroad for properties significant for other Cr!- Paleo-Indian teria, includingethnographic ro er- Richardson, Henry Hobson U. S . Army proper- Late Archaic ties, as areas of significance. Enter Benton, Thomas Hart "ethnic heritage" following the in- Enter one name in each blank. For • Enter the name of property owners or contractors only if they were structions in Guidelines for Selecting • For non-aboriginal historic cultures, enter the ethnic background , more than one architect / builder, actually responsible for the property' s design or construction . Area of Significance on page 39 . occupation, geographical location or topography, or another term place the name of the one most im- . For districts, enter the names of the known architect / builders in If a cultural affiliation cannot be that is commonly used to identify members of the cultural group. portant to the property first. Use a order of their importance to the district . identified , enter "undefined . " continuation sheet, if additional Sea Islander space is needed . • If the architect or builder is not known, enter "unknown ." DEFINITION OF Appalachian If the property has no built re- CULTURAL AFFILIATION Black Freedman sources, enter "N / A ." Cultural affiliation is the archeo- Italian-American NARRATIVE WRITING A STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE logical or ethnographic culture to which a collection of artifacts or re- Shaker STATEMENT OF Some general principles for stating significance : sources belongs. It is generally a Euro-American term given to a specific cultural SIGNIFICANCE • In the summary paragraph, simply and clearly state the reasons why group for which assemblages of arti - the property meets the National Register criteria . Add to the informa- facts have been found at several sites Explain how the property meets tion marked on the form for section 8, by providing brief facts that ex- of the same age in the same region . ° ; .. . . •� the National Register criteria, using plain how the property meets the criteria, how it contributed to the I* one or more continuation sheets. areas of significance listed, and the ways it was important to the his- '*`` �� + r Drawing on facts about the history of tory of its locality, State, or the nation during the period of signifi- =E 't`' the property and the historic trends— cance. Mention the important themes or historic contexts to which c� � -, ,..,� - ;- ' g •;:cr i ,, P P Y the property relates . :R ` r: (f ,1 _ local , State, or national—that the P P Y • ° ' ��*' .� property reflects, make the case for . . ° � ; �� - �. m p p ty Usingthe summary as an outline, make the case for si nif . . �1Pa�� t: , �. 3�„i g . • ,� ,�� !,„� , ,,, f the property' s historic significance icance in subsequent paragraphs. Begin by providing a brief chrono- - . 4 , (6 ,4 4 A '� % i ' 4+�++►it and integrity (see Chapter II for an ex- logical history of the property . Then for each area of significance, be- '" s � - ' t;- ` planation of these terms ) . The state-9. 141 ' 4' k � a % `t �� r r pginning with the ones of primary importance, discuss the facts and ` rari ! :* y ;ti '; .°� = ment should explain the information circumstances in theproperty' s that led to its importance. `7 -.. J . ;�= � �•. a � ,, history P iie � ,I e : , ,A entered on the form for the following : Make clear the connection between each area of significance, its corre- r� _+ � •, y �, r . a sponding criterion, andperiod of significance. i f r , National Register criteria P g g d ; I %Tr- Ai • criteria considerations • Be selective about the facts you present . Consider whether they di - . ,� -, - max- rectly support the significance of the property. Avoid narrating the I � y � ��+ ,� �„ .. "- • significant persons7.04P entire history of the property . Focus on the events, activities, or char t _ :. � � ^" �,, " �k �. acteristics that make the property significant. For example, identify , . u -,. f �. . , z :, • period of significance P P Y g P , � �i• �. - S .._ ` `°` •4 � c '" -. �'` ` - : significant architectural details if a building is significant for its de- ,,. , j • "'i. « : �•. , w r • significant dates . . • . ffl �, , ' es , !;�� k - et g sign, or explain the role the property played in local commerce or in - ,� ' % �^° e. - �'k - ` • areas of significance dustry . !N f» ,4 ., �f r J i• . .^ - se : sue ^4 { - / rk I -i ` • �.�, � b , -a. ,, `" ' ,'°� • cultural affiliation • Be specific in all references to history or geography . Give dates and r7/5 .=s y x i ,,. , 44. '„- - .• ~ s_+t s . The statement of significance con- places. Keep in mind the reader who will have little or no knowl- tains several parts : edge of the property or the area where it is located . Several groups of prehistoric mounds comprise the Mealy Mounds Archeological Site in central 1 . A paragraph summarizing the . Include descriptive and historical information about the area where Missouri. The mounds and the remains of a nearby village are a valuable source of information about the prehistoric groups that occupied the banks of the Missouri River during the Late property' s significance . the property is located to orient the reader to the property' s Sur - Woodland Period. (Howard W. Marshall) 2 . Several supporting paragraphs roundings and the kind of community or place where it functioned that briefly discuss : in the past . Again, focus on facts that help explain the property' s role and illustrate its importance. 44 0 45 = • Ways the property meets the spe- cial standards for any criteria con- GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING AND STATING SIGNIFICANCE • •• . , siderations marked on the form. • The Edward Jones House, built in The following questions should be considered when evaluating the significance of a property and developing 1911 , is a product of the dissemination the statement of significance. Incorporate in the narrative the answers to the questions directly pertaining to the q - _ _ property' s historic significance and integrity . of the Arts and Crafts philosophy and it � , aesthetic in America and is an excep- ALL PROPERTIES f � I 1 tional example of the craftsmanship of a regionally prominent master builder. A. What events took place on the significant dates indicated on the form , and in what ways are they important r ! -- Contextually it relates to the influence to the property? I � �* of the American Arts and Crafts Move- 1 � - • � , ment in Texas and to the statewide B. In what ways does the property physically reflect itsperiod of significance, and in what ways does it reflect !- t / . 1 i = p P Y P Y Y $ I _ - ; ( I ! , . . �, context, Arts in Texas . Secondarily, changes after the period of significance? _ - . � ti, , 1 , �_ the Jones House relates to the context, I i . - u 1 ' '' Y� Community and Regional Planning in C . What is the period of significance based on? Be specific and refer to existing resources or features within the - I ' ff- T Mr 1 i iIL ft - - Texas, as product ofthe urban property or important events in the property' s history . W} - 1 growth of ailldale an the planned de- 4 , velopment of Shadyside. The house BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND OBJECTS meets National Register Crit'rion C in A. If the property is significant for its association with historic events, what are the historically significant events the area of Architecture as one of the or patterns of activity associated with the property? Does the existing building, object, or structure reflect in best residential examples of the Arts a tangible way the important historical associations? How have alterations or additions contributed to or de- A streetscape in the Minneapolis Warehouse Historic District, Hennepin County, Minnesota, and Crafts style in the State and as the tracted from the resource' s ability to convey the feeling and association of the significant historic period ? shows the diverse scale, period, and styles of the district 's warehouses and commercial build- work of master builder and craftsman ings. Begun as the city's warehouse and wholesaling center in the late 19th century, the district Gustav Gustaysen . became a major shipping and jobbing center for the upper Midwest by the early 20th century. B . If the property is significant because of its association with an individual, how long and when was the indi- (Rolf T. Anderson) vidual associated with the property and during what period in his or her life? What were the individual' s SUPPORTING significant contributions during the period of association ? Are there other resources in the vicinity also hav- • the history of the PARAGRAPHS-HISTORY ing strong associations with the individual ? If so , compare their significance `and associations to that of the property, SUMMARY PARAGRAPH property being documented . particularly as it represents OF PROPERTY important historic contexts Identify the following items : C . If the property is significant for architectural, landscape, aesthetic, or other physical qualities, what are those and reflects the significant Discuss the chronology and his- qualities and whyare theysignificant? Does the property retain enough of its significant design to convey events, associations, charac- • Specific associations or character- toric development of the property. g p P Y g g g these qualities? If not, how have additions or alterations contributed to or detracted from the significance of teristics, or other reasons istics through which the property Highlight and focus on the events, ac- the resource? the property meets the Na - has acquired significance, includ - tivities, associations, characteristics, tional Register criteria , and ing historic events, activities, per- and other facts that relate the prop- D . Does the property have possible archeological significance and to what extent has this significance been con - sons, physical features, artistic erty to its historic contexts and are • the historic contexts, sidered ? qualities, architectural styles, and the basis for its meeting the National themes, trends, and pat- archeological evidence that repre- Register criteria . Follow the Guide- terns of development relat- sent the historic contexts within lines for Evaluating and Stating Signifi- , E . Does the property possess attributes that could be studied to extract important information? For example: ing to the property . which the property is important cance listed on pages 47 to 49 . The a does it contain tools, equipment, furniture, refuse, or other materials that could provide information about to the history of the local commu - t guidelines, in the form of uestions the social organization of its occupants, their relations with other persons and groups, or their daily lives . The statement should be concise, nity, the State, or the nation . address the key points that should be Has the resource been rebuilt or added to in ways that reveal changing concepts of style or beauty ? factual, well-organized, and in pars - covered . Consult with SHPO and rah form . Include onlyinforma - • Specific ways the property meets F. If the property is no longer at its original location , why did the move occur? How does the new location af- g P FPO staff to determine what and tionpertinent to the property and its the qualifying criterion and has fed the historical and architectural integrity of the property ? p P ty contributed to each area of si nif- how much information is needed to eligibility. Additional documents - g support the property' s significance 'i tion should be maintained bythe icance entered on the form . HISTORIC SITES and integrity . SHPO, Certified Local Government, • Role of any important persons or A. How does the property relate to the significant event, occupation, or activity that took place there? Federal agency, or another institution . cultural affiliations entered on the form . B . How have alterations such as the destruction of original buildings, changes in land use, and changes in fo - liage or topography affected the integrity of the site and its ability to convey its significant associations? For example, if the forested site of a treaty signing is now a park in a suburban development, the site may have lost much of its historic integrity and may not be eligible for the National Register . C . In what ways does the event that occurred here reflect the broad patterns of American history and why is it significant? 46 47 i11 ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES M . If the district is rural, how are the natural and manmade elements of the district linked historically or archi- tecturally, functionally, or by common ethnic or social background ? How does the open space constitute or A. What is the cultural context in which the property is considered significant? How does the site relate to what unite significant ' features of the district? is currently known of the region' s prehistory or history and similar known sites ? B. What kinds of information can the known data categories yield ? What additional kinds of information are ex- N . Does the district have any resources of possible archeological significance? If so, how are they likely to yield important information? How do they relate to the prehistory or history of the district? peeled to be present on the basis of knowledge of similar sites? What similarities permit comparison with ' other known sites? ARCHEOLOGICAL DISTRICTS C . What is the property's potential for research ? What research questions may be addressed at the site? How A. What is the cultural context in which the district has been evaluated , including its relationship to what is cur- do these questions relate to the current understanding of the region's archeology? How does the property rently known about the area' s prehistory and history and the characteristics giving the district cohesion for contribute or have the potential for contributing important information regarding human ecology, cultural study? history, or cultural process ? What evidence, including scholarly investigations, supports the evaluation of significance? B . How do the resources making up the district as a group contribute to the significance of the district? D. How does the integrity of the property affect its significance and potential to yield important information ? C . How do the resources making up the district individually or in the representative groupings identified in sec- lion 7 contribute to the significance of the district? E . If the site has been totally excavated , how has the information yielded contributed to the knowledge of Amer- ican cultures or archeological techniques to the extent that the site is significant for the investigation that oc- D. What is the district' s potential for research ? What research questions may be addressed at the district ? How cured there? - do these questions relate to the current understanding of the region' s archeology? How does the property contribute or have the potential for contributing important information regarding human ecology, cultural F. Does the property possess resources, such as buildings or structures, that in their own right are architectur- history, or cultural process? What evidence, including scholarly investigations, supports the evaluation of ally or historically significant? If so, how are they significant? significance? Given the existence of material remains with research potential, what is the context that estab - ARCHITECTURALAND HISTORIC DISTRICTS lishes the importance of the recoverable data , taking into account the current state of knowledge in specified topical areas? A . What are the physical features and characteristics that distinguish the district, including architectural styles, E . How does the integrity of the district affect its sigtificance and potential to yield important information ? building materials, building types, street patterns, topography, functions and land uses, and spatial organi- zation? F. Does the district possess resources, such as buildings or structures, that in their own right are architecturally B. What are the origins and key events in the historical development of the district? Are any architects, build- or historically significant ? If so, how are they significant? ers, designers, or planners important to the district' s development? C . Does the district convey a sense of historic and architectural cohesiveness through its design, setting, materi- als, Such a business, in turn, served not • common architectural styles or workmanship, or association? SUPPORTING onlyits local communitybut took on types PARAGRAPHS - HISTORIC yp D. How do the architectural styles or elements within the district contribute to the feeling of time and place ? CONTEXT the regional trade of farmers who came • construction materials and meth- What period or periods of significance are reflected by the district ? to town to ship their produce, collect ods Relate the property to important staples and equipment, and conduct business . Greeneville flourished • role of important persons or orga- E . How have significant individuals or events contributed to the development of the district ? • themes in the prehistory or history through the enterprising spirit and for- nizations of its community, State, or the nation . 8 rp 8 P F. How has the district affected the historical development of the community, region, or State ? How does the Include information about the his- ward thinking of merchants and local • cultural affiliations district reflect the history of the community, region, or State ? tory of the community or larger geo- leaders, such as Stephen Bartlett . political organization Amongthe several commercial build- ' g graphical area that explains the ways G . How have intrusions and noncontributing structures and buildings affected the district' s ability to convey a the property is unique or representa- ings established in the era following • social or cultural traditions sense of significance? tive of its theme, place, and time . the railroad 's introduction, Bartlett's • trends in local or re tonal devel- Consider, for example, the historic Store was the largest and continued ing H . What are the qualities that distinguish the district from its surroundings? context of the Hartstene Island Corn- business the longest, adapting to opment chap in times and needs . Recogni-Hall (see the Completed Form 8 8 8 patterns of physical development I . How does the district compare to other similar areas in the locality, region, or State? on page 73 ) . The significance of the tion of Bartlett 's establishes a standard • economic forces hall is based on its role in the commu- for the significance and integrity of a J . If there are any preservation or restoration activities in the district, how do they affect the significance of the nity over a period of 45 years . This successful and pivotal commercial • presence and condition of similar district? significance becomes apparent when property reflecting the history of the properties facts about the community' s settle- town . Y The discussion of historic context K . Does the district contain any resources outside the period of significance that are contributing? If so, identify ment, isolated location, and social ac- Incorporate the following informa- should do several things : them and explain their importance (see Determining Contributing and Noncontributing Resources on page 16 ) . tivities are considered . tion to the extent that it relates to the . Explain the role of the property in Similarly, the context for a small significance of the property : relationship to broad historic L . If the district has industrial significance, how do the industrial functions or processes represented relate to town general store relies on facts the broader industrial or technological development of the locality, region , State or nation ? How important about its role in the commercial de- • specific events trends, drawing on specific facts were the entrepreneurs, engineers, designers, and planners who contributed to the development of the discommunity : about the property and its com- velopment of the • activities and uses munity . trict? How do the remaining buildings, structures, sites, and objects within the district reflect industrial pro The railroad affected the growth and • influence of technology pro- duction or process? • Brieflydescribe the prehistoryor development of Greeneville, creating • aspects of development histor of the community were the opportunity for businesses like Bartlett's General Store to flourish . the property is located as it di- 48 - - 49 rectly relates to the property . community has a number of neighbor- Highlight any notable events and hoods with the same or similar quali- GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING HISTORIC CONTEXT patterns of development that af- ties, and how the district is unique or fected the property's history, sig- representative in comparison to other nificance, and integrity. districts representing its theme and pe- Identify and provide facts about one or more themes of history to which the property relates through its historic • Explain the importance of the riod . uses, activities, associations, and physical characteristics. These facts should be organized by theme, geographical property in each area of signifi - Incorporate the facts needed ne needed to place, and period of time. Facts may relate to other properties having similar associations or characteristics and cance by showing how the prop- make the case for significance and in existing in the same place and time. (For a complete discussion of historic context, see National Register Bulletin 15: g How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation and National Register Bulletin 16B: How to Complete the Na- erty is unique, outstanding, or tegrity. Consult with the SHPO or tional Register Multiple Property Documentation Form . ) strongly representative of an im- FPO staff for help in determining portant historic context when how much and what kinds of infor- PROPERTIES SIGNIFICANT FOR CRITERION A compared with other properties mation are needed . The site of a piv- of the same or similar period , otal battle or a textbook example of a Explain how the event or pattern of events made an important contribution to the history of the community, characteristics, or associations . prominent architectural style usually State, or nation, and how related types of properties reflect these events, for example, how the advent of the rail- For example, the statement for a resi requires less documentation than a road affected the growth and character of a town in the late 19th century and is represented today by the 1870 associated with a common- depot. dential historic district should discuss property how the associations, architectural place local event or exhibiting a ver- PROPERTIES SIGNIFICANT FOR CRITERION B styles and types, and periods reflected nacular building form about which by the district represent one or several little is written . Explain why the person with whom the property is associated is important to the history of the community, important aspects of the historic devel- State, or nation . Identify also other properties associated with the person and explain their role in the career of opment of the community, whether the the person, for example, how an author who depicted the people, events, and places of her region achieved state- wide recognition and how a rustic mountain retreat and boarding house where she wrote and found inspiration are the surviving properties best associated with her life and career . PROPERTIES SIGNIFICANT FOR CRITERION C Type or method of construction: Explain why the type, period or method of construction represents architec- tural features that are significant in the development of the community, State, or nation, for example, how a local variation of a split-log I-house represents a once common but now rare housing type of the early 19th century ad regionally and is a good example of its type . • Work of a master: Provide facts about the career and work of the artist, architect, engineer, or landscape archi - tect to explain how the person was accomplished in his or her field and made contributions to the art, architec- ture, or landscape architecture of the community, State, or nation , for example, how an architect achieved recogni- tion for his homes of wealthy merchants and produced a large number of middle and upper class residences in the late 1700s in a prosperous seaport . High artistic values : Describe the quality of artistry or craftsmanship present in comparable works in the com- munity, State, or nation, for example, how the elaborate hand -carved woodwork apparent in the public buildings . ' and private homes of a rural county seat in a western State is the notable achievement of a local carpenter and his family over several generations . PROPERTIES SIGNIFICANT FOR CRITERION D Explain why the information the site is likely to yield is important to the knowledge of the prehistory or his- tory of the community, State, or nation, for example, how the data on hunting and gathering practices and tech- nology of a Late Archaic culture will broaden the knowledge and understanding of the culture' s occupation regionally. PROPERTIES OF LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE Identify the local events and activities relating to the property and discuss their importance to local history . PROPERTIES OF STATE SIGNIFICANCE Discuss how the property reflects the history of the State and the ways in which the property is one of the best of similarly associated properties in the State to represent the theme . PROPERTIES OF NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE Discuss how the property reflects an important aspect of the history of the Nation as a whole or has contributed in an exceptional way to the diverse geographical and cultural character of the Nation . Also, explain how the property relates to other properties nationwide having similar associations . (See Chapter V, Documenting Nation - i ally Significant Properties . ) 50 RI 9 . MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LRIMARY _ LOCATION OF REFERENCES ADDITIONAL DATA Mark "x " in the box to indicate where most of the additional docu - mentation about the property is stored . Enter the name of any reposi- 9 . Major Bibliographical References tory other than the SHPO. Bibliography ( Cite the books , articles , and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets . ) Previous documentation on file (NPS) : Primary location of additional data : preliminary determination of individual listing (36 ❑ State Historic Preservation Office CFR 67) has been requested ❑ Other State agency ❑ previously listed in the National Register ❑ Federal agency ❑ previously determined eligible by the National ❑ Local government Register ❑ University O designated a National Historic Landmark I 1 Other ❑ recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey Name of repository : ❑ recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # BIBLIOGRAPHY not include general reference works Page, Jane. "Gustave Gustaysen: Ar- unless they provide specific informa chitect and Craftsman . " Texas Jour- tion about the property or have as- nal of Art 2 (June 1989): 113 25 . Enter the primary and secondary sisted in evaluating the property's sources used in documenting and significance . Stickley, Gustave. Craftsman Homes: evaluating this property on one or Use a standard bibliographical Architecture and Furnishings of the more continuation sheets . These in- style such as that found in A Manual American Arts and Crafts Movement. dude books, journal or magazine arti- of Style or A Manual for Writers by 2nd ed . New York: Craftsman Pub- des, interviews, oral history tapes, Kate L . Turabian, both published by lishing Company, 1909 ; reprint ed . planning documents, historic re- the University of Chicago Press . New York: Dover Publications, 1979 . source studies or survey reports, cen- Lancaster, Clay. The American Bun • sus data, newspaper articles, deeds, galow , 1880- 1930 . New York: Abbe- PREVIOUS wills, correspondence, business re- vine Press, 1985 . cords, diaries, and other sources. Do DOCUMENTATION ON FILE ( NPS ) GUIDELINES FOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES This item is completed by the • For all printed materials, list the author, full title, location and date nominating official . Mark " x " in of publication, and publisher . the appropriate box for any other • For articles, list also the name, volume, and date of the journal or previous NPS action involving the magazine . property being registered . Also enter the survey number, if the property • For unpublished manuscripts, indicate where copies are available . has been recorded by the Historic • For interviews, include the date of the interview, name of the inter- American Buildings Survey ( HABS) viewer, name and title of the person interviewed, and the location or Historic American Engineering where the tape or transcript is stored . Record (HAER) . Also indicate any re- quests for preliminary determina • - • Cite any established historic contexts that have been used to evalu- tions of individual listing (Tax Act ate the property. (Contact the SHPO for information about historic Certification Application—Part One )contexts that may be useful . ) currently in process . • For National Park Service properties that have been listed as classi- fied structures, cite List of Classified Structures . 52 - 53 ii 10 . GEOGRAPHICAL DATA boundaries, and the methods used to GUIDELINES FOR ENTERING UTM REFERENCES determine the boundaries . For exam- ple, a city lot retaining its original • For properties less than 10 acres, enter the UTM reference for the property lines can be justified in a point corresponding to the center of the property . short sentence, while a paragraph may be needed where boundaries are • For properties of 10 or more acres, enter three or more UTM refer- very irregular, where large portions 10 . Geographical Data ences. The references should correspond to the vertices of a polygon of historic acreage have been lost, or drawn on the USGS map according the following steps : where a district's boundaries are rag- Acreage of Property ged because of new construction. 1 . Draw a polygon of three or more sides on the USGS map that Properties with substantial acreage UTM References approximately encompasses the area to be registered . require more explanation than those ( Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet . ) confined to small city lots . 2 . Label the vertices of the polygon numerically, beginning at the 1 l II northwest corner and moving clockwise. The boundary includes the farmhouse, L I l I I L 1 I I I I I I 3 I I I I l l l l l l I l I l I l l outbuildings, fields, orchards, and for- Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing est that have historically 3 . Determine the UTM reference for the point corresponding to oricay been part of 2Iii Lit Li 1 I 1 I II 4 I I I I 1 I 1 I I I l I I l I ii each vertex (see Appendix VIII . Meadowbrook Farm and that maintain • historic integrity. That parcel of the ❑ See continuation sheet Verbal Boundary Description 4 . Enter the references numerically on the form . Use a continua- original farm south of seHighway 61 has (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) lion sheet for additional references . been excluded because it has been sub- divided and developed into a residen- • For linear properties of 10 or more acres, such as a railroad , canal , Hal neighborhood . Boundary Justification highway, or trail, enter three or more UTM references. The references ( Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet . ) should correspond to points along a line drawn on the USGS map ac Boundaries for archeological prop- cording to the following steps : erties often call for longer justifica- tions, referring to the kinds of meth- This section defines the location ACREAGE OF UTM REFERENCES 1 . Draw a line on the USGS map indicating the course of the odology employed, distribution of and extent of the property being nom - known sites, reliability of survey- inated . It also explains why the PROPERTY property. based predictions, and amount of un- boundaries were selected . Review Enter one or more Universal Trans - surveyed acreage . the guidelines on pages 56 and 57 be- 2 . Mark and label numerically points along the line that correspond y P g verse Mercator (UTM) grid refer- to the beginning, end, and each major shift in direction. Order The southern boundaryofthe site is es- fore selecting boundaries and corn- Enter the number of acres compris ences to identifythe exact location of ) letin this information. For addi- ing the property in the blank . Acre- the numbers in sequence from beginning to end . tablished by the limit of cultural mate- P g the property. Enter only complete, rials andfeatures and roughly tional guidance, see National Register age should be accurate to the nearest unabbreviated references . Upto 26 8 y Bulletin 21 : How to Establish Bound- whole acre; fractions of acres to the 3 . Determine the UTM reference for each point . corresponds to a lowering in grade. references will be enteredthe for National Register Properties nearest tenth should be recorded, if inThe highest artifact densities recovered aries 81 P NRIS data base . and National Register Bulletin 12: De '- known . If the property is substan 4 . Enter the references numerically on the form . Use a continuation during surface collection were noted at 8 fi tiallysmaller than one acre, less A United States Geological Survey sheet for additional references . the northern and western edges ofthe nition of National Register Boundaries8 than one acre" maybe entered . ( USGS ) quadrangle map and a UTM plowed field . Byextrapolation, it is for Archeological Properties . counter are necessarytools for deter- • If UTM references define the boundaries of the property, as well as in- p For discontiguous districts, pro- Where accuracy to one acre is not dicate location, the polygon or line delineated bythe references must likely that the site extends into the g P miningUTM reference points. The P yg vide a set ofgeographical data— in- practical, for example, for districtswooded areas to the north and west . P USGS mapis also required documen- correspond exactly with the property' s boundaries . (See Appendix eluding acreage, UTMs, and a bound- over 100 acres, a USGS acreage esti- q VIII. ) The western boundary is established mator may be used to calculate acre- tation ( see Maps on pages 61 to 63 ) . by the railroad cut which corresponds ary description and justification—forRefer to Appendix VIII and National roughly to the original terrace edge. each separate area of land . (See page age . Register Bulletin 28: Using the UTM The northern and eastern boundaries 57 for an explanation of discontigu- Grid System to Record Historic Sites for VERBAL The description must be accurate are set the contour line marking ous districts . ) and precise. Follow guidelines on an instructions on determining the refer- abrupt fall to the wetland .BOUNDARY page 58 . ences. Many State historic preserva- P g ex- c ompleting tion offices will assist applicants in DESCRIPTION in the For discontiguous districtss eon completing this item . plainboundary justification BOUNDARY how the property meets the condi- Describe the boundaries of the JUSTIFICATION tions for a discontiguous district and property on one or more continua- how the boundaries were selected for tion sheets. Use one of the following each area . forms: For all properties, provide a brief • A legal parcel number . and concise explanation of the rea- sons for selecting the boundaries. • A block and lot number . The reasons should be based on the • A sequence of metes and bounds . property' s historic significance and integrity, and they should conform to • Dimensions of a parcel of land the Guidelines for Selecting Boundaries fixed upon a given point such as on pages 56 and 57. the intersection of two streets, a The complexity and length of the natural feature, or a manmade justification depends on the nature of structure . the property, the irregularity of the 54 5 1 GUIDELINES FOR SELECTING BOUNDARIES 3 . Boundaries at a specific time in history, such as the original city limits or the legally recorded boundaries of a housing subdivision, estate, or ranch . ALL PROPERTIES 4 . Clearly differentiated patterns of historical development, such as commercial versus residential or • Carefully select boundaries to encompass, but not to exceed, the full extent of the significant resources and industrial . land area making up the property . • A historic district may contain discontiguous elements only under the following circumstances : • The area to be registered should be large enough to include all historic features of the property, but should not include "buffer zones" or acreage not directly contributing to the significance of the property . 1 . When visual continuity is not a factor of historic significance, when resources are geographically • Leave out peripheral areas of the property that no longer retain integrity, due to subdivision, development, or separate, and when the intervening space lacks significance : for example, a cemetery located outside other changes. a rural village. • "Donut holes" are not allowed . No area or resources within a set of boundaries may be excluded from listing 2 . When manmade resources are interconnected by natural features that are excluded from the National in the National Register. Identify nonhistoric resources within the boundaries as noncontributing. Register listing: for example, a canal system that incorporates natural waterways. • Use the following features to mark the boundaries : 3 . When a portion of a district has been separated by intervening development or highway construction 1 . Legally recorded boundary lines . and when the separated portion has sufficient significance and integrity to meet the National Register criteria . 2 . Natural topographic features, such as ridges, valleys, rivers, and forests . ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES AND DISTRICTS 3 . Manmade features, such as stone walls; hedgerows; the curblines of highways, streets, and roads; areas • The selection of boundaries for archeological sites and districts depends primarily on the scale and horizontal of new construction . extent of the significant features. A regional pattern or assemblage of remains, a location of repeated habita- 4 . For large properties, topographic features, contour lines, and section lines marked on USGS maps . tion, a location or a single habitation, or some other distribution of archeological evidence, all imply different P spatial scales. Although it is not always possible to determine the boundaries of a site conclusively, a knowl - BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND OBJECTS edge of local cultural history and related features such as site type can help predict the extent of a site. Con- sider the property' s setting and physical characteristics along with the results of archeological survey to deter- • Select boundaries that encompass the entire resource, with historic and contemporary additions. Include any mine the most suitable approach . surrounding land historically associated with the resource that retains its historic integrity and contributes to • Obtain evidence through one or several of the following techniques: the property' s historic significance. • For objects, such as sculpture, and structures, such as ships, boats, and railroad cars and locomotives, the 1 . Subsurface testing, including test excavations, core and auger borings, and observation of cut banks . boundaries may be the land or water occupied by the resource without any surroundings . 2 . Surface observation of site features and materials that have been uncovered by plowing or other • For urban and suburban properties that retain their historic boundaries and integrity, use the legally re- disturbance or that have remained on the surface since deposition . corded parcel number or lot lines . • Boundaries for rural properties may be based on : 3 . Observation of topographic or other natural features that may or may not have been present during the period of significance . 1 . A small parcel drawn to immediately encompass the significant resources, including outbuildings and associated setting, or 4 . Observation of land alterations subsequent to site formation that may have affected the integrity of the • site. 2 . Acreage, including fields, forests, and open range, that was associated with the property historically and conveys the property' s historic setting. (This area must have historic integrity and contribute to the 5 . Study of historical or ethnographic documents, such as maps and journals . property' s historic significance . ) HISTORIC SITES • If the techniques listed above cannot be applied, set the boundaries by conservatively estimating the extent and location of the significant features. Thoroughly explain the basis for selecting the boundaries in the • For historic sites, select boundaries that encompass the area where the historic events took place. Include boundary justification . only portions of the site retaining historic integrity and documented to have been directly associated with the event. • If a portion of a known site cannot be tested because access to the property has been denied by the owner, the boundaries may be drawn along the legal property lines of the portion that is accessible, provided that por- HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL DISTRICTS tion by itself has sufficient significance to meet the National Register criteria and the full extent of the site is • Select boundaries to encompass the single area of land containing the significant concentration of buildings, unknown . sites, structures, or objects making up the district. The district' s significance and historic integrity should help • Archeological districts may contain discontiguous elements under the following circumstances: determine the boundaries. Consider the following factors : 1 . When one or several outlying sites has a direct relationship to the significance of the main portion of the 1 . Visual barriers that mark a change in the historic character of the area or that break the continuity of the district, through common cultural affiliation or as related elements of a pattern of land use, and district, such as new construction, highways, or development of a different character . 2 . When the intervening space does not have known significant resources . 2 . Visual changes in the character of the area due to different architectural styles, types or periods, or to a decline in the concentration of contributing resources . (Geographically separate sites not forming a discontiguous district may be nominated together as individual properties within a multiple property submission . ) 1 , GUIDELINES FOR VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION 11 . FORM PREPARED BY • To describe only a portion of a city lot, use fractions, dimensions, or other means . The south 1 /2 of Lot 36 The eastern 20 feet of Lot 57 11 . Form Prepared By • A map drawn to a scale of at least 1 " = 200 feet may be used in place of a verbal description . When using a map, note under the heading "verbal boundary description" that the boundaries are indicated on the accompa- n in base map. The mapmust clearlyindicate the boundaries of the property in relationshipto standingname/title - - Y g P P h' - structures or natural or manmade features such as rivers, highways, or shorelines . Plat, local planning, or tax maps may be used . Maps must include the scale and a north arrow. organization date The boundary of Livermore Plantation is shown as the dotted line on the accompanying map entitled "Survey, street & number - telephone Livermore Plantation, 1958 . " • For large properties whose boundaries correspond to a polygon, section lines, or contour lines on the USGS city or town state zip code map, the boundaries marked on the USGS map may be used in place of a verbal boundary description. In this case, simply note under the heading "verbal boundary description" that the boundary line is indicated on the This section identifies the person In the blanks, enter the following 4 . Address. USGS map. If USGS quadrangle maps are not available, provide a map of similar scale and a careful and accu- rate description including street names, property lines, or geographical features that delineate the perimeter of who prepared the form and his or information: 5 . Daytime telephone number . the boundary . her affiliation. This person is respon- sible for the information contained in 1 . Name of the person who pre- 6 . Date the form was completed . The boundaryofthe nominated property is delineated bythe polygon whose vertices are marked bythefollowingthe form. The SHPO, FPO, or the Na- pared the form. UTM referece oints: A 18 313500 4136270, B 18 31770 4135940, C 18 313040 4136490 . tional Park Service maycontact this 2 . Professional title, if applic- Use a continuation sheet, if more person if a question arises about the able . space is needed . • If none of the options listed above are feasible, describe the boundaries in a narrative using street names, form or if additional information is 3 . Organization with which pre- property lines, geographical features, and other lines of convenience . Begin by defining a fixed reference needed . parer is affiliated, if applic- point and proceed by describing the perimeter in an orderly sequence, incorporating both dimensions and di- able . rection. Draw boundaries that correspond to rights-of-way to one side or the other but not along the center- line. Beginning at a point on the east bank of the Lazy River and 60 ' south of the center of Maple Avenue, proceed east • 150' along the rear property lines of 212 -216 Maple Avenue to the west curbline of Main Street . Then proceed north 150' along the west curbline of Main Street, turning west for 50 ' along the rear property line of 217 Maple Avenue. Then proceed north 50 ' to the rear property line of 215 Maple Avenue, turning west for 100' to the east bank of the Lazy River. Then proceed south along the river bank to the point of origin . • For rural properties where it is difficult to establish fixed reference points such as highways, roads, legal par- cels of land, or tax parcels, refer to the section grid appearing on the USGS map if it corresponds to the actual • boundaries . NW 1 /4, SE 1 /4, NE 1 /4, SW 1 /4, Section 28, Township 35, Range 17 • For rural properties less than one acre, the description may be based on the dimensions of the property fixed upon a single point of reference . The property is a rectangular parcel measuring 50 x 100 feet, whose northwest corner is 15 feet directly northwest of the northwest corner of the foundation of the barn and whose southeast corner is 15 feet directly southeast of the southeast corner of the foundation of the farmhouse. • For objects and structures, such as sculpture, ships and boats, railroad locomotives or rolling stock, and air- craft, the description may refer to the extent or dimensions of the property and give its location . The ship at permanent berth at Pier 56 . The statue whose boundaries form a circle with a radius of 17 .5 feet centered on the statue located in Oak Hill Park. 58 59 ADDITIONAL DOCUMENT MAPS - ATION r � _ 3 N N. GEOGRAPHICAL MAP _ Submit a United States Geological _ y REVNIA ___ Survey map clearly locating the 1 _ \� CONTINUATION MPS -Mr pproval No property within a city or other geo- graphicalI p - p , • • r• . • J �� area . Followguidelines on x � $�_ V !.,5.0 n 5, . I � 9 � - - � = 4 SHEETS United States Department of the Interior . 1oZ v .y, ' � • r page 63 . ROANE l =s National Park Service • „ _ ibm . 5111.nY ; Use the National Register Continu- National Register of Historic Places SKETCH MAP Atfifi � ation Sheet (NPS 10-900- a ) or a corn Continuation Sheet 9 n i — puter-generated form for additional Submit at least one detailed map ST. entries and narrative items . Section number Page or sketch map for districts and for �" I ; I I properties containing a substantial 1 . iinumber of sites, structures, or build r - ings . Plat books, insurance maps, i _ I r id CUMON ST bird ' s-eye views, district highway 4, -�— I I • �1nbu+, maps, and hand -drawn maps may be � N ^" ;b9+ °s ROANE STREET COMMERCIAL DISTRICT HARRIMAN . TENNESSEE used . Sketch maps need not be CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT drawn to a precise scale, unless they Sketch map for Roane Street Commercial Historic District, Harriman, Tennessee, shows contrib- are also used in place of a boundary uting and noncontributing resources , street addresses, the numbers and vantage points of photo- description . (See page 62 for guide- graphs accompanying the nomination , and streets in and surrounding the district . lines . ) (Tennessee State Historic Preservation Office) �� .111 -.. ' "6 ° / / i II. I f, i I , • `— I �� . •I �, • N1AIr1 S se4 TRen1 CDr1iA ir3u l ' et ' . I .;:...;. I . . 4 a •... • II SToRtt. DISTRICT ; • " 45 4 c • I go Q '4 ‘ \ , • • jttiyim) i 6 ) +0 < ' t i 35abell '1 338 o I , 1 I) I rD 3ea3e 1 a7Bs J ` °> J • kr I I . . I . f � . a ( AGO 360/ i � a . '� l � _ _ llVL I� ( .11 _ ell ( r F. LIr'ir I ' ( _ 1 • 1 f 1 J lark � s , s � , 1 GUIDELINES FOR CONTINUATION SHEETS , • On each sheet, enter the following information : - - -' I tR j = ll 1 . Section and page number in the blanks at the top of the form . tCATERTO \kiN 2 . Name of the property, county, and State in the space to the right ' I j `� !``' t`J Ll `kRI\\ of the page number or at the upper left below the line . 4 This USGS quadrangle shows the location and boundaries of the Main Street Commercial Historic District, in Watertown , Wisconsin . The dis- 3 . A heading for each item with the corresponding information . trict encompasses the city 's downtown commercial center, which developed over a 100-year period from 1841 to 1938 . ( Wisconsin State Histori- P g cal Society) • Information for several sections may be placed on one continuation sheet . In this case, enter the section numbers at the top of the page. Enter the information numerically by section . • Order pages in numerical sequence regardless of the section number . For example, ten sheets accompanying a form would be numbered 1 " 1 " through " 10 . " 60 61 GUIDELINES FOR SKETCH MAPS GUIDELINES FOR GEOGRAPHICAL MAPS PHOTOGRAPHS • Maps should be drawn or printed on archival paper and folded to fit an archival folder approximately 81 / 2 • Use a 7.5 or 15 minute series United States Geological Survey ( USGS) Submit clear and descriptive black by 11 inches. When submitting a large map that is not on archival paper, fold the map and submit it in an ar- Map. Do not submit fragments or copies of USGS maps because they and white photographs with each chival folder no larger than 81 / 2 by 11 inches. cannot be checked for UTM references . If there is no USGS map for registration form. Photographs • Display on one or several identical maps the following information : the area, a State highway map or, for maritime resources, nautical should give an honest visual repre- chartsmay be used . sentation of the historic integrity and 1 . Boundaries of the property, carefully delineated . • Do not use adhesive labels or ink on the map . Use pencil only. They significant should illustrate features the property. They the qualities 2 . Names of streets, including those bordering the district . • On the map, identify the following items: discussed in the description and state- ment of significance . One photo- 1 . Name of the property . graph may be adequate to document 3 . Names of places, such as street addresses or parcel numbers, that correspond to the description of a property consisting of a single resources in section 7. 2 . Location of the property . building or object, while many will 4 . Highway numbers. be needed for districts and larger 3 . UTM references entered in section 10 and their corresponding properties. One copy of each photo- 5 . A north arrow ( magnetic or true) . , points (see page 55 ) . graph is submitted to the National • For properties less than 10 acres, label the UTM reference for the Register . The SHPO or FPO may re- 6. Approximate scale. point corresponding to the center of the property . quire one or more additional sets of photographs . • For properties having 10 or more acres : For advice and guidance on photo- 7. Contributing buildings, sites, structures, and objects, keyed to the photographs and sections 7 and 8 (see graphing architecture and other his- Guidelines for Describing Properties, pages 31 to 34, for instructions on providing a list in place of identify- 1 . Indicate the approximate boundaries of the property . toric resources, see National Register ing contributing and noncontributing resources on a sketch map) . Bulletin 23: How to Improve the Qual- 2 . Draw a polygon encompassing the boundaries . ity of Photos for National Register Nomi 8 . Noncontributing buildings, sites, structures, and objects, keyed to the photographs and sections 7 and 8 . nations . 3 . Label each vertex of the polygon by number and UTM reference 9 . Land uses and natural features covering substantial acreage or having historic significance, such as for- as entered in section 10 . Order numbers sequentially, beginning ests, fields, orchards, rivers, lakes, and harbors . in the northwest corner and moving clockwise . BASIC REQUIREMENTS 10. Number and vantage point of each accompanying photograph . • For linear properties : Photographs must be : • Use coding, crosshatching, numbering, transparent overlays, or other graphic techniques to indicate the infor- 1 . Draw a line indicating the course of the property . • unmounted (do not affix photo- mation. Do not use color because it can not be reproduced by microfilming or photocopying. graphs to forms by staples, clips, 2 . Label, by UTM reference and number, the points along the line glue, or any other material), • For archeological sites and districts, include the following additional items : that correspond to the beginning, end, and each major shift in direction (as entered in section 10) . Order numbers in sequence • high in quality, 1 . Location and extent of disturbances, including previous excavations . from beginning to end . • at least 31 / 2 x 5 inches; prefera- 2 . Location of specific significant features and artifact loci . ' • bly 8 x 10 inches, • • printed on double or medium- 3 . Distribution of sites in a district . t ‘..., t weight paper having a standard 1." finish (matte, glossy, satin ), • For properties of 10 or more acres, a USGS map may be used in place of a sketch map as long as it contains • . • 10" , t , the required information . Several maps drawn to a larger scale may be used to show the concentration of re - ?; ` - • properly processed and thor- s `z . sources in a small area; these should be keyed as inserts to a map covering the entire property, such as a large t , .. ,4 ; 7 oughly washed , and area map or the USGS map . «� _ • t • labelled in pencil ( see Resin-coated • Sketch maps may also supplement section 7 to illustrate the following : . `�'� Y ' %a� ' r' ^ ', A, ��' ' �° Papers on page 65 . ) 1 . Evolution of a property . � : "afj " . 14 i7tr� • I Q t a� el .� 3 Ott ' d t. ` 9 ° ' r, r. USE OF PHOTOGRAPHIC fi vx 0 , r `. ' I ' 2 . Alterations to a building or complex of buildings . ' ` F PAPERS 3 . Floor plans of a significant interior. y x n;,� ► Black and white papers currently i 4 t � ` ,. . '"► ! d � ' { t • try available may be used . Recom- ` � � ' ( mended to ensure longterm durabil-4 . Major architectural styles, periods, or building types in a historic district. i g .,..,' ti . - 1 , ! q,,, -14„ , �'i ity are fiber-based papers or resin- coated papers that have been pro- 5 . Composition of representative sites within an archeological district . t ‘ cessed in trays. Resin-coated papers S . ' Ik ia � Y P P - �" j " that have been processed automati- � ;� ��" : ! ' � • ,� � cally, however, will be accepted pro „y, ; "1, vided they contain no evidence of re- sidual chemicals, fading, or yellow- The Farmington Canal in Hartford and New Haven Counties, Connecticut, was constructed be- ing. Archival printing (as required tween 1828 and 1847. Along its 56 miles, the canal contains 281ocks, numerous bridges, cul for Historic American Buildings Sur- verts, and an aqueduct . (Historic Resources Consultants) h2 63 1 vey and Historic American Engineer- RESIN - COATED PAPERS their acidity may cause the photo- photographs for the State files, sketch ing Record documentation), the use GUIDELINES FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC COVERAGE graph to deteriorate . maps, footnotes, or chain of title. of a hypo-clearing or neutralizing To label photographs on paper that This information may have a variety agent, thorough washing, and toning The number of photographic views depends on the size and complex- will not accept pencil marks (includ- of purposes, including documenta- in selenium or sepia are further rec- ity of the property. Submit as many photographs as needed to depict the ing many resin-coated papers), print USE OF NATIONAL lion for State registers. ommended to prolong the useful life current condition and significant aspects of the property. Include repre- with a permanent audio-visual mark- REGISTER PHOTOGRAPHS All SHPOs will need the names and of photographs submitted to the Na sentative views of both contributingand noncontributingresources. ing pen or pencil the name and loca- addresses of all fee-simple property tional Register. Photographs with tion of the property and number of By allowing a photograph to be owners. This information is used to Prints of historic photographs may supplement documentation and may p Y submitted to the National Park Ser- borders are preferred, but not re- be particularlyuseful in describingthe historic integrity of properties the photograph (items 1 , 2, and 7) in notify owners of the intended nomi- quired . tht have undergone manyalteratins or changes . ty p p the lower right of the front border. If vice with a National Register form, nation of their property to the Na- thereg gphotographerspermission to is no border, this information granttional Register and afterwards its list- the National Park Service to use the BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES, AND OBJECTS maybe printed in the lower right on ing. The SHPO or FPO mayask a LABELLINGJ the ac of thephotograph. Lit ad- photograph for publication and other plicants to enter this informtion o PHOTOGRAPHS • Submit one or more views to show the principal facades and the envi - ditional informtion n continua- purposes, including duplication, dis- te form, on continuation sheets, or Thepreferred wayto label photo- ronment or setting in which the property is located . lion sheet. Because no marking pens play, distribution, study, publicity, in another form. p • Additions, alterations, intrusions, and dependencies shouldappear are stable, take care to con- and audio-visual presentations . When there are anyspecial circum- graphs is to print in pencil (soft leadParchivally P pencils work best) on the back of the in the photographs . fine any marks to the edges of the stances, the SHPO or FPO will also photograph . Include the following • Include views of interiors, outbuildings, landscaping, or unusual de- print and make sure that ink does not submit the following items with the ADDITIONAL ITEMS information: tails if the significance of the property is entirely or in part based on smudge or bleed through to adjoin- completed National Register form: 1 . Name of property or, for them . ing prints . • j • Notarized letters of objection In addition to the requirements de- from property owners districts, the name of the P p Y HISTORIC AND ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES ADHESIVE LABELS • scribed in this bulletin, SHPOs and building or street address FPOs may require additional inform • Comments received from public followed by the name of the • Submit one or more photographs to depict the condition of the site Photographs with adhesive labels mation not requested on the Na- officials, owners, and the general district. and any above-ground or surface features and disturbances. will not be accepted, because the la- tional Register form . Additional public . 2 . County and State where the • If they are relevant to the evaluation of significance, include draw- bels detach from the photograph and items may include a duplicate set of property is located . ings or photographs that illustrate artifacts that have been removed 3 . Name of photographer . from the site. 4 . Date of photograph . • At least one photograph should show the physical environment and configuration of the land making up the site. 5 . Location of original negative . 6 . Description of view indicating ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORIC DISTRICTS direction of camera . • Submit photographs representing the major building types and 7. Photograph number. ( For styles, pivotal buildings and structures, representative noncontribu - districts, use this number to ting resources, and any important topographical or spatial elements identify the vantage point on defining the character of the district . the accompanying sketch • Streetscapes, landscapes, or aerial views are recommended . map. ) • Views of individual buildings are not necessary, if streetscapes and An alternative method of labelling other views clearly illustrate the significant historical and architec- is to use a continuation sheet. To do tural qualities of the district . this, label the photographs by name • Key all photographs to the sketch map for the district . of property, city and State, and photo - graph number (items 1 , 2, and 7) . ARCHEOLOGICAL DISTRICTS List the remaining information (items • Submit photographs of the principal sites and site types within the 3-6) on a continuation sheet, identify- district following the guidelines above for archeological sites . ing the number of each photograph and each item . Information common to all photographs, such as the photographer's name or the location of negatives, may be listed once with a statement that it applies to all pho- tographs. 64 h , • Discuss any reasons why a prop- PHOTOGRAPHS erty not meeting the registration requirements for its property Submit one or more photographs type merits listing in the National with each registration form . Photo- ' V . DOCUMENTING � , Register . (For example, upon fur- graphs must illustrate the characteris- F � F tt, p ther information the registration tics that relate the property to its „ � °, ° a requirements should be revised , property type, as well as depict its ROPERTESWTI HIN or, under certaineq conditions,mshould overall character and condition . some of the requirements sh be waived . ) CONTINUATION SHEETS MULTIPLE PROPERTY 9 . BIBLIOGRAPHY Label and number continuation 44, sheets for each registration form -+r ' sep - arately from the multiple property SUBMISSIONS �'� form and each other . Include the Cite only sources specifically relat- ing to the property being docu - name of the multiple property listing i / � � with theproperty ' s name and loca - mented . Cite sources relating to the "' group as a whole on the multiple tion . Do not combine items for sepa - property form . rate properties on a single continua - _ tion sheet . Document each property within a 10 . GEOGRAPHICAL P p ty 1 . NAME OF its property type. Describe also addi- � multiple property submission on a tional features that make it unique or DATA ORGANIZING THE separate registration form (NPS 10- PROPERTY distinctive . When discussing the The e, Whitman Grain Company Elevator and Flat SUBMISSION 900) . Each property will be listed in- house, County, Washington, is one P P tYproperty' s historic and current condi- of several properties listed in the National dividually in the National Register . tion, address any alterations, addi- Register aspart ofthe multiple property (Note: While a district maybe one of When naming the property, selectgi P P P y Provide a complete set of geo- a name that is different from that of dons, disturbances, or other changes group, Grain Production in Eastern Washing- graphical data with each completed Submit completed registration the types of property within a multi- that affect the property' s representa- ton . (Holstine) fforms either separately or together le property group, it is bydefinition other properties in the multiple form . as a group . This may be done t the P P P h' gT P, tion of its property type. an individual property not a multiple Property. group . If necessary, differ- an individual entiate similar names by adding a any criteria considerations as a same time or after the multiple prop- Registration forms for properties number, the location, or some other $ , STATEMENT OF member of its property type . ADDITIONAL erty form is submitted . descriptive term. DOCUMENTATION When submitting a core group of may be completed at the same time P SIGNIFICANCE Additional paragraphs should : properties with a multiple property as the multiple property documenta- World War II Japanese Fortification— form, include a continuation sheet tion form, or any time thereafter. Site 2 • Discuss any additional signifi listin the properties. Additional One of the major reasons for group- United States Post Office—Main For most properties within a multi- cance, mentioning other historic MAPS properties pro be added to the multi ing properties together for listing is Branch pie property listing, a summary pars- contexts, themes, or areas of sig- to reduce the amount of documenta- graph is sufficient. The paragraph nificance related to the property . A single USGS quadrangle map pie property listing at any time . tion on each property. This applies identifies the themes or historic con- may be used to indicate the location Properties will be identified in the particularly to information about texts for the property andprovideso • Provide background information of several properties. Also, a single NRIS by the name of both the prop- 3 . CERTIFICATION P P tY linking the property with the pre- tax map or other large area map may erty and the multiple property listing . methodology, bibliography, and his- specific facts about theproperty' s his- g g p be used as a sketch map or in place of toric context that relates to thegroupP historyor historyof the eo ra h- tory and condition that link it to the ical area where the property is lo - a verbal boundary description for as a whole . Common information is The appropriate certifying and corn- historic contexts and property types cated, if this is not covered in the more than one property . discussed once in the multiple prop- menting officials sign each registra- documented on the multiple prop- multiple property form . erty documentation form (NPS 10- tion form. (See Appendix VII. ) erty documentation form. The more 900-b) and can be simply referenced specific the registration requirements in the individual registration forms . 5 CLASSIFICATION are in the multiple property form, the Follow the instructions in Chapter shorter and simpler the statement of III to complete these forms, noting significance will be . the shortcuts listed in this chapter. Enter the name of the multiple In the summary paragraph : Applicants should also consult with property listing to which the ro the SHPO or FPO when document- P P Identify the historic contexts and erty belongs. ing a property within a multiple list- P ro ert types P Y represented by the ing. Port Huron Multiple Properties property. (These should cone- See the instructions for completing Historic and Historic Archeological spond to those documented on . the multiple property form in Na- the multiple property form. ) Resources of the Iron Industry on the Westland Highland Rim tional Register Bulletin 16B: How to • Provide facts relating Complete the National Register Multiple the prop- Complete erty to each historic context and Property Documentation Form for an showing that the property pos- explanation of property types and 7. DESCRIPTION sesses the physical or associative registration requirements . characteristics required for listing Identify the physical features that as a member of its property type . identify the property as a member of • Discuss how the property meets the National Register criteria and 66 - -. 67 , I ing judgements of national signifi - 2 . LOCATION ( In some cases, it may be advisable cance from professional literature. to prepare separate forms and refer- ence them within the larger district DOCUMENTINGIf the property having national nomination . ) V • DOCUMENTING sig- nificance is different than the prop - NATIONAL erty having State and local impor- tance, provide two sets of informs - 8 . SIGNIFICANCE NATIONALLY SIGNIFICANT SIGNIFICANCE lion for location . Enter the infor- mation for the locally or State signifi STATEMENT OF Applicants are encouraged to pro- cant property on the form , and that PP g for the nationally significant portion SIGNIFICANCE PROPERTIES vide information in the National Reg- on a continuation sheet . ister formmthat makes the case for When filling in the blanks on the NHL designation . This information form, enter only the information ap- is entered on continuation sheets and 3 , STATE / FEDERAL plying to the National Register signif- supplements the documentation for icance of the property . National Register listing ( i .e . , State or AGENCY List on a continuation sheet enti - The SHPO, FPO, and others mayand a substantial amount of time, at local significance) . The continuation CERTIFICATION tied , " National Significance " : NHL CRITERIA sheets should : 1 . Applicable NHL criteria . use the National Register Registra- least 18 months in most cases. PP tion Form, with certain additional in- Through the National Register nomi- • Cite the qualifying NHL criteria LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCEAny P g gi 2 . exceptions to the NHL formation, to recommend properties While the NHL criteria are similar, nationprocess, a property docu- ( see Appendix V for listing of cri p p p p ty criteria . for designation as National Historic they are not identical to those of the mented as having national impor- teria ), The certifying official marks "x" 3 . NHL theme(s ), subthemes, and Landmarks (NHLs) . National Register, and set a very tance can be listed for its State and • State the related NHL theme and in all the boxes that apply. "Na- facets to which the property This chapter supplements Chapter stringent test for national signifi- local importance . After the property explain the property' s relation- tional " is interpreted as a recommen- relates ( refer to History and III and explains how persons prepar- cance, including high historic integ- has been listed , the National Register ship to it, and dation only until NHL designation is Prehistory in the National Park ing National Register forms can docu- rity. If, after reviewing the criteria, staff may recommend it to the Land- approved . ment national significance. Those applicants are satisfied that the prop- marks staff for consideration as a • Explain how the property has sig- System and the National Historic who believe a property has national erty is a reasonable candidate for NHL . nificance at the national level . Landmarks Program 1987 ) . significance and qualifies for NHL NHL designation, they should then If a property is already listed in the 7 . DESCRIPTION 4 . Periods and dates of national designation should first review the contact the SHPO and the National NHL THEME National Register, the documentation significance . NHL criteria for national significance Historic Landmarks Survey staff in may be amended from State or local the resources contribut- Emerald Mound Identify in Appendix V. the History Division of the National STUDIES significance to national significance �' Park Service (see Appendix IX). If the (particularly if new information is ing to national significance . Do this Adams County, Mississippi ro er is an archeological site or in one of the following ways : National Significance P P tY g available). Applicants can do this by WHAT ARE district, they should also consult the NHLs are most often identified revising the entire form or by submit- • List on a separate continuation Criterion: 6 archeological assistance staff in the through theme studies by the Land- additional documentation on sheet the names of the resources NATIONAL ting Theme: The Original National Park Service regional office. marks Survey staff. Theme studies continuation sheets (see Chapter VI contributing to the national signif- Inhabitants HISTORIC SHPO and NPS staff will help the ap- consist of a context or theme state- on amending forms) . icance of the property . Subthernes: Native Village LANDMARKS plicant determine whether NHL des- ment and a series of National Regis- . All continuation sheets document- • Identify, on a separate sketch and Communities ignation should be pursued and ter forms relating to a particular topic ing national significance will become the resources contributingIndian Meets European ( NHLS ) ? what information is needed to make in U . S . history or archeology, such as part of the official file if the property map, to national significance. Period of National Significance: the case for national significance. westward expansion, architecture, is designated as a NHL . AD 1200- 1730 NHLs are districts, science, or education . There are 34 When documenting a property be- If only a portion of a National Reg- structures, andd icts, sites,foundbuildings,topos- themes, divided into subthemes and lieved to be of national significance, ister property has national objectssignifi- NHL DESIGNATION facets . These are listed in History follow the instructions for complet- cance and is beingrecommended for sess national significance in illustrat and Prehistoryin the National Park Sys- P Johnson 's Island Civil War Prison ing or representing the prehistoryy ing the registration form in Chapter NHL designation, explain the differ- Ottawa County, Ohio re of the United States . NHLs are designated bythe Secre- Program and National Historic Landmarks III and the special instructions given ences between the two sets of bound - and ' g Program ( 1987), which is available below . aries. The description should clearly National Significance NHLs are designated by the Secre- tary of the Interior after the National from NPS' s HistoryDivision . Themedescribe whatis withinthe tary of the Interior. Other than inclu- Park System Advisory Board reviews nationally Criteria: 1 and 6 Sion in the National Park System, National Register forms explaining studies will consider properties al- significant portion of the property Theme: Civil War Landmark designation is the Federal the national significance of the prop- ready listed in the National Register, 1 . NAME OF and what is not . Subthemes: War in the East government's only official designa - erties . The National Historic Land- but may include others not yet listed . PROPERTY Differences in boundaries may re- War in the West tion of the national significance of a marks Survey staff prepares, reviews, If a property has not been listed , des- sult from : Period of National Significance: property. ignation as a NHL confers listing in • An individual property of na- 1861 - 1865 historicNHLs number less or revises these forms before theyare • the National Register. Select the historic name reflecting than four percent of the properties considered by the Board . The Land- tional significance being within a On continuation sheets, summarize listed in the National Register . marks Surveystaff is eager to work It is easier to make the case for na - the highest level at which the prop- National Register district . g' g tional significance if a theme study erty is important . g the case for national significance, de- directly with interested individuals , provides the context to judge relative • A smaller NHL district lying veloping the statement at the na- organizations, and SHPO and Fed- Bethune, MaryMcLeod, Home tional level , and relatingit to the eral agency staff who wish to docu- significance. If no theme study of within a district of State and local g Y comparable properties exists, or if it Princeton Battlefield significance . NHL criteria and themes as well as ment properties for NHL designation . is incomplete, the applicant will need the National Register (State and NHL designation requires different to document the context on the form . Fort Sheridan Historic District • A property of local or State impor- local ) significance. Although the and more comprehensive documents- tance being within a NHL district . statement is a recommendation only lion than National en Register listingThis can be done, for example, by cit - until designation occurs, state it af- 68 69 firmatively and support it by a dis- cussion of the proposed historic GUIDELINES FOR DOCUMENTING NATIONAL theme and facts about the property . SIGNIFICANCE Quotations from nationally known a strong sources careful citations maybe • Support claims for national significance by historical facts and com- VI . 1St/IENDING N AT I O N A L a stron testimonyfor national si nit parisons of the property to themes of national importance and to sim- icance. liar properties nationwide . Often the easiest way to do this is to com- pare the property to existing NHLs and units of the National Park � REGISTER FORMS 10 . GEOGRAPHICAL System . DATA • NHL themes are not necessarily represented uniformly nationwide. Regional patterns and property types found only in one part of the country may be significant nationally if the pattern they represent re - If a different set of boundaries is flects an important trend in the history of the United States . proposed for the nationally signifi - • Documentation on a National • document the individual sig- Registration forms maybe cantse propertyand separate forms Areas of national significance may differ from those of local and State g- g p significance. For example, a hospital may be important for its , archi- Register Registration Form may be nificance of a resource within the amended in any of the following will not be prepared, define two sets tectural design nationally, statewide, and locally, but have impor- revised, expanded, or updated at property ways : of boundaries and provide separate tance in medicine onlystatewide. any time after National Register list- data for each. Enter the • increase boundaries 1 . Submit continuation geographical ing. Amendments may be made for set based on the property having Na- • National significance requires that a property be exceptionally impor- 1 many reasons : • decrease boundaries sheets with the new tional Register significance (State and tant compared to similar properties. For example, only the finest or information and an local ) on the form; enter the set defin- the most influential works by a master American architect are likely • change a property' s historic name • reclassify contributing and non- explanation of the ing the property of national impor- to be designated NHLs . Also, not all residences of nationally promi - • update the condition of the contributing resources amendment . tance on a continuation sheet. nent persons are strong candidates; only those with the strongest and property • gain approval to move the proper- 2 . Complete a new form longest associations are likely to be designated . ty that incorporates former • clarify boundaries • list adocumentation, new • Establishing national significance requires the examination of the propertyre- ADDITIONAL • expand significance for : that was p information, and proposed theme in which the property is significant to the extent necessary to p g viously determined eligible DOCUMENTATION ascertain that the property represents an important aspect of the changes . theme on a national scale and is outstandingin its representation . 1 . additional levels ( including • remove a property from the Na- p 1 recommendations for NHL tional Register 3 . For boundary changes, • NHL nominations of archeological sites are encouraged but requireprovide a form that MAPS g g q designation) the area careful documentation . Anyone who wishes to document one for na- 2 . additional criteria documents just If different boundaries are being tional significance should contact the archeological assistance repre- 3 . new areas of significance being added or deleted . proposed for the nationally signifi - sentative in the appropriate regional office, as well as the SHPO, for 4 . additional periods of The SHPO or FPO must certify the cant property, indicate the location , guidance. significance amendment . This is done on a con- boundaries, and other information • An altered or seriously deteriorated property will not be a strong can- tinuation sheet with the certification for both sets on separate sketch and didate for NHL designation as long as other properties with similar statement ( see Appendix Via USGS maps . On the map for the na- importance and a higher historic integrity exist . tionally significant property, identify the following information by coding • Landmark nominations require advance planning. It takes at least 18 • or graphics (do not use color) : months for review and designation once the documentation is re- GUIDELINES FOR AMENDING FORMS ceived by the National Park Service . This is in part because there are • Boundaries of the nationally sig- only two opportunities each year to present studies to the National nificant property . Park Service Advisory Board . Do not assume the documentation will When amending a registration form, revise all items affected by the proposed change . The items requiring • Resources contributing to the na- be presented at the next board meeting; if an urgent situation arises, revision are outlined below . tional significance of the prop- contact the Landmarks program staff at once . NAME CHANGES erty. • Enter, in section 1 , the new name, and explain, in section 8, the reasons for the name change . PHOTOGRAPHS INCREASING SIGNIFICANCE Include representative views of • Revise counts and identification of contributing and noncontributing resources in sections 5 and 7 and on the resources that contribute to na- sketch map . tional significance . • Revise areas of significance, period of significance, and other items in section 8 . • Discuss, in section 8, additional significance and related historic contexts . • Provide additional photographs if necessary to represent new significance or contributing resources . BOUNDARY CHANGES ( INCREASES AND DECREASES ) • In section 1 , enter the name of the property previously registered , and in parentheses indicate whether the documentation is for a boundary increase or decrease, for example, Abington Historic District ( Boundary In - crease) . A name change may also be requested . • In section 2, enter only the address of the area being added or deleted . 70 71 • NPS Form 10-900 OMB No . 10024-0018 (Oct . 1990) • Provide new information in section 5 on contributing and noncontributing resources. Indicate how many United States Department of the Interior resources are affected by the boundary change. For increases, indicate the number and type of resources National Park Service being added . For decreases, indicate the number and type of resources being deleted . For both increases and decreases, enter the total number of previously listed contributing resources (not just those affected by the National Register of Historic Places change) under Number of Contributing Resources Previously Listed . 9 • Identify and describe the areas and resources being added or deleted in the narrative for section 7. Registration Form • Explain the reasons for the increase (such as the removal of false facades, expanded area survey, or discovery P Y This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in How to Complete the of new information) or decrease (such as loss of historic integrity) in section 8 . ji National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or • by entering the information requested . If an item does not apply to the property being documented , enter " N/A" for " not applicable. " For functions , • Document any additional significance in section 8 . architectural classification , materials, and areas of significance , enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional • • Provide new geographical data in section 10, including location, boundary description and justification, entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a) . Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. acreage, and UTM references, for only the area being added or deleted . 1 . Name of Property • Provide new USGS maps and, if required , sketch maps, reflecting the changes in geographical data . • Provide photographs of the area being added . historic name Hartstene Island Community Hall APPROVAL FOR A MOVE • N / A other names/site number • Provide new information for location and geographical data in sections 2 and 7. 2 . Location • Describe the procedures for the move and the new location, its setting, and proposed orientation of the moved resource on the new site, in section 7. North Island Drive and Hartstene Island Drive street & number ❑ not for publication • Explain the reasons for the move, the appropriateness of the new setting and orientation, and the effect the move and the new location will have on the significance and integrity of the property . city or town Hartstene Island vicinity • Indicate, in section 8, how the property, after the move, will meet the special requirements for criteria con- sideration B . state Washington code WA county Mason code 0 4 5 zip code 9 8584 • Provide at least one photograph of the proposed site . Photographs of the moved resource on the new site 3 . State/ Federal Agency Certification should be submitted to the SHPO and FPO after the move . • Explain the effects of the move on any archeological or other historic resources at the new location . As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended , I hereby certify that this ❑ nomination • Approvals for moves are evaluated on the basis of the impact of the move on the property' s significance and ❑ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of integrity and the appropriateness of the new location. For additional guidance, refer to 36 CFR Part 60 and Na - Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60 . In my opinion , the property tional Register Bulletin 4: Contributions of Moved Buildings to Historic Districts . Properties moved without prior ❑ meets ❑ does not meet the National Register criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant approval are automatically removed from the National Register . ❑ nationally ❑ statewide ❑ locally . ( ❑ See continuation sheet for additional comments.) • LISTING A PROPERTY PREVIOUSLY DETERMINED ELIGIBLE Signature of certifying official/Title Date • Tb request the listing of a property previously determined eligible because of owner objection (nonfederal • determination of eligibility), submit to the SHPO and FPO a notarized letter from either the owner withdraw- State or Federal agency and bureau ing his or her previous objection or the new owner stating that they are the current owner and do not object to the listing of the property . In my opinion , the property ❑ meets ❑ does not meet the National Register criteria . ( See continuation sheet for additional REMOVING A PROPERTY FROM THE NATIONAL REGISTER j comments . ) • Under very special circumstances, such as deterioration or loss of historic integrity, a property can be removed from the National Register. These circumstances are explained in 36 CFR Part 60. To request removal, pro Signature of certifying official/Title Date vide the SHPO and FPO with an explanation of the reasons for removal and any supportive items such as photographs and newsclippings . State or Federal agency and bureau 4 . National Park Service Certification I hereby certify that the property is: Signature of the Keeper Date of Action ❑ entered in the National Register . ❑ See continuation sheet . ❑ determined eligible for the National Register • ❑ See continuation sheet. ❑ determined not eligible for the • National Register. ❑ removed from the National Register. ❑ other, (explain :) 7 73 ,, Hartstene • Hartstene Island Community Hall Mason County , WA Island Community Hall Mason County , WA Name of Property County and State Name of Property County and State 8 . Statement of Significance 5 . Classification Applicable National Register Criteria Areas of Significance Ownership of Property Category of Property Number of Resources within Property ( Mark " x " in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property ( Enter categories from instructions) (Check as many boxes as apply) (Check only one box) (Do not include previously listed resources in the count . ) for National Register listing . ) SOCIAL HISTORY xl private L building(s) Contributing Noncontributing ■ public- local district CAI A Property is associated with events that have made P 1 0 buildings a significant contribution to the broad patterns of ❑ public-State ❑ site ❑ public- Federal ❑ structure 0 0 sites our history . ❑ object 0 0 structures B Property is associated with the lives of persons 0 0 objects significant in our past . 1 0 Total IJ C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics Name of related multiple property listing Number of contributing resources previously listed of a type , period , or method of construction or ( Enter " N/A " if property is not part of a multiple property listing . ) in the National Register represents the work of a master , or possesses • high artistic values , or represents a significant and N / A 0 distinguishable entity whose components lack Period of Significance individual distinction . 1914 — 19 3 9 6 . Function or Use Historic Functions Current Functions r 1 D Property has yielded , or is likely to yield , ( Enter categories from instructions) ( Enter categories from instructions) information important in prehistory or history . SOCIAL : meeting hall SOCIAL : meeting hall Criteria Considerations Significant Dates ( Mark " x " in all the boxes that apply . ) N / A Property is : J A owned by a religious institution or used for religious purposes . Significant Person Li B removed from its original location . ( Complete if Criterion B is marked above) NJ C a birthplace or grave . 7 . Description Cultural Affiliation Architectural Classification Materials • 1 D a cemetery . N / A ( Enter categories from instructions) ( Enter categories from instructions) Bungalow / Craftsman foundation STONE E a reconstructed building , object , or structure . walls WOOD : Weatherboard I I F a commemorative property . METAL G less than 50 years of age or achieved significance Architect/ Builder roof 1 within the past 50 years . S u n d , Bill other WOOD Narrative Statement of Significance Narrative Description ( Explain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets . ) (Describe the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets . ) 9 . Major Bibliographical References Bibliography (Cite the books , articles , and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets . ) Previous documentation on file ( NPS) : Primary location of additional data : • I preliminary determination of individual listing ( 36 Hi State Historic Preservation Office CFR 67) has been requested 1 Other State agency PI previously listed in the National Register I I Federal agency ❑ previously determined eligible by the National I I Local government Register I- 1 University ❑ designated a National Historic Landmark ❑ Other ❑ recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey Name of repository : O recorded by Historic American Engineering 74 Record # 75 NPS Form 104004 OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Hartstene Island Community Hall Mason County , WA t° °°t Name of Property County and State United States Department of the Interior 10 . Geographical Data National Park Service Acreage of Property less than one National Register of Historic Places UTM References Continuation Sheet (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet .) 1 1110 1151018I6121 J 1512 1315 161610 I 31 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J I I I 1 I 1 1 I Section number 7 Page 1 Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing 211111111111111111 411111111111I111111 ❑ See continuation sheet Hartstene Island Community Hall Verbal Boundary Description Mason County , WA (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet . ) Boundary Justification Description ( Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet .) 11 . Form Prepared By The Hartstene Island Community Hall is a large one - story meeting hall located at the intersection of two main roads at the northern end of the island . name/title John Lea and Shirley Courtois Since its construction in 1914 , it has been in continuous use as a gathering place for the island ' s social , recreational , and political activities and is organizationHartstene Island Community Hall date February 6 , 1988 the focal point of all community life . Built by volunteer labor with donated materials , the building embodies the frontier spirit that prevailed on the Street & number East 467 Chesapeake ( 206 ) 5 )+ 5 - 15 35 island in the early decades of the twentieth century . A 1916 shed - roofed telephone addition to the main hall provided kitchen and dining space , and another early addition at the rear provided for a stage and backstage facilities . Except city or town Shelton state WA zip code 9858 �+ for the modernization of plumbing and mechanical systems and upgrading of the Additional Documentation kitchen , the community hall retains its original appearance and continues its Submit the following items with the completed form : historical associations with the island ' s community groups . Continuation Sheets The original community hall has a rectangular plan , approximately 55 feet by 30 feet , including an open porch on the east facade . The original foundation , Maps still visible on the eastern half , consists of uncut stone footings supporting sections of logs acting as posts . In 1987 , a poured concrete foundation was • A USGS map (7 . 5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property ' s location . incorporated at the western end where the land slopes downward to allow a partial basement area above grade . The wood - frame building is sheathed in A Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources . horizontal drop siding with vertical board - and - batten skirting . Window and door surrounds are plain milled boards with no moulding . Cornerboards , Photographs fascia , knee braces at the gable ends , and porch railings are all of the same simple millwork . The hip roof of the porch is supported by square posts with Representative black and white photographs of the property . chamfered edges , although two of the original have been replaced with peeled poles . The porch roof and the main gable roof were originally covered by wood Additional items shingles , which remain under modern corrugated metal roofing . (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) Property Owner In 1916 , an addition was made to the south side , approximately 15 feet wide (Complete this item at the request of SHPO or FPO . ) and extending the entire length of the building . This addition provided dining space and a kitchen area . The interior wall surfaces are now covered name with gypsum board , the kitchen facilities have been modernized , and bathrooms have been added , but the simple window frames and rectangular four - light wood street & number telephone sash are original . Another early shed roofed addition at the north provided space for a shallow elevated stage and a small backstage area that now city or town state zip code includes modern electrical equipment . Paperwork Reduction Act Statement : This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing , to list properties , and to amend existing listings . Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act , as amended ( 16 U . S . C . 470 et seq. ) . Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18 . 1 hours per response including time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form . Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect 77 of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division , National Park Service , P . O . Box 37127 , Washington , DC 20013-7127 ; and the Office of Management and Budget , Paperwork Reductions Projects ( 1024-0018) , Washington , DC 20503 . 11 NPB Fonn 10-000o OMB Approv 1 No. 1024-0018 NPB Form 104100. OMB Appraise No. 10240018 Man out U nited States Department of the Interior United States Department of the Interior N ational Park Service National Park Service National Register of Historic Places National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Continuation Sheet Section number 7 , 8 Page 2 Section number 8 Page 3 Hartstene Island Community Hall Hartstene Island Community Hall Mason County , WA Mason County , WA Description ( continued ) ' Statement of Significance ( continued ) The interior of the hall itself is covered with narrow tongue - and - groove wood sheathing as is the ceiling . The flooring is hardwood maple , which early on small and scattered population and its remote location , the island had no replaced the original fir , which still can be seen on the narrow slightly central village or community meeting place through the first decade of the new raised platforms around the three edges of the room . The dimensions of the century . hall , approximately 47 feet by 30 feet , include a ceiling height of approximately 16 feet , necessitated by early recreational use of the space for To address that problem , the Hartstene Island Community Club was established basketball and volleyball games . When electricity was brought to the island in 1914 , with the intention of erecting a community hall on one - half acre of in the 1940s , six ceiling fixtures were added . These early fixtures were land donated by Andrew Johnson near the northern tip of the island . From the replaced by handing fluorescent lights . beginning , the project was a community effort . Island resident August Carlson donated trees for the lumber ; John Edgert , Arthur Wingert , and Alan McKay used The setting of the community hall remains quite rural in character . The two teams of horses to haul the logs from the woods to the beach , where they building is easily visible from both roads and has a large open graveled area were rafted and towed by the Marie and the Levina to a sawmill at Taylor Bay to the south that is used for parking , but the vicinity remains wooded and the on the mainland ; and the finished lumber was towed back to the island in a area is still sparsely inhabited . scow by the Marie , and hauled from the beach to the building site by volunteers with horses and wagons . Statement of Significance Although Grapeview carpenters were hired to supervise construction , they were The Hartstene Island CommunityHall is historicallysignificant for its long g • assisted by islanders including Lee Carlson , Ed Wilson , Arlo Wingert , Arthur association with the development of civic life on the island in the 20th p Wingert , and Paul Hitchcock . Work parties were held during construction with century . Since its construction in 1914 , the hall has been the single most pot - luck dinners provided by the island women . In 1916 , a lean - to shed important structure in community affairs , serving as the home of the local addition was constructed to accommodate a large dining hall and kitchen . grange , women ' s club , community club , and the venue of all of the island ' s Construction of the dining hall was supervised by Bill Sayers , with assistance important public gatherings and social events . The simple frame structure , from Tony Goetsch , Wilson , Carlson , and others and a large stove was donated well - preserved and carefully maintained , continues to serve Hartstene Island by Mark Reed of the Simpson Logging Company in Shelton . At about the same in the same capacity today . time , a stage was added to the rear of the main hall to accommodate Historical background and significance : performances . With construction complete , the hall quickly became a true community center . Located in the south Puget Sound , with Case Inlet on the east and Pickering From its inception , the hall was the home of the young community club . The Passage and Peale Passage on the west , Hartstene Island is comprised of 12 , 000 hall was also the meeting site of Hartstene Island Grange # 568 , established acres , sparsely settled and accessible to the Mason County mainland only by the year the hall opened , and an important organization in the lives of the ferry until the late 1960s . Although the island was explored by the Wilkes island ' s farm families . Two years later ( with the kitchen complete ) , the expedition in 1841 ( and named for crew member Henry J . Harstein ) , economic r activity on the heavily forested island remained limited to logging and • Hartstene Women ' s Club was founded at the center . The hall clearly reflects isolated subsistence farms through the early 20th century . Because of the the growing role of civic associations in the life of American communities in the early 20th century . 78 79 I a MPS Forts 1041004 OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (a U nited States Department of the Interior N ational Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 , 9 , 10 Page 4 l , Hartstene Island Community Hall + j '" Ei '� ? � 7^ y + . Mason County , WA ' Y • 'f `• ff �► C. �( `- j" a iv - I Statement of Significance ( continued ) -�ti '� . . J 4 r r• t . I". ra + r .. Initially , the hall was without electricity or plumbing , and island residents � ' Ilick • brought wood and buckets of water from their homes . But that did not inhibit 4-• _ _ to, important community - wide events . Dances and festivals attracted participants t • from as far away as Agate , Stadium , and Vaughn , who arrived by boat or ferry . __ �" The community hall also served as the polling place for every election ; the site of the annual Harvest Home Festival , sponsored by the Grange ; the playing court for the island basketball and volleyball teams ; and the performance hall / for local theatrical productions ( later under the auspices of the Hartstene Island Theatre Club ) . - II I T • Since 1916 , the hall has undergone very few changes . The building was wired _ Ir I for electricityin the 1940s , repairs to the roof were made in the 1970s , and — _ _ p — IIIIIIIIII 111 _ ill — a new basement was added in 1814 . In every instance , the expenses and labor — — __ were borne by community volunteers . The island , too , has gone through a few ' ' i • changes since the hall was constructed . A bridge was built in the late 1960s , 01 connecting the island to the mainland , which led to an increase in the - ` construction of summer homes . But even today the island retains its quiet . i , . ' -- character , and the Hartstene Island Community Hall continues to serve as the : K1 ' • _Afrt , - •.�^ 4. Ir. f- « . - -.;. .. .. well preserved focal point for civic life . hot S. yz - ,: -' . Bibliography Hitchcock , Beulah , and Helen Wingert . The Island Remembers . Hartstene _ Island , WA : Hartstene Island Women ' s Club , 1979 . Verbal boundary description • 1 . Hartstene Island Community Hall Tract 3 , Lot 1 , Section 26 , T21N , R2W . Tract 3 , NW , SW Section 25 , T21N , R2W . 2 . Mason County , WA Verbal boundary justification 3 . Leonard Garfield 4 . Sept . 1988 The nominated property includes the entire parcel historically associated with 5 • Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation , Olympia , WA the community hall . 6 . East facade and north side elevation , looking southwest 7 . # 1 80 81 NN APPENDIX I : STATE CODES ( / ffiy it \Ay // 2 \ \ / v/ /iv / 12 1 / ' 00 /� i i Y� _ _ _ - ¢ Z ,10 . a AK ALASKA ME MAINE OK OKLAHOMA ( ) 1 / 1 x '6 I sAiAL ALABAMA MH MARSHALL ISLANDS OR OREGON 2 x /99 ) 1 7( eio° ) Yet- J , AS AMERICAN SAMOA MD MARYLAND PW PALAU cLi i 7 AZ ARIZONA MA MASSACHUSETTS PA PENNSYLVANIA 2 ) ki 5238 AR ARKANSAS MI MICHIGAN PR PUERTO RICO /iVi CA CALIFORNIA FM FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA RI RHODE ISLAND ) CO COLORADO SC SOUTH CAROLINA MN MINNESOTA CT CONNECTICUT SD SOUTH DAKOTA — i . .30 MS MISSISSIPPI DE DELAWARE TN TENNESSEE MO MISSOURI GE /4 - DC DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA TX TEXAS s A 5237 MT MONTANA S ;, / FL FLORIDA UM U .S . MINOR ISLANDS - A 4.Rock NE NEBRASKA * ' GA GEORGIA UT UTAH * . S` 7l I. � ;,, ; NV NEVADA 63 IJ';, f GU GUAM VT VERMONT r ,� rE / NH NEW HAMPSHIRE L- �, 4 o 26 - .ca. ,, � ' � ktEc J � HI HAWAII VI VIRGIN ISLANDS _r7c7 1II ji ,° MCA / \ / „ C , NJ NEW JERSEY l n M�a „ ID IDAHO VA VIRGINIA s 5 . • -7 _..L_ ` /0 / I ` -- IL ILLINOIS NM NEW MEXICO _ `oo r 6 ' WA WASHINGTON ° l A 25� / 5236 / ylisic , �' NY NEW YORK II 46 / arts� e 11 MJ , lrl � f/ - IN INDIANA WV WEST VIRGINIA I j i 10,--.Mair"-±?' l -Jn? NC NORTH CAROLINA j/ WI WISCONSIN ND NORTH DAKOTA , lm °° ,-- 1 KS KANSAS WY WYOMING / ` -ThAL J �� ' 07 ie MP NORTHERN MARIANA __ ar), _ r 362 o fro23 `),�k KY KENTUCKY ISLANDS (o _/ / I LA LOUISIANA OH OHIO Quadrangle : Mason Lake , Washington Scale : 1 : 2 )4 , 000 UTM Reference : 10 508620 5235660 82 Appendix I : 1 s - . 051 Garland 023 Humboldt 029 Delta 053 Grant 025 Imperial 031 Denver 055 Greene 027 Inyo 033 Dolores A P P E N D I X I I . COUNTY 057 Hempstead 0293 Kern 035 Douglas • 059 Hot Spring 031 Kings 037 Eagle 061 Howard 033 Lake 039 Elbert 063 Independence 035 Lassen 041 El Paso CODES 065 Izard 037 Los Angeles 043 Fremont 067 Jackson 039 Madera 045 Garfield 069 Jefferson 041 Mann 047 Gilpin 071 Johnson 043 Mariposa 049 Grand 073 Lafayette 045 Mendocino 051 Gunnison 075 Lawrence 047 Merced 053 Hinsdale 077 Lee 049 Modoc 055 Huerfano ALASKA 043 Cullman 010 Eastern 079 Lincoln 051 Mono 057 Jackson 045 Dale 020 Manua 010 Aleutian Islands 081 Little River 053 Monterey 059 Jefferson 013 Aleutians East 047 Dallas 030 Rose Island a 083 Logan 055 Napa 061 Kiowa 020 Anchorage 049 De Kalb 040 Swains Island 085 Lonoke 057 Nevada 063 Kit Carson 050 Bethel 051 Elmore 050 Western 087 Madison 059 Orange 065 Lake 053 Escambia 060 Bristol Bay 089 Marion 061 Placer 067 La Plata 070 Dillingham 055 Etowah ARIZONA 091 Miller 063 Plumas 069 Larimer 090 Fairbanks North Star 057 Fayette 001 Apache 093 Mississippi 065 Riverside 071 Las Animas 100 Haines 059 Franklin 003 Cochise 095 Monroe 067 Sacramento 073 Lincoln 110 Juneau 061 Geneva 005 Coconino 097 Montgomery 069 San Benito 075 Logan 122 Kenai Peninsula 063 Greene 007 Gila 099 Nevada 071 San Bernardino 077 Mesa 130 Ketchikan Gateway 065 Hale 009 Graham 101 Newton 073 San Diego 079 Mineral 150 Kodiak Island 067 Henry 011 Greenlee 103 Ouachita 075 San Francisco 081 Moffat 069 Houston 164 Lake and Peninsula on 012 La Paz 105 Perry 077 San Joaquin 083 Montezuma 170 Matanuska-Susitna 071 Jackson 013 Maricopa 107 Phillips 079 San Luis Obispo 085 Montrose 180 Nome 073 Jefferson 015 Mohave 109 Pike 081 San Mateo 087 Morgan 075 Lamar 185 North Slope 017 Navajo 111 Poinsett 083 Santa Barbara 089 Otero 188 Northwest Arctic 077 Lauderdale 019 Pima 113 Polk 085 Santa Clara 091 Ouray 201 Prince of Wales-Outer K . 079 Lawrence 021 Pinal 115 Pope 087 Santa Cruz 093 Park 220 Sitka 081 Lee 023 Santa Cruz 117 Prairie 089 Shasta 095 Phillips 231 Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon 083 . Limestone 025 Yavapai 119 Pulaski 091 Sierra 097 Pitkin 240 Southeast Fairbanks 085 Lowndes 027 Yuma 121 Randolph 093 Siskiyou 099 Prowers 261 Valdez-Cordova 087 Macon 123 St. Francis 095 Solano 101 Pueblo 270 Wade Hampton 089 Madison ARKANSAS • 125 Saline 097 Sonoma 103 Rio Blanco 280 Wrangell -Peterburg 091 Marengo 127 Scott 099 Stanislaus 105 Rio Grande 093 Marion 001 Arkansas 290 Yukon-Koyukuk 129 Searcy101 Sutter 107 Routt 095 Marshall 005 Baxte003 r 131 Sebasian 103 Tehama 109 Saguache ALABAMA 097 Mobile 133 Sevier 105 Trinity111 San Juan 099 Monroe 007 Benton 135 Sharp 107 Tular 113 San Miguel 001 Autauga 101 Montgomery 009 Boone 003 Baldwin 103 Morgan ry 011 Bradley 137 Stone 109 Tuolumne 115 Sedgwick 005 Barbour 013 Calhoun 139 Union 111 Ventura 117 Summit 105 Perry 141 Van Buren 113 Yolo 119 Teller 007 Bibb 107 Pickens 015 Carroll 143 Washington 115 Yuba 121 Washington 009 Blount 109 Pike 017 Chicot g g 011 Bullock 019 Clark 145 White 123 Weld 111 Randolph 147 Woodruff COLORADO 013 Butler 113 Russell 021 Clay 149 Yell 125 Yuma 015 Calhoun 115 St. Clair 023 Cleburne 001 Adams CONNECTICUT 017 Chambers 117 Shelby 025 Cleveland CALIFORNIA 003 Alamosa 019 Cherokee 119 Sumter 027 Columbia 005 Arapahoe 001 Fairfield 021 Chilton 121 Talladega 029 Conway 001 Alameda 007 Archuleta 003 Hartford 023 Choctaw 123 Tallapoosa 031 Craighead 003 Alpine 009 Baca 005 Litchfield 025 Clarke 125 Tuscaloosa 033 Crawford 005 Amador 011 Bent 007 Middlesex 027 Clay 127 Walker 035 Crittenden 007 Butte 013 Boulder 009 New Haven 029 Cleburne 129 Washington 037 Cross 009 Calaveras 015 Chaffee 011 New London 031 Coffee 131 Wilcox 039 Dallas 011 Colusa 017 Cheyenne 013 Tolland 033 Colbert 133 Winston 041 Desha 013 Contra Costa 019 Clear Creek 015 Windham 035 Conecuh 043 Drew 015 Del Norte 021 Conejos 037 Coosa AMERICAN SAMOA 045 Faulkner 017 El Dorado 023 Costilla 039 Covington 001 Tutuila Island, Eastern 047 Franklin 019 Fresno 025 Crowley 041 Crenshaw 049 Fulton 021 Glenn 027 Custer 003 Tutuila Island , Western Appendix II : 1 Appendix 11: 2 DELAWARE 109 St. Johns 099 Early 229 Pierce 011 Bingham 045 Edgar 001 Kent 111 St. Lucie 101 Echols 231 Pike 013 Blaine 047 Edwards 003 New Castle 113 Santa Rosa 103 Effingham 233 Polk 015 Boise 049 Effingham 005 Sussex 115 Sarasota 105 Elbert 235 Pulaski 017 Bonner 051 Fayette 117 Seminole 107 Emanuel 237 Putnam 019 Bonneville 053 Ford DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 119 Sumter 109 Evans 239 Quitman 021 Boundary 055 Franklin 121 Suwannee 111 Fannin 241 Rabun 023 Butte 057 Fulton 001 District of Columbia 123 Taylor 113 Fayette 243 Randolph 025 Camas 059 Gallatin 125 Union 115 Floyd 245 Richmond 027 Canyon 061 Greene FLORIDA 127 Volusia 117 Forsyth 247 Rockdale 029 Caribou 063 Grundy 001 Alachua 129 Wakulla 119 Franklin 249 Schley 031 Cassia 065 Hamilton 003 Baker 131 Walton 121 Fulton 251 Screven 033 Clark 067 Hancock 005 Bay 133 Washington 123 Gilmer 253 Seminole 035 Clearwater 069 Hardin 007 Bradford 125 Glascock 255 Spalding 037 Custer 071 Henderson 009 Brevard GEORGIA 127 Glynn 257 Stephens 039 Elmore 073 Henry 011 Broward 129 Gordon 259 Stewart 041 Franklin 075 Iroquois 003 013 Calhoun 0013 Appling 131 Gradypp 261 Sumter 043 Fremont 077 Jackson 015 Charlotte 005 Bacon 133 Greene 263 Talbot 045 Gem 079 Jasper 017 Citrus 007 Baker 135 Gwinnett 265 Taliaferro 047 Gooding 081 Jefferson 019 Clay 009 Baldwin 137 Habersham 267 Tattnall 049 Idaho 083 Jersey 021 Collier 011 Banks 139 Hall 269 Taylor 051 Jefferson 085 Jo Daviess 023 Columbia 013 Barrow 141 Hancock 271 Telfair 053 Jerome 087 Johnson 025 Dade 015 Bartow 143 Haralson 273 Terrell 055 Kootenai 089 Kane 027 De Soto 017 Ben Hill 145 Harris 275 Thomas 057 Latah 091 Kankakee 029 Dixie 019 Berrien 147 Hart 277 Tift 059 Lemhi 093 Kendall 031 Duval 021 Bibb 149 Heard 279 Toombs 061 Lewis 095 Knox 033 Escambia 023 Bleckley 151 Henry 281 Towns 063 Lincoln 097 Lake 035 Flagler 025 Brantley 153 Houston 283 Treutlen 065 Madison 099 La Salle 037 Franklin 027 Brooks 155 Irwin 285 Troup 067 Minidoka 101 Lawrence 039 Gadsden 029 Bryan 157 Jackson 287 Turner 069 Nez Perce 103 Lee 041 Gilchrist 031 Bulloch 159 Jasper 289 Twiggs 071 Oneida 105 Livingston 043 Glades 033 Burke 161 Jeff Davis 291 Union 073 Owyhee 107 Logan 045 Gulf 035 Butts 163 Jefferson 293 Upson 075 Payette 109 McDonough 047 Hamilton 037 Calhoun 165 Jenkins 295 Walker 077 Power 111 McHenry 049 Hardee 039 Camden 167 Johnson 297 Walton 079 Shoshone 113 McLean 051 Hendry 043 Candler 169 Jones 299 Ware 081 Teton 115 Macon 053 Hernando 045 Carroll 171 Lamar 301 Warren 083 Twin Falls 117 Macoupin 055 Highlands 047 Catoosa 173 Lanier • 303 Washington 085 Valley 119 Madison 057 Hillsborough 049 Charlton 175 Laurens 305 Wayne 087 Washington 121 Marion 059 Holmes 051 Chatham 177 Lee 307 Webster 123 Marshall 061 Indian River 053 Chattahoochee 179 Liberty 309 Wheeler ILLINOIS 125 Mason 063 Jackson 055 Chattooga 181 Lincoln 311 White 001 Adams 127 Massac 065 Jefferson 057 Cherokee 183 Long 313 Whitfield 003 Alexander 129 Menard 067 Lafayette 059 Clarke 185 Lowndes 315 Wilcox 005 Bond 131 Mercer 069 Lake 061 Clay 187 Lumpkin 317 Wilkes 007 Boone 133 Monroe 071 Lee 063 Clayton 189 McDuffie 319 Wilkinson 009 Brown 135 Montgomery 073 Leon 065 Clinch 191 McIntosh 321 Worth 011 Bureau 137 Morgan 075 Levy 067 Cobb 193 Macon 013 Calhoun 139 Moultrie 077 Liberty 069 Coffee 195 Madison GUAM 015 Carroll 141 Ogle 079 Madison 071 Colquitt 197 Marion 010 Guam 017 Cass 143 Peoria 081 Manatee 073 Columbia 199 Meriwether 019 Champaign 145 Perry 083 Marion 201 Miller HAWAII 147 Piatt 085 Martin 075 Cook 205 Mitchell 021 Christian 149 Pike 077 Coweta 001 Hawaii 023 Clark 087 Monroe 079 Crawford 207 Monroe025 Clay151 Pope 089 Nassau 003 Honolulu 081 Crisp 209 Montgomery 007 Kauai 027 Clinton 153 Pulaski 091 Okaloosa 083 Dade 211 Morgan 029 Coles 155 Putnam 093 Okeechobee 085 Dawson 213 Murray 009 Maui 031 Cook 157 Randolph 095 Orange 087 Decatur 215 Muscogee IDAHO 033 Crawford 159 Richland 097 Osceola 089 De Kalb 217 Newton 035 Cumberland 161 Rock Island 099 Palm Beach 091 Dodge 219 Oconee 001 Ada 037 De Kalb 163 St. Clair 101 Pasco 093 Dooly 221 Oglethorpe 003 Adams 039 De Witt 165 Saline 103 Pinellas 095 Dougherty 223 Paulding 005 Bannock 041 Douglas 167 Sangamon 105 Polk 097 Douglas 225 Peach 007 Bear Lake 043 Du Pag e 169 Schuyler 107 Putnam 227 Pickens 009 Benewah 171 Scott Appendix II : 3 Appendix II : 4 173 Shelby 091 La Porte 029 Cass 157 Poweshiek 081 Haskell 209 Wyandotte 175 Stark 093 Lawrence 031 Cedar 159 Ringgold 083 Hodgeman 177 Stephenson 095 Madison 033 Cerro Gordo 161 Sac 085 Jackson KENTUCKY 179 Tazewell 097 Marion 035 Cherokee 181 Union 099 Marshall 037 Chickasaw 163 Scott 0879 Jefferson 183 Vermilion 101 Martin 039 Clarke 165 Shelby 089 Jewell 001 Adair 185 Wabash 1031 Miami 0419 Clay167 Sioux 091 Johnson 003 Allen 005 Andersonllard 169 Story 093 Kearny 007 Ballard 187 Warren 105 Monroe 043 Clayton 171 Tama 095 Kingman 189 Washington 107 Montgomery 045 Clinton 173 Taylor 097 Kiowa 0109 Bath Bat 191 Wayne 109 Morgan 047 Crawford 175 Union 099 Labette 013 Barren th 193 White 111 Newton 049 Dallas 01 Bell 177 Van Buren 101 Lane 015 Boone 195 Whiteside 113 Noble 051 Davis 179 Wapello 103 Leavenworth 017 Bourbon 197 Will 115 Ohio 053 Decatur 181 Warren 105 Lincoln 019 Boyd 199 Williamson 117 Orange 055 Delaware 183 Washington 107 Linn 021 Boyle 201 Winnebago 119 Owen 057 Des Moines 185 Wayne 109 Logan 023 Braken 203 Woodford 121 Parke 059 Dickinson 187 Webster 111 Lyon 025 Breathitt 123 Perry 061 Dubuque 189 Winnebago 113 McPherson 027 Breckinridge INDIANA 125 Pike 063 Emmet 191 Winneshiek 115 Marion 127 Porter 065 Fayette 031 Buller 001 Adams 129 Posey067 Floyd t 193 Woodbury 117 Marshall 031 Butler 003 Allen 131 Pulasi 069 Fraklin 195 Worth 119 Meade 033 Caldwell 005 Bartholomew 197 Wright 121 Miami 035 Calloway 007 Benton 133 Putnam 071 Fremont 123 Mitchell 037 Campbell 009 Blackford 135 Randolph 073 Greene KANSAS 125 Montgomery 039 Carlisle 011 Boone 137 Ripley 075 Grundy 001 Allen 127 Morris 041 Carroll 013 Brown 139 Rush 077 Guthrie 003 Anderson 129 Morton 015 Carroll 141 St. Joseph 079 Hamilton 043 Carter 017 Cass 143 Scott 081 Hancock 005 Atchison 131 Nemaha 045 Casey 019 Clark 145 Shelby 083 Hardin 007 Barber 133 Neosho 047 Christian 009 Barton 135 Ness 049 Clark 021 Clay 147 Spencer 085 Harrison 011 Bourbon 137 Norton 051 Clay 023 Clinton 149 Starke 087 Henry 013 Brown 139 Osage 053 Clinton 025 Crawford 151 Steuben 089 Howard 015 Butler 141 Osborne 055 Crittenden 027 Daviess 153 Sullivan 091 Humboldt 017 Chase 143 Ottawa 057 Cumberland 029 Dearborn 155 Switzerland 093 Ida 019 Chautauqua145 Pawnee 059 Daviess 031 Decatur 157 Tippecanoe 095 Iowa147 Phillips 061 Edmonson 159 Tipton 021 Cherokee P 033 De Kalb P 097 Jackson 023 Cheyenne 149 Pottawatomie 161 Union 099 025 Clark 151 Pratt 035 Delaware Jasper063 Elliott 037 Dubois 163 Vanderburgh 101 Jefferson 027 Clay153 Rawlins 065 Estilly 039 Elkhart 165 Vermilion 103 Johnson 029 Clud 155 Reno 067 Fayette 167 Vigo Jones069 Fleming 041 Fayette g 105 031 Coffey157 Republic 071 Floyd 043 Floyd 169 Wabash 107 Keokuk 033 Comnche 159 Rice 073 Franklin 045 Fountain 171 Warren 109 Kossuth 161 Rile 075 Fulton 047 Franklin 173 Warrick 111 Lee 035 037 Crawfordl 163 Rooks 077 Gallatin 049 Fulton 175 Washington 113 Linn165 Rush 051 Gibson 177 Wayne 115 Louisa 039 Decatur 167 Russell 079 Garrard 179 Wells 117 Lucas 041 Dickinson 081 Grant 053 Grant 169 Saline 043 Donihan 055 Greene 181 White 119 Lyon Doniphan Scott 083 Graves 057 Hamilton 183 Whitley 121 Madison 045 047 Douglas Edwards 173 Sedgwick 085 Grayson 059 Hancock 123 Mahaska175 Seward 087 Green 061 Harrison IOWA 125 Marion 049 Elk 177 Shawnee 089 Greenup 051 Ellis 179 Sheridan 063 Hendricks 001 Adair 127 Marshall 091 Hancock 053 Ellsworth 181 Sherman 065 Henry 003 Adams 129 Mills 093 Hardin 067 Howard 131 Mitchell 055 Finney 183 Smith 095 Harlan 005 Allamakee 057 Ford 069 Huntington 007 Appanoose 133 Monona 185 Stafford 097 Harrison 071Jackson 135 Monroe 059 Franklin 187 Stanton 099 Hart 009 Audubon 073 Jasper 137 Montgomery 061 Geary 189 Stevens 101 Henderson 1 p 011 Benton g �' 063 Gove 075 Jay 013 Black Hawk 139 Muscatine 065 Graham 191 Sumner 103 Henry 077 Jefferson 015 Boone 141 0 Brien 067 Grant 193 Thomas 105 Hickman 079 Jennings 143 Osceola 107 Hopkins 1 g 017 Bremer 195 Trego p 081 Johnson 019 Buchanan 145 Page 069 Gray 197 Wabaunsee 109 Jackson 083 Knox 147 Palo Alto 071 Greeley 199 Wallace 111 Jefferson 021 Buena Vista 073 Greenwood 113 085 Kosciusko 023 Butler 149 Plymouth Jessamine 075 Hamilton 201 Washington 115 Johnson 087 Lagrange 025 Calhoun 151 Pocahontas 077 Harper 203 Wichita 117 Kenton 089 Lake 027 Carroll 153 Polk 079 Harvey205 Wilson 119 Knott 155 Pottawattamie 207 Woodson Appendix II : 5 Appendix II : 6 121 Knox LOUISIANA 125 West Feliciana 013 Carroll 055 Grand Traverse MINNESOTA 123 Larue 127 Winn 015 Cecil 057 Gratiot 125 Laurel 001 Acadia 017 Charles 059 Hillsdale 001 Aitkin 003 Allen MAINE 003 Anoka 127 Lawrence 005 Ascension 019 Dorchester 061 Houghton 129 Lee 007 Assumption 001 Androscoggin 021 Frederick 063 Huron 005 Becker 131 Leslie 009 Avoyelles 003 Aroostook 023 Garrett 065 Ingham 007 Beltrami 133 Letcher 011 Beauregard 005 Cumberland 025 Hayford 067 Ionia 009 Benton 135 Lewis g 011 Big Stone 013 Bienville 007 Franklin 027 Howard 069 Iosco 137 Lincoln 015 Bossier 009 Hancock 029 Kent 071 Iron 013 Blue Earth 139 Livingston 017 Caddo 011 Kennebec 031 Montgomery 073 Isabella 015 Brown 141 Logan 019 Calcasieu 013 Knox 033 Prince George's 075 Jackson 017 Carlton 143 Lyon 021 Caldwell 015 Lincoln 035 Queen Anne's 077 Kalamazoo 019 Carver 145 McCracken 023 Cameron 017 Oxford 037 St. Mary's 079 Kalkaska 021 Cass 147 McCreary 023 Chippewa 1497 McLean 025 Catahoulameron 019 Penobscot 039 Somerset 081 Kent 027 Claiborne 021 Piscataquis 041 Talbot 083 Keweenaw 025 Chisago Madison 027 Clay 153 Madison 029 Concordia 023 Sagadahoc 043 Washington 085 Lake 031 De Soto 025 Somerset • 045 Wicomico 087 Lapeer 029 Clearwater 155 Marion 033 East Baton Rouge 027 Waldo 047 Worcester 089 Leelanau 031 Cook 157 Marshall 035 East Carroll 029 Washington 091 Lenawee 033 Cottonwood 159 Martin 037 East Feliciana 031 York MASSACHUSETTS 093 Livingston 035 Crow Wing 037 161 Mason 039 Evangeline 001 Barnstable 039 Dodge 095 Luce 163 Meade 041 Franklin MARSHALL ISLANDS 003 Berkshire 097 Mackinac 041 Douglas 165 Menifee 099 Macomb g 167 Mercer 043 Grant 007 Ailinginae 005 Bristol 101 Manistee 043 Faribault 169 Metcalfe 045 Iberia 010 Ailinglaplap 007 Dukes 103 Marquette 045 Fillmore 047 Iberville 009 Essex q 171 Monroe 030 Ailuk 105 Mason 047 Freeborn 173 Montgomery049 Jackson 040 Arno 011 Franklin 049 Goodhue 051 Jefferson 013 Hampden 107 Mecosta 175 Moran 050 Aur p 051 Grant g 109 Menominee 053 Jefferson Davis 060 Bikar 015 Hampshire 053 Hennepin 177 Muhlenbergorga 055 Lafayette 070 Bikini 017 Middlesex 111 Midland 055 Houston 179 Nelson 057 Lafayette 019 Nantucket 113 Monroe ee 181 Nicholas 073 Bokak 115 Monroe 057 Hubbard 183 Ohio 059 La Salle 080 Ebon 021 Norfolk 117 Montcalm 059 Isanti 185 Oldham 061 Lincoln 090 Enewetak 023 Plymouth 119 Montmorency 061 Itasca 063 Livingston 025 Suffolk Y 187 Owen g 100 Erikub 121 Muskegon 063 Jackson 189 Owsleyldha065 Madison 110 Jabat 027 Worcester065 Kanabec 067 Morehouse 123 Newaygo 191 Pendleton 120 Jaluit 125 Oakland 067 Kandiyohi 193 Perry069 Natchitoches 130 Jemo Island MICHIGAN 069 Kittson eana 071 Orleans 140 Kili 129 Ogemaw127 c 195 Pike 073 Ouachita 001 Alcona 071 Koochiching 197 Powell 150 Kwajalein 003 Alger 131 Ontonagon 073 Lac Qui Parte ' t 075 Plaquemines g 199 Pulaski q 160 Lae 005 Allegan 133 Osceola 075 Lake 077 Pointe Coupee 201 Robertson p 170 Lib 007 Alpena 135 Oscoda 077 Lake Of The Woods 079 Rapides 180 Likiep137 Otsego 203 Rockcastle 081 Red River 009 Antrim g 079 Le Sueur 205 Rowan 190 Majuro 011 Arenac 139 Ottawa 081 Lincoln 083 RichlandMaloelap 013 Baraga 141 Presque Isle 083 Lyon 207 Russell 300 085 Sabine 1 015 Barry 143 Roscommon 085 McLeod 209 Scott 310 Mejot St. Bernard 017 Bay087 Mahnomen 211 Shelby 320 Mili 145 Saginaw 089 St. Charles 019 Benzie 147 St. Clair 213 Simpson 330 Namorik 089 Marshall 091 St. Helena 021 Berrien 149 St. Joseph 215 Spencer 093 St. elen 340 Namu 091 Martin 217 Taylor 350 Rongelap 023 Branch 151 Sanilac 093 Meeker 219 Todd 095 St. John The Baptist 360 Rongrik 025 Calhoun 153 Schoolcraft 095 Mille Lacs 221 Trigg 097 St. Landry 385 Toke 027 Cass 097 Morrison 099 St. Martin 155 Shiawassee 223 Trimble 390 Ujae 029 Charlevoix 099 Mower 225 Union 101 St. Mary 400 Ujelang 031 Cheboygan 157 Tuscola 101 Murray 103 St. Tammanyyg 159 Van Buren 227 Warren 410 Utrik 033 Chippewa 161 Washtenaw 103 Noblest 105 Tangipahoa 420 Wotho 163 Wayne 105 Nobles 229 Washington 035 Clare 107 Tensas 165 Wexford107 231 Wayne 430 Wotje 037 Clinton 109 Olmsted 233 Webster 109 Terrebonne 039 Crawford 235 Whitley111 Union MARYLAND 041 Delta 111 Otter Tail 113 Vermilion FEDERATED STATES OF 113 Pennington 237 Wolfe 001 Allegany 043 Dickinson MICRONESIA 115 Pine g 115 Vernon g Y 239 Woodford 003 Anne Arundel 045 Eaton 047 Emmet 005 Kosrae 117 Pipestone 117 Washington 510 Baltimore ( Independent City)119 Webster p Y 049 Genesee 040 Ponape 119 Polk 121 West Baton Rouge 005 Baltimore (County) 050 Truk 121 Pope 123 West Carroll 009 Calvert 051 Gladwin 060 Yap123 Ramsey Appendix II : 7 Appendix II : 8 - - — r 125 Red Lake 073 Lamar 031 Cape Girardeau 159 Pettis 051 Liberty 059 Fillmore 127 Redwood 075 Lauderdale 033 Carroll 161 Phelps 053 Lincoln 061 Franklin 129 Renville 077 Lawrence 035 Carter 163 Pike 055 McCone 063 Frontier 131 Rice 079 Leake 037 Cass 165 Platte 057 Madison 065 Furnas 133 Rock 081 Lee 039 Cedar 167 Polk 059 Meagher 067 Gage 135 Roseau 083 Leflore 041 Chariton 169 Pulaski 061 Mineral 069 Garden 137 St. Louis 085 Lincoln 043 Christian 171 Putnam 063 Missoula 071 Garfield 139 Scott 087 Lowndes 045 Clark 173 Ralls 065 Musselshell 073 Gosper 141 Sherburne 089 Madison 047 Clay 175 Randolph 067 Park 075 Grant 143 Sibley 091 Marion 049 Clinton 177 Ray 069 Petroleum 077 Greeley 145 Stearns 093 Marshall 051 Cole 179 Reynolds 071 Phillips 079 Hall 147 Steele 095 Monroe 053 Cooper 181 Ripley 073 Pondera 081 Hamilton 149 Stevens 097 Montgomery 055 Crawford 183 St. Charles 075 Powder River 083 Harlan 151 Swift 099 Neshoba 057 Dade 185 St. Clair 077 Powell 085 Hayes 153 Todd 101 Newton 059 Dallas 186 Ste. Genevieve 079 Prairie 087 Hitchcock 155 Traverse 103 Noxubee 061 Daviess 187 St. Francois 081 Ravalli 089 Holt 157 Wabasha 105 Oktibbeha 063 De Kalb 189 St. Louis (County) 083 Richland 091 Hooker 159 Wadena 107 Panola 065 Dent 510 St. Louis (Independent City) 085 Roosevelt 093 Howard 161 Waseca 109 Pearl River 067 Douglas 195 Saline 087 Rosebud 095 Jefferson 163 Washington 111 Perry 069 Dunklin 197 Schuyler 089 Sanders 097 Johnson 165 Watonwan 113 Pike 071 Franklin 199 Scotland 091 Sheridan 099 Kearney 167 Wilkin 115 Pontotoc 073 Gasconade 201 Scott 093 Silver Bow 101 Keith 169 Winona 117 Prentiss 075 Gentry 203 Shannon 095 Stillwater 103 Keya Paha 171 Wright 119 Quitman 077 Greene 205 Shelby 097 Sweet Grass 105 Kimball 173 Yellow Medicine 121 Rankin 079 Grundy 207 Stoddard 099 Teton 107 Knox 123 Scott 081 Harrison 209 Stone 101 Toole 109 Lancaster MISSISSIPPI 125 Sharkey 083 Henry 211 Sullivan 103 Treasure 111 Lincoln 001 Adams 127 Simpson 085 Hickory 213 Taney 105 Valley 113 Logan 129 Smith 087 Holt 003 Alcorn 215 Texas 107 Wheatland 115 Loup 005 Amite 131 Stone 089 Howard 217 Vernon 109 Wibaux 117 McPherson 007 Attala 133 Sunflower 091 Howell 219 Warren 111 Yellowstone 119 Madison 009 Benton 135 Tallahatchie 093 Iron 221 Washington 113 Yellowstone Nat Park Pt 121 Merrick 011 Bolivar 137 Tate 095 Jackson 223 Wayne 123 Morrill 013 Calhoun 139 Tippah 097 Jasper 225 Webster NEBRASKA 125 Nance 015 Carroll 141 Tishomingo 099 Jefferson 227 Worth 001 Adams 127 Nemaha 017 Chickasaw 143 Tunica 101 Johnson 229 Wright 003 Antelope 129 Nuckolls 019 Choctaw 145 Union 103 Knox 005 ArthurP 131 Otoe 021 Claiborne 147 Walthall 105 Laclede MONTANA 007 Banner 133 Pawnee 023 Clarke 149 Warren 107 Lafayette 001 Beaverhead 009 Blaine 135 Perkins 025 Clay151 Washington 109 Lawrence 003 Big Horn 011 Boone 137 Phelps 027 Cohoma 153 Wayne 111 Lewis 005 Blaine 013 Box Butte 139 Pierce 029 Copiah 155 Webster 113 Lincoln 007 Broadwater 015 Boyd 141 Platte 031 Covington 157 Wilkinson 115 Linn 009 Carbon017 Brown 143 Polk 033 De Soto 159 Winston 117 Livingston 011 Carter 019 Buffalo 145 Red Willow 035 Forrest 161 Yalobusha 119 McDonald 013 Cascade 021 Burt 147 Richardson 037 Franklin 163 Yazoo 121 Macon 015 Chouteau 023 Butler 149 Rock 039 George 123 Madison 151 Saline MISSOURI 017 Custer 025 Cass 153 Sarpy Greene 125 Maries 043 Grenada 001 Adair 127 Marion 019 Daniels 027 Cedar 021 Dawson 029 Chase 155 Saunders 045 Hancock 003 Andrew 129 Mercer 023 Deer Lodge 031 Cherry157 Scotts Bluff 047 Harrison 005 Atchison 131 Miller 025 Fallon 033 Cheynne 159 Seward 049 Hinds 007 Audrain 133 Mississippi 027 Fergus 035 Clay 161 Sheridan 051 Holmes 009 Barry 135 Moniteau 029 Flathead 037 Colfax 163 Sherman 053 Humphreys 011 Barton 137 Monroe 031 Gallatin 039 Cuming 165 Sioux 055 Issaquena 013 Bates 139 Montgomery 033 Garfield 041 Custer 167 Stanton 057 Itawamba 015 Benton 141 Morgan 035 Glacier 043 Dakota 169 Thayer 059 Jackson 017 Bollinger 143 New Madrid 037 Golden Valley045 Dawes 171 Thomas 061 Jasper 019 Boone 145 Newton 039 Granite 047 Dawson 173 Thurston 063 Jefferson 021 Buchanan 147 Nodaway175 Valle Jefferson Davis 023 Butler 149 Oregon 041 Hill 049 Deuel 177 Washington 067 Jones 025 Caldwell 151 Osage 043 Jefferson 051 Dixon 179 Wayne 069 Kemper 027 Callaway153 Ozark 045 Judith Basin 053 Dodge Y 071 Lafayette 029 Camde 155 Pemiscot 047 Lake 055 Douglas 181 Webster 157 Perry049 Lewis and Clark 057 Dundy 183 Wheeler 185 York Appendix II : 9 Appendix II : 10 NEVADA 013 Dona Ana 071 Orange Hi g 069 Franklin 197 Yadkin OHIO 001 Churchill 015 Eddy 073 Orleans 071 Gaston 199 Yancey 1 003 Clark 017 Grant 075 Oswego 073 Gates 001 Adams 005 Douglas 019 Guadalupe 077 Otsego 075 Graham NORTH DAKOTA 003 Allen g 005 Ashland 007 Elko 021 Harding 079 Putnam 077 Granville 009 Esmeralda 023 Hidalgo 081 Queens 079 Greene 001 Adams 007 Ashtabula 011 Eureka 025 Lea 083 Rensselaer 081 Guilford 003 Barnes 009 Athens 013 Humboldt 027 Lincoln 085 Richmond 083 Halifax 005 Benson 0101 Bel Auglaize 015 Lander 028 Los Alamos 087 Rockland 085 Harnett 007 Billings 013 Belmont 017 Lincoln 029 Luna 089 St. Lawrence 087 Haywood 009 Bottineau 015 Brown 019 Lyon 031 McKinley 091 Saratoga 089 Henderson 011 Bowman 017 Butler 021 ineral 033 Mora 093 Schenectady 091 Hertford 013 Burke 019 Carroll 023 Nye035 Otero 095 Schoharie 015 Burleigh 021 Champaign Y 037 Quay 097 Schuyler 095 Hyde 017 Cass 027 Pershing Y 019 Cavalier 023 Clark 029 Storey039 Rio Arriba 099 Seneca 097 IIredell 025 Clermont 031 Washoe 041 Roosevelt 101 Steuben Jackson 021 Dickey 027 Clinton 043 Sandoval 103 Suffolk 099 023 Divide 033 White Pine 101 Johnston 029 Columbiana 510 Carson City 045 San Juan . 105 Sullivan 103 Jones 027 E025 ddy n 031 Coshocton 047 San Miguel 107 Tioga 105 Lee Y 033 Crawford NEW HAMPSHIRE 049 Santa Fe 109 Tompkins 107 Lenoir 029 Foster 035 Cuyahoga 001 Belknap051 Sierra 111 Ulster 109 Lincoln 031 Foster 037 Darke 053 Socorro 113 Warren 111 McDowell 033 Golden Valley 039 Defiance 003 Carroll 055 Taos 115 Washington 113 Macon 035 Grand Forks 041 Delaware I 005 Cheshire043 Erie 007 Coos 057 Torrance 117 Wayne 115 Madison Grant 059 Union 119 Westchester 117 Martin 039 Griggs 045 Fairfield i 009 Grafton 061 Valencia 121 Wyoming 041 Hettinger 047 Fayette 011 Hillsborough 123 Yates g 11921 Mecklenburg 043 Kidder 013 Merrimack 121 Mitchell 045 La Moure 049 Franklin NEW YORK 123 Montgomery 051 Fulton 015 Rockingham NORTH CAROLINA e ry 047 Logan 053 Gallia 001 Albany125 Moore 017 Strafford 127 Nash 049 McHenry 055 Geauga 019 Sullivan 003 Allegany 001 Alamance 051 McIntosh 057 Greene 005 Bronx 003 Alexander 129 New Hanover 053 McKenzie 059 Guernsey NEW Y JERSEY 133 Onslow ERSEY 007 Broome 005 Alleghany 131 Northampton 055 McLean 061 Hamilton 009 Cattaraugus 007 Anson 057 Mercer 063 Hancock 001 Atlantic 011 Cayuga 009 Ashe 135 Orange 059 Morton 065 Hardin 003 Bergen 013 ChautauquaAvery 011 137 Pamlico 061 Mountrail 067 Harrison 005 Burlington g 015 Chemung 013 Beaufort 139 Pasquotank 063 Nelson 007 Camden 017 Chenango 015 Bertie 141 Pender 065 Oliver 069Henry 009 Cape May 019 Clinton 017 Bladen 143 Perquimans 0711 Highland 067 Pembina 073 Hocking 011 Cumberland 021 Columbia 019 Brunswick 145 Person 069 Pierce 075 Holmes 013 Essex 023 Cortland 021 Buncombe 147 Pitt 071 Ramsey 077 Huron 015 Gloucester 025 Delaware 023 Burke 149 Polk 073 Ransom 079 Jackson 017 Hudson 027 Dutchess 025 Cabarrus 151 Randolph 075 Renville 081 Jefferson 019 Hunterdon 029 Erie 027 Caldwell 153 Richmond 077 Richland 083 Knox 021 Mercer 031 Essex 029 Camden 155 Robeson 079 Rolette 085 Lake * 023 Middlesex 033 Franklin 031 Carteret 157 Rockingham 081 Sargent 087 Lawrence 025 Monmouth 035 Fulton 033 Caswell 159 Rowan 083 Sheridan 089 Licking 027 Morris 037 Genesee 035 Catawba 161 Rutherford 085 Sioux 091 Logan 029 Ocean 039 Greene 037 Chatham 163 Sampson 087 Slope 093 Lorain 031 Passaic 041 Hamilton 039 Cherokee 165 Scotland 089 Stark 095 Lucas 033 Salem 043 Herkimer 041 Chowan 167 Stanly 091 Steele 097 Madison 035 Somerset 045 Jefferson 043 Clay 169 Stokes 093 Stutsman 099 Mahoning 037 Sussex 047 Kings 045 Cleveland 171 Surry101 Marion 039 Union 095 Towner 049 Lewis 047 Columbus 173 Swain 097 Traill 103 Medina 041 Warren 051 Livingston 049 Craven 175 Transylvania 099 Walsh 105 Meigs NEW MEXICO 053 Madison 051 Cumberland 177 Tyrrell 101 Ward 107 Mercer 055 Monroe 053 Currituck 179 Union 103 Wells 109 Miami 001 Bernalillo 057 Montgomery 055 Dare 181 Vance 105 Williams 111 Monroe 003 Catron 059 Nassau 057 Davidson 183 Wake 113 Montgomery 005 Chaves 061 New York 059 Davie 185 Warren NORTHERN MARIANAS 115 Morgan 006 Cibola 063 Niagara 061 Duplin 187 Washington 085 Northern Islands 117 Morrow 007 Colfax 065 Oneida 063 Durham 189 Watauga 009 Curry 067 Onondaga 065 Edgecombe 191 Wayne 100 Rota 119 Muskingum 011 De Baca 069 Ontario 067 Forsyth 193 Wilkes 110 Saipan 121 Noble Y 195 Wilson 120 Tinian 123 Ottawa Appendix II : 11 Appendix IL 12 125 Paulding 071 Kay 039 Lane 051 Fayette 039 Ciales 005 Newport 127 Perry 073 Kingfisher 041 Lincoln 053 Forest 041 Cidra 007 Providence 129 Pickaway 075 Kiowa 043 Linn 055 Franklin 043 Coamo 009 Washington 131 Pike 077 Latimer 045 Malheur 057 Fulton 045 Comerio 133 Portage 079 Le Fiore 047 Marion 059 Greene 047 Corozal SOUTH CAROLINA 135 Preble 081 Lincoln 049 Morrow 061 Huntingdon 049 Culebra 137 Putnam 083 Logan 051 Multnomah 063 Indiana 051 Dorado 001Abbeville 139 Richland 085 Love 053 Polk 065 Jefferson 053 Fa ardo 0033 Aiken 1 005 Allendale 141 Ross 087 McClain 055 Sherman 067 Juniata 054 Florida 007 Anderson 1 009Bamberg 143 Sandusky 089 McCurtain 057 Tillamook 069 Lackawanna 055 Guanica 145 Scioto 091 McIntosh 059 Umatilla 071 Lancaster 057 Guayama 0 11 Barnwell 147 Seneca 093 Major 061 Union 073 Lawrence 059 Guayanilla 013 Beaufort 149 Shelby 095 Marshall 063 Wallowa 075 Lebanon 061 Guaynabo 151 Stark 097 Mayes 065 Wasco 077 Lehigh 063 Gurabo 015 CalBerhoun 153 Summit 099 Murray 067 Washington 079 Luzern 065 Hatillo 017 Calhoun 155 Trumbull 101 Muskogee 069 Wheeler 081 Lycoming 067 Hormigueros 0192 Charleston 1 157 Tuscarawas 103 Noble 071 Yamhill 083 McKean 069 Humacao 02 Cherokee 159 Union 105 Nowata 085 Mercer 071 Isabela 023 Chester 161 Van Wert 107 Okfuskee PALAU 025 Chesterfieldlarenn 163 Vinton 109 Oklahoma 087 Mifflin 073 Jayuya 089 Monroe 075 027 Clarendon 165 Warren 111 Okmulgee 002 Aimeliik Juana Diaz g 004 Airai 091 Montgomery 077 Juncos 029031 all Darlington 167 Washington 113 Osage010 093 Montour 079 Lajas 169 Wayne 115 Ottawa 100 Ka g n gel Northamptonj 033 Dillon 095 081 Lares 171 Williams 117 Pawnee y g035 Dorchester 150 Koror 097 Northumberland 083 Las Marias 037 Edgefield 173 Wood 119 Payne 212 Melekeiok 099 Perry 085 Las Piedras 039 Fairfield 175 Wyandot 121 Pittsburg 214 Ngaraard P 101 Philadelphia 087 Loiza 123 Pontotoc g 041 Florence 218 Ngarchelong 103 Pike 089 Luquillo OKLAHOMA 125 Pottawatomie g g 105 Potter 091 Manati 043 Georgetown 222 Ngardmau 045 Greenville 127 Pushmataha 107 Schuylkill 093 Maricao 001 Adair 129 Roger Mills 223 Ngaremlengui 109 Snyder 095 Maunabo 047 Greenwood 003 Alfalfa 131 g 224 Ngatpang 111 Somerset 097 Mayaguez 049 Hampton 005 Atoka Rogers226 Ngchesar 1131 Sullivanmers099 Moca 051 Horry SeminoleJasper 007 Beaver 228 Ngiwai053 as er 009 Beckham 135 Sequoyah 300 Palau -unorg. 115 Susquehanna 101 Morovis 055 Kershaw 011 Blaine 137 Stephens 350 Peleliu 117 Tioga 103 Naguabo 057 Lancaster to 059 Laurensj ' 139 Texas 119 Union 105 Naranjito 013 Bryan 370 Sonsorol 015 Caddo 141 Tillman 380 Tobi 121 Venango 107 Orocovis 017 Canadian 143 Tulsa 123 Warren 109 Patillas 061 Lee gton 019 Carter 145 Wagoner PENNSYLVANIA 065 McCormick 125 Washington 111 Penuelas 063 Lex 021 Cherokee 147 Washington 127 Wayne 113 Ponce 149 Washita 001 Adams 067 Marion 023 Choctaw 129 Westmoreland 115 Quebradillas 151 Woods 003 Allegheny 0691 NewberryMarlber 025 Cimarron 131 Wyoming 117 Rincon 027 Cleveland 153 Woodward 005 Armstrong 133 York 119 Rio Grande 071 007 Beaver 073 Oconee 029 Coal 121 Sabana Grande 031 Comanche OREGON 009 Bedford PUERTO RICO 123 Salinas 075 Orangeburg 033 Cotton 001 Baker Olt Berks 125 San German 077 Pickens 013 Blair 001 Adjuntas 079 Richland 035 Craig 003 Benton 003 Aguada 127 San Juan 015 Bradford g 081 Saluda 037 Creek 005 Clackamas 129 San Lorenzo 017 Bucks 005 Aguadilla 083 Spartanburg 039 Custer 007 Clatsop 131 San Sebastian 019 Butler 007 Aguas Buenas 085 Sumter 041 Delaware 009 Columbia 133 Santa Isabel 021 Cambria 009 Aibonito 087 Union 043 Dewey 011 Coos 011 Anasco 135 Toa Alta 089 Williamsburg 045 Ellis 013 Crook 023 Cameron 137 Toa Baja 025 Carbon 013 Arecibo 139 Trujillo Alto 091 York 047 Garfield 015 Curry 027 Centre 015 Arroyo 141 Truado 049 Garvin 017 Deschutes 029 Chester 017 Barceloneta SOUTH DAKOTA 051 Grady 019 Douglas 019 Barranquitas 143 Vega Alta 053 Grant 031 Clarion • 021 Gilliam 033 Clearfield 021 Bayamn 145 Vega Baja 003 Aurora 055 Greer 023 Grant 023 Cabo Roo 147 Vieques 005 Beadle 035 Clinton j 007 Bennett 057 Harmon 025 Harney 025 Caguas149 Villalba 009 Bon Homme 059 Harper 027 Hood River 037 Columbia151 Yabucoa 039 Crawford 027 Camuy 011 Brookings 061 Haskell 029 Jackson 041 Cumberland 029 Canovanas 153 Yauco 013 Brown 063 Hughes 031 Jefferson 043 Dauphin 031 Carolina 065 Jackson 033 Josephine p RHODE ISLAND 015 Brule Jefferson035 Klamath 045 Delaware 033 Catano 017 067 047 Elk 035 Cayey 001 Bristol 019 Butte lo 069 Johnston 037 Lake 049 Erie 037 Ceiba 003 Kent 021 Campbell Appendix II : 13 Appendix II : 14 023 Charles Mix 011 Bradley 139 Polk 071 Chambers 199 Hardin 327 Menard 025 Clark 013 Campbell 141 Putnam 073 Cherokee 201 Harris 329 Midland 027 Clay 015 Cannon 143 Rhea 075 Childress 203 Harrison 331 Milam 029 Codington 017 Carroll 145 Roane 077 Clay 205 Hartley 333 Mills 031 Corson 019 Carter 147 Robertson 079 Cochran 207 Haskell 335 Mitchell 033 Custer 021 Cheatham 149 Rutherford 081 Coke 209 Hays 337 Montague 035 Davison 023 Chester 151 Scott 083 Coleman 211 Hemphill 339 Montgomery 037 Day 025 Claiborne 153 Sequatchie 085 Collin 213 Henderson 341 Moore 039 Deuel 027 Clay 155 Sevier 087 Collingsworth 215 Hidalgo 343 Morris 041 Dewey 029 Cocke 157 Shelby 089 Colorado 217 Hill 345 Motley 043 Douglas 031 Coffee 159 Smith 091 Comal 219 Hockley 347 Nacogdoches 045 Edmunds 033 Crockett 161 Stewart 093 Comanche 221 Hood 349 Navarro 047 Fall River 035 Cumberland 163 Sullivan 095 Concho 223 Hopkins 351 Newton 049 Faulk 037 Davidson 165 Sumner 097 Cooke 225 Houston 353 Nolan 051 Grant 039 Decatur 167 Tipton 099 Coryell 227 Howard 355 Nueces 053 Gregory 041 De Kalb 169 Trousdale 101 Cottle 229 Hudspeth 357 Ochiltree 055 Haakon 043 Dickson 171 Unicoi 103 Crane 231 Hunt 359 Oldham 057 Hamlin 045 Dyer 173 Union 105 Crockett 233 Hutchinson 361 Orange 059 Hand 047 Fayette 175 Van Buren 107 Crosby 235 Irion 363 Palo Pinto 061 Hanson 049 Fentress 177 Warren 109 Culberson 237 Jack 365 Panola 063 Harding 051 Franklin 179 Washington 111 Dallam 239 Jackson 367 Parker 065 Hughes 053 Gibson 181 Wayne 113 Dallas 241 Jasper 369 Parmer 067 Hutchinson 055 Giles 183 Weakley 115 Dawson 243 Jeff Davis 371 Pecos 069 Hyde 057 Grainger 185 White 117 Deaf Smith 245 Jefferson 373 Polk 071 Jackson 059 Greene 187 Williamson 119 Delta 247 Jim Hogg 375 Potter 073 Jerauld 061 Grundy 189 Wilson 121 Denton 249 Jim Wells 377 Presidio 075 Jones 063 Hamblen 123 De Witt 251 Johnson 379 Rains 077 Kingsbury 065 Hamilton TEXAS 125 Dickens 253 Jones 381 Randall 079 Lake 067 Hancock 001 Anderson 127 Dimmit 255 Karnes 383 Reagan 081 Lawrence 069 Hardeman 003 Andrews 129 Donley 257 Kaufman 385 Real 083 Lincoln 071 Hardin 005 Angelina 131 Duval 259 Kendall 387 Red River 085 Lyman 073 Hawkins 007 Aransas 133 Eastland 261 Kenedy 389 Reeves 087 McCook 075 Haywood 009 Archer 135 Ector 263 Kent 391 Refugio 089 McPherson 077 Henderson 011 Armstrong 137 Edwards 265 Kerr 393 Roberts 091 Marshall 079 Henry 013 Atascosa 139 Ellis 267 Kimble 395 Robertson 093 Meade 081 Hickman 015 Austin 141 El Paso 269 King 397 Rockwall 095 Mellette 083 Houston 017 Bailey 143 Erath 271 Kinney 399 Runnels 097 Miner 085 Humphreys 019 Bandera 145 Falls 273 Kleberg 401 Rusk 099 Minnehaha 087 Jackson 021 Bastrop 147 Fannin 275 Knox 403 Sabine 101 Moody 089 Jefferson 023 Baylor 149 Fayette 277 Lamar 405 San Augustine 103 Pennington 091 Johnson 025 Bee 151 Fisher 279 Lamb 407 San Jacinto 105 Perkins 093 Knox 027 Bell 153 Floyd 281 Lampasas 409 San Patricio 107 Potter 095 Lake 029 Bexar 155 Foard 283 La Salle 411 San Saba 109 Roberts 097 Lauderdale 031 Blanco 157 Fort Bend 285 Lavaca 413 Schleicher 111 Sanborn 099 Lawrence 033 Borden 159 Franklin 287 Lee 415 Scurry 113 Shannon 101 Lewis 035 Bosque 161 Freestone 289 Leon 417 Shackelford 115 Spink 103 Lincoln 037 Bowie 163 Frio 291 Liberty 419 Shelby 117 Stanley 105 Loudon 039 Brazoria 165 Gaines 293 Limestone 421 Sherman 119 Sully 107 McMinn 041 Brazos 167 Galveston 295 Lipscomb 423 Smith 121 Todd 109 McNairy 043 Brewster 169 Garza 297 Live Oak 425 Somervell 123 Tripp 111 Macon 045 Briscoe 171 Gillespie 299 Llano 427 Starr 125 Turner 113 Madison 047 Brooks 173 Glasscock 301 Loving 429 Stephens 127 Union 115 Marion 049 Brown 175 Goliad 303 Lubbock 431 Sterling 129 Walworth 117 Marshall 051 Burleson 177 Gonzales 305 Lynn 433 Stonewall 135 Yankton 119 Maury 053 Burnet 179 Gray 307 McCulloch 435 Sutton ' 137 Ziebach 121 Meigs 055 Caldwell 181 Grayson 309 McLennan 437 Swisher 123 Monroe 057 Calhoun 183 Gregg 311 McMullen 439 Tarrant TENNESSEE 125 Montgomery 059 Callahan 185 Grimes 313 Madison 441 Taylor 001 Anderson 127 Moore 061 Cameron 187 Guadalupe 315 Marion 443 Terrell 003 Bedford 129 Morgan 063 Camp 189 Hale 317 Martin 445 Terry 005 Benton 131 Obion 065 Carson 191 Hall 319 Mason 447 Throckmorton 007 Bledsoe 133 Overton 067 Cass 193 Hamilton 321 Matagorda 449 Titus 009 Blount 135 Perry 069 Castro 195 Hansford 323 Maverick 451 Tom Green 137 Pickett 197 Hardeman 325 Medina 453 Travis Appendix II : 15 Appendix II : 16 455 Trinity 047 Uintah 570 Colonial Heights (Indepen- 700 Newport News (Independent WASHINGTON 043 Lincoln 457 Tyler 049 Utah dent City) City) 045 n 459 Upshur 051 Wasatch 580 Covington (Independent 710 Norfolk ( Independent City) 001 Adams 047 McDowell 461 Upton 053 Washington City) 131 Northampton 003 BenAsoton 463 Uvalde 055 Wayne g 045 Crig 133 Northumberland051 005 Benton 049 Marion 465 Val Verde 057 Weber 047 Culpeper 135 Nottoway 007 Chelan 053 Mason 467 Van Zandt 049 Cumberland 009Clallam m 720 Norton (Independent City) 01111 Clark 055 Mercer 469 Victoria VERMONT 590 Danville ( Independent City) 137 Orange 057 Mineral 471 Walker 051 Dickenson 139 Page 013 Columbia 001 Addison015 Cowlitz 059 Mingo 473 Waller 053 Dinwiddie 141 Patrick 003 Bennington 017 Douglas 061 Monongalia 475 Ward 005 Caledonia 595 Emporia (Independent City) 730 Petersburg (Independent 019 Ferry063 Monroe 477 Washington 007 Chittenden 057 Essex City) 021 Franlin 065 Morgan 1 479 Webb 059 Fairfax (County) 143 Pitts lvania 009 EssexY 023 Garfield 067 Nicholas 481 Wharton 011 Franklin 600 Fairfax (Independent City) 735 Poquoson (Independent City) 069 Ohio 483 Wheeler 013 Grand Isle 610 Falls Church (Independent 740 Portsmouth (Independent 025 Grant 027 Grays Harbor 071 Pendleton 015 Lamoille City City) 485 Wichita Ci ) 029 Island 073 Pleasants g 487 Wilbarger 017 Orange 061 Fauquier • 145 Powhatan 147 Prince Edward 031 Jefferson 075 Pocahontas 489 Willacy 019 Orleans 063 Floyd 033 King077 Preston 491 Williamson 065 Fluvanna 149 Prince George 021 Rutland035 Kitsap 079 Putnam 493 Wilson 023 Washington 067 Franklin (County) 153 Prince William 037 Kittitas 081 Raleigh 495 Winkler 025 Windham 620 Franklin ( Independent City) 155 Pulaski 039 Klickitat 083 Randolph 497 Wise 027 Windsor 069 Frederick 750 Radford (Independent City) 041 Lewis 085 Ritchie 499 Wood 630 Fredericksburg ( Independent 157 Rappahannock 087 Roane 501 Yoakum City) 043 Lincoln VIRGIN ISLANDS ty 159 Richmond (County) 045 Mason 089 Summers 505503 Zapata 010 St. Croix 640 G Galax ( Independent City) 760 Richmond ( Independent City) 047 Okanogan 091 Taylor 161 Roanoke (County) 093 Tucker 507 Zavala 020 St. John 073 Gloucester 770 Roanoke (Independent City) 049 Pacific 095 Tyler 030 St. Thomas 075 Goochland 163 Rockbridge p051 Pend Oreille 097 Upshur 077 Grayson 165 Rockingham099U. S . MINOR ISLANDS 053 Pierce 050 Baker Island VIRGINIA Wane 079 Greene 167 Russell 055 San Juan 101 Webster 001 Accomack 081 Greensville 057 Skagit 100 Howland 775 Salem (Independent City) 059 Skamania 103 Wetzel 003 Albemarle 083 Halifax 169 Scott 061 Snohomish 150 Jarvis Island 105 Wirt 200 Johnson Atoll 510 Alexandria ( Independent 650 Hampton (Independent City) 171 Shenandoah 063 Spokane 107 Wood 250 Kingman Reef City) 085 Hanover 173 Smyth p 300 Midway Islands 005 Alleghany 660 Harrisonburg (Independent 780 South Boston ( Independent 065 Stevens 109 Wyoming 007 Amelia City) 067 Thurston 350 Navassa Island tY City ) 069 Wahkiakum WISCONSIN 400 Palmyra Atoll 009 Amherst 087 Henrico 175 Southampton 450 Wake Island 011 Appomattox 089 Henry • • 177 Spotsylvania 071 Walla Walla 001 Adams 013 Arlington 091 Highland 179 Stafford 073 Whatcom 003 Ashland UTAH 015 Augusta 670 Hopewell ( Independent City) 790 Staunton ( Independent City) 075 Whitman 005 Barron 017 Bath 093 Isle Of Wight 800 Suffolk (Independent City) 077 Yakima 007 Bayfield 001 Beaver p009 Brown 0031 Boxa 019 Bedford (County) 095 James City 181 Surry WEST VIRGINIA 011 Buffalo 005 Cax Elder 515 Bedford (Independent City) 097 King And Queen 183 Sussex 013 Burnett 007 Carbon 021 Bland 099 King George 185 Tazewell 001 Barbour 015 Calumet 009 Daggett 023 Botetourt 101 King William 810 Virginia Beach ( Independent 003 Berkeley 00911 Davis520 Bristol ( Independent City) 103 Lancaster City) 005 Boone 017 Chippewa 025 Brunswick 105 Lee 187 Warren 007 Braxton 019 Clark 013 Duchesne 027 Buchanan 678 Lexington ( Independent City ) 009 Brooke 021 Columbia 015 Emery g P191 Washington 023 Crawford 029 Buckingham 107 Loudoun 820 Waynesboro (Independent 011 Cabe11 025 Dane 017 Garfield Y P 530 Buena Vista (Independent 109 Louisa City) 013 Calhoun0 01921 Iron Grand City) 111 Lunenburg 193 Westmoreland 015 Clay 027 Dodge 031 Campbell 680 Lynchburg ( Independent 830 Williamsburg (Independent 017 Doddridge 029 Door 023 Juab 033 Caroline City) City) p 019 Fayette 031 Douglas 025 Kane 035 Carroll 113 Madison 840 Winchester (Independent 021 Gilmer 033 Dunn 027 Millard p 035 Eau Claire 036 Charles City 683 Manassas ( Independent City) City) 023 Grant • 029 Morgan 037 Charlotte 690 Martinsville ( Independent 195 Wise 025 Greenbrier 037 Florence 03033 Rich Piute 540 Charlottesville ( Independent City) 197 Wythe 027 Hampshire 039 Fond Du Lac City) 115 Mathews 199 York 029 Hancock 041 Forest 035 Salt Lake 550 Chesapeake ( Independent 117 Mecklenburg 031 Hardy 043 Grant 037 San Juan City) 119 Middlesex 033 Harrison 045 Green 039 Sanpete 041 Chesterfield 121 Montgomery 035 Jackson 047 Green Lake 041 Sevier 049 Iowa 043 Summit 043 Clarke 125 Nelson 037 Jefferson 051 Iron 045 Tooele 560 Clifton Forge ( Independent 127 New Kent 039 Kanawha 053 Jackson City) 041 Lewis Appendix II : 17 Appendix II : 18 1 055 Jefferson 103 Richland 007 Carbon 057 Juneau 105 Rock 009 Converse 059 Kenosha 107 Rusk 011 Crook 061 Kewaunee 109 St. Croix 013 Fremont 065 La Lafayette Crosse 1113 Sauk017 Hot APPENDIX III : F E D E R A L 065 Lafa ette 113 Sawyer 017 Hot Springs 067 Langlade 115 Shawano 019 Johnson 069 Lincoln 117 Sheboygan 021 Laramie 071 Manitowoc 119 Taylor 023 Lincoln AGENCY CODES 073 Marathon 121 Trempealeau 025 Natrona 075 Marinette 123 Vernon 027 Niobrara 077 Marquette 125 Vilas 029 Park 078 Menominee 127 Walworth 031 Platte 079 Milwaukee 129 Washburn 033 Sheridan 081 Monroe 131 Washington 035 Sublette ACHP ADVISORY COUNCIL ON HISTORIC FPC FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION 083 Oconto 133 Waukesha 037 Sweetwater PRESERVATION FRA FEDERAL RAILROAD 085 Oneida 135 Waupaca 039 Teton AF AIR FORCE ADMINISTRATION 087 Outagamie 137 Waushara 041 Uinta 089 Ozaukee 139 Winnebago 043 Washakie ARMY DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY FS FOREST SERVICE 091 Pepin 141 Wood 045 Weston BIA BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS FWS FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE 093 Pierce 095 Polk WYOMING BLM BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT FmHA FARMERS HOME ADMINISTRATION 097 Portage 001 Albany BUREC BUREAU OF RECLAMATION GS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 099 Price 003 Big Horn 101 Racine 005 Campbell CEQ COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL GSA GENERAL SERVICES QUALITY ADMINISTRATION CG COAST GUARD HHS HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES COE ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS DEPARTMENT COMMERCE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE HUD HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT CPD COMMUNITY PLANNING & IBWC INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT WATER COMMISSION DOD DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ICC INTERSTATE COMMERCE DOE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY COMMISSION 1 DOL DEPARTMENT OF LABOR JUSTICE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE • . DOT DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION LEAA LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE ED DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ADMINISTRATION EDA ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT MC MARINE CORPS ADMINISTRATION MINES BUREAU OF MINES EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION NASA NATIONAL AERONAUTICS & SPACE AGENCY ADMINISTRATION ETA EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING NAVY DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY ADMINISTRATION NCPC NATIONAL CAPITOL PLANNING FAA FEDERAL AVIATION COMMISSION ADMINISTRATION NPS NATIONAL PARK SERVICE FCC FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION NRC NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION FDIC FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE NSF NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION COMMISSION . FEA FEDERAL ENERGY OSM OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING ADMINISTRATION PHS PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE FERC FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY RDS RURAL DEVELOPMENT SERVICE COMMISSION REA RURAL ELECTRIC ADMINISTRATION FHWA FEDERAL HIGHWAY SBA SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATION FMC FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION SCS SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE Appendix II : 19 Appendix III : 1 SHPO STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION USDA U . S . DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OFFICE USDI U . S . DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR SI SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION USPS U. S . POSTAL SERVICE STATE STATE DEPARTMENT VA DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS APPENDIX IV • GLOSSARY TREASURY DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AFFAIRS TVA TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY WMATA WASHINGTON METRO AND OF TRANSIT AUTHORITY NJ A T I O N A L UDAG URBAN DEVELOPMENT ACTION It E G I S T E R GRANT WPRS WATER AND POWER RESOURCES UMTA URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION SERVICE TERM S ADMINISTRATION UN UNITED NATIONS Accompanying documentation— Association— link of a historic prop- purposes of the National Historic USGS map, photographs, and erty with a historic event, activ- Preservation Act, as amended . sketch maps that accompany ity, or person. Also, the quality Certifying official— SHPO or FPO completed registration form . of integrity through which a his- who initiates and supports a par- Acreage— area of a historic property toric property is linked to a P p y ticularpast time and lace. nomination or requests other offi- measured in acres . p cial action related to National Amendment documentation— pro- Associative characteristic— an as- Register listing . vided on a new registration form pect of a property' s history that $ CLG— see "certified local govern- or continuation sheets for a prop- links it with historic events, activ ment ." 1, erty already listed in the Na- ities, or persons . Commenting official— any official tional Register officially chang- Boundaries— lines delineating the whose comment is required or re- ing the significance, boundaries, geographical extent or area of a quested on the nomination of a ame, or other aspect of the list- historic property . property to the National Register ing . Boundary description— a precise or other action related to Na- Antiquities Act— enacted in 1906, description of the lines that tional Register listings . II the first legislation in the United bound a historic property . Contributing resource— a building, States to preserve American an- Boundary justification— an expla- site, structure, or object adding to tiquities, including the designa- nation of the reasons for select- the historic significance of a prop- i • tion and protection of national ing the boundaries of a historic erty. • monuments on federally owned land . property. Criteria— general standards by Archeological district— a signifi- Building— a resource created princi- which the significance of a his- cant concentration, linkage, or pally to shelter any form of toric property is judged; see "Na- continuity of sites important in human activity, such as house . tional Register criteria ." history or prehistory . Certification— process by which a Criteria Considerations— addi- Architectural classification— item nominating authority signs a Na- tional standards applying to cer- on registration form calling for tional Register form or continua- tain kinds of historic properties . the entry of an architectural style tion sheet to verify the accuracy Cultural Affiliation— archeological or other term by which property of the documentation and to ex- or ethnographic culture to which can be identified . press his or her opinion on the el- a collection of sites, resources, or igibility of the property for Na- artifacts belong . Architectural significance— impor- tional Register listing; also, the tance of a property based on signature through which the au- Cultural resource— building, site, physical aspects of its design, ma- thority nominates a property or structure, object, or district evalu- terials, form, style, or workman- requests a determination of eligi- ated as having significance in pre- ship, and recognized by criterion bility; also, the process and signa- history or history . . C . ture by which the Keeper of the Current function— purpose that a National Register acts on a re-Area of significance— aspect of his- quest for listing, a determination property, or portion of it, cur toric development in which a of eligibility, or other action . rently serves or will serve in the property made contributions for near future. which it meets the National Reg- Certified local government ( CLG)— Design— quality of integrity apply- ister criteria, such as agriculture a local government officially cer- ing to the elements that create or politics / government . lifted to carry out some of the the physical form, plan, space, structure, and style of a property . Appendix III : 2 Appendix IV : 1 Determination of eligibility— an ac- ing properties to the National Important person— an individual area; see "multiple property sub- don and listing of his or her prop- rity qualifying a property for list- tion through which the eligibility Register. who has made significant contri- mission. " erty in the National Register . ing in the National Register . of a property for National Regis- Feeling— qualityof integrity butions in American history, ar- of a ting is fo Na but the prop- g g Y chitecture, archeology, engineer- National Historic Landmark— Ownership— legal status in which Resource— any building, structure, through which a historic prop- (NHL) a historic property evalu- an owner holds fee simple title to site, or object that is part of or erty is not actually listed ; nomi- ing, and culture. P P Y p j erty evokes the aesthetic or his- ated and found to have signifi- a property, orportion of it. constitutes a historic property . nating authorities and federal g P P Y� P P tY agency officials commonly and re- toric sense of past time and place . Information potential— ability of a cance at the national level and g Y Y Period of significance-- span of Resource e— the general cate- property to provide important in- designated as such bythe Secre- g P �'p quest determinations of eligibil- Function— (or use) purpose for time in which a property at- goryofproperty— buildin formation about history or pre- of the Interior . P P for structure, bj ity for federal planning purposes which a building, site, structure, tary tained the significance for which structure, site, district, or object— and in cases where a majority of object, or district is used . (See history through its composition gn ) Y and physical remains; impor- National Historic Preservation Act, it meets the National Register cri- that may be listed in the National private owners has objected to also current and historic func- lance recognized by criterion D . as amended— 1966 legislation teria . Register. National Register listing. tion . ) establishing the National Regis- Description— section of the registra- Geographical area— an area of land Integrity— authenticity of a ter of Historic Places and extend- Physical characteristics evisible Setting— quality of integrity apply- property' s historic identity, evi- ingthe national historic preserva- tion and tangible attributes of a his- ing to the physical environment lion form where the historic fea- containing historic or archeologi- P toric property or groupof his- of a historic property .denced by the survival of physi- tion programs to properties of P P P P Y tures and current condition of a cal resources that can be identi- P g P P toricproperties. cal characteristics that existed property are described . fled on a map and delineated by State and local significance. Significance— importance of a his- fled o boundaries . during the property' s historic or Potential to yield information— toric property as defined by the Discontiguous district— a historic prehistoric period . • National Register criteria for evalua- likelihood of a property to pro- National Register criteria in one 1 jl or archeological district contain- Historic context— an organizing lion— established criteria for vide information about an impor- or more areas of significance. Level of significance— geographi- evaluatingthe eligibility of prop- ing ing two or more geographically structure for interpreting history $i Y P P- tant aspect of historyor rehis- cal level—local State, or na- P P separate areas. that groups information abouterties for inclusion in the Na- Significant date— date of an event tional—at which a historic prop- tory through its physical compo- historic properties which share a tional Register of Historic Places . or activity related to the impor- District a significant concentration, erty has been evaluated and sition and remains. Sys- linkage, or continuity of sites, common theme, common geo- National Register Information S s- lance for which a property meets graphical location, and common found to be significant . g � Y Preservation planning— series of ac- the National Register criteria . buildings, structures, or objects tern (NRIS )— computerized data tivities through whichgoals, ri united historically or aestheti- time period . The development of Local significance- importance of a base of information on properties g P Site— location of a significant event, historic contexts is a foundation property to the historyof its corn- orities, and strategies for ation,fi- cally by plan or physical develop- P P Y included in the National Register a prehistoric or historic occupa- ment. for decisions about the planning, munity, such as a town or county . cation, evaluation, registration, of Historic Places. tion or activity, or a building or identification, evaluation, regis- and protection of historic proper- Location— quality of integrity re National Register of Historic ties are developed . structure, whether standing, ru- Documentation— information that tration, and treatment of historic g ined , describes, locates, and explains properties, based upon compara- tamed by a historic property ex- Places— official federal list of or vanished , where the loca- P P P P P istin in the sameplace as it did Preservation planning process— tion itself possesses historic, cul- the significance of a historic prop- live significance . g districts, sites, buildings, struc- erty. during the period of significance. tures, and objects significant in process by which goals, priori- tural, or archeological value re- Historic district— See "district. " ties, and strategies for preserva- gardless of the value of any Documentation standards— require- HistoricMaterials— qualityof integrity American history, architecture, g h' ap- tion planning activities are set existing structure . function— use of a district, plying to the physical elements archeology, engineering and cul- forth and carried out . ments for describing, locating, site, building, structure, or object that were combined or deposited ture . State Historic Preservation Officer and stating the significance of a Property— area of land containinga property for listing in the Na at the time it attained historic sig- in a particular pattern or configu- National significance— importance P gl by the o the official designated nificance . ration to form a historicproperty . single historic resource or a by the Governor to administer tional Register. of a property to the history of the group of resources, and constitut- the State' s historic preservation Historic property-- anyprehistoric Multiple property documentation •• United States as a nation . Eligibility— ability of a property to P P �' P P P �' ing a single entry in the National program and the duties de- meet the National Register cri- or historic district, site, building, form— official National Register Nominating Authority— Federal or Register of Historic Places. scribed in 36 CFR Part 61 includ- structure, or object . form (NPS 10-900-b) used for doc- teria . State official authorized to nomi- ing nominating properties to the Historic significance— importance umentingthe contexts and prop- properties Property type— a grouping of prop- nate ro rties to the National National Register . Evaluation— process by which the ertytypes fora multiple property erties defined by common physi- for which a property has been YPP P P Y Register of Historic Places . significance and integrity of a his- listing. cal and associative attributes. State historic preservation office— toric property are judged and eli- evaluated and found to meet the Noncontributing resource— a build - office in State or territorial gov - National Register criteria . Multiple property listing— a group Public notice— notification made gibility for National Register list- g P P P �' g g P ing, site, structure, or object that ernment that administers the of historic properties related b through a public notice in a local ing is determined . Historic Sites Act— enacted in 1935, P P Y does not add to the historic sig- preservation programs under the common theme, generalgeo- newspaper or public place . Evaluation methods— steps the legislation providing for thenificance of a property . National Historic Preservation preservation of historic Ameri graphical area, and period of Public participation— process by Act. through which the eligibility of a time for the purpose of National Notification— process through historic property is determined . can sites, buildings, objects, and Register documentation and list- which property owners, public which the opinions of property State preservation plan— document antiquities of national jests, i- g owners, public officials, and the officials, and the general public that sets forth the process by Event an occasion, circumstance, cance, including the designation ing ' general public are considered or activity that occurred within a of National Historic Landmarks Multiple property submission— and listings in and determina for- are notified of nominations to prior to making a decision to which a State develops goals, pri - - orities, and strategies for preser- particular period of time, or con- and historic units of the National mat through which historic prop- nominate or list a historic prop- g lions of eligibility for the Na- vation planning purposes . • tinued over an extended period Park System . erties related by theme, general tional Register. erty in the National Register . of time. area, and period of State review board— a board , coun- Identification— process through geographical Registration— process described in Federal Preservation Officer (FPO)— which information is gathered time may be documented as a Object— a construction primarily cal , commission or other collegial Y 36 CFR Part 60 which results in body appointed b the SHPO to row and listed in the National artistic in nature or relatively y pp y official designated by the head about historic properties . group historic or archeological proper- of each Federal agency to be re- Register. small in scale and simply con- review the eligibility of nomi - g Y ties being listed or determined el- Identification methods— steps post.structed, such as a statue or mile- nated properties and the ade- sponsible for coordinating the P Multiple resource submission— for- igible for listing in the National P P a enc 's activities under the Na- through which information post. quacy of nomination documenta - g Y mat previouslyused for docu - Register. about historic properties is gath- tion . tional Historic Preservation Act, mentingand listinggroups of his- Owner objection— a notarized writ- ered . g P Registration requirements— attri- as amended, including nominat- toric properties located within ten statement from a property State significance— importance of a P P owner disapproving the nomina - butes of significance and integ- ro er to the histor of the the same general geographical pP g property where it is located . Appendix IV : 2 Appendix IV : 3 Statement of significance— section historic properties related by a maps of the United States Geolo- of the registration form where common theme; see "multiple gical Survey . the reasons a property is signifi- property submission ." Verbal boundary description— a cant and meets the National Reg- Theme— a trend or pattern in his- statement that gives the precise pter criteria are stated and ex- tory or prehistory relating to a boundaries of a historic property, APPENDIX V : THE lained . particular aspect of cultural de- such as a lot number, metes and Structure— a functional construe- velopment, such as dairy farm- bounds, or township and range. tion made for purposes other ing or silver mining . Workmanship— quality of integrity NATIONAL HISTORIC than creating shelter, such as a UTM reference— a set of coordi- applying to the physical evi- bridge. nates (easting and northing) that dence of the crafts of a particular Thematic resource submission- indicates a unique location ac- culture, people, or artisan . LANDMARKS IR I T E R I A format previously used for docu- cording to the Universal Trans- , menting and listing a group of mercator Grid appearing on i ,, The quality of national significance or artistic significance, or out- tance in the nation's history and 1 is ascribed to districts, sites, build- standingly commemorate or illus- the association consequential; or ings, structures, and objects that pos- trate a way of life or culture; or • A site of a building or structure sess exceptional value or quality in • That have yielded or may be no longer standing but the person illustrating or interpreting the heri likely to yield information of or event associated with it is of tl ! tage of the United States in history, major scientific importance by re- transcendent importance in the architecture, archeology, engineer- vealing new cultures, or by shed- nations' s history and the associa- ing, and culture and that possess a ding light upon periods of tion consequential; or h degree of integrity of location, occupation over large areas of the design, setting, materials, workman United States. Such sites are • A birthplace, grave or burial if it g ship, feeling, and association, and : those which have yielded, or is of a historical figure of transcen- • That are associated with events which may reasonably be ex- dent national significance and no that have made a significant con- pected to yield, data affecting the- other appropriate site, building, tribution to, and are identified ones, concepts and ideas to a or structure directly associated i with, or that outstandingly repre- major degree . with the productive life of that person exists; or sent, the broad national patterns of United States history and from NATIONAL HISTORIC • A cemetery that derives its pri- which an understanding and ap- LANDMARK EXCLUSIONS mary national significance from predation of those patterns may Ordinarily, cemeteries, birthplaces, graves of persons of transcendent be gained ; or graves of historical figures, proper- importance, or from an exception- • • That are associated importantly ties owned by religious institutions ally distinctive design or an ex- with the lives of persons nation- or used for religious purposes, struc- ceptionally significant event; or ally significant in the history of tures that have been moved from • A reconstructed building or en- the United States; or their original locations, reconstructed semble of buildings of extraordi- • That represent some great idea or historic buildings and properties that nary national significance when ideal of the American people; or have achieved significance within the accurately executed in a suitable past fifty years are not eligible for environment and presented in a • That embody the distinguishing designation . If such properties fall dignified manner as part of a res- characteristics of an architectural within the following categories they toration master plan, and when type specimen exceptionally valu - may, nevertheless, be found to qual- no other buildings or structures j able for a study of a period, style ify : with the same association have or method of construction , or that • A religious property deriving its survived ; or represent a significant, distinctive primary national significance • and exceptional entity whose p y g A property primarily commemo- and exceptional may lack individualwhose from architectural or artistic dis- rative in intent if design, age, tra- tinction or historical importance; dition, or symbolic value has distinction; or or invested it with its own national • That are composed of integral historical significance; or parts of the environment not suffi- • A building or structure removed parts y significanttby nos from its original location but • A property achieving national sig- chistoricalntly association re artistic oof which is nationally significant pri - nificance within the past 50 years merit to warrant ion or cog- manly for its architectural merit, if it is of extraordinary national merit but arrant individualely compose or for association with persons or importance . an entity of exceptional historical events of transcendent impor- Appendix IV : 4 Appendix V : 1 TUNNELS POWER DAMS Type of connecting rod ends Dates of construction Dates of construction Type of crank Engineers Construction materials Method of drive (rope, direct, etc . ) APPENDIX VI • Association with particular railroad , Principal engineersflywheel diameter and face CHECKLIST road, or other transportation route Levee dimensions Type of condenser Feature traversed Floodway dimensions Uses of exhaust steam Length Gates Changes to engine FOR DESCRIBING Dimensions of bore Channel dimensions Boiler history, if known Double or single track (if a railroad Storage reservoirs Earlier power sources on site tunnel) Slope Alterations STRUCTURES OF Materials of construction (liner, Size SANITARY SYSTEMS portals, etc . ) Grade Ventilation system Section Dates of construction ENGINEERING OR Engineering problems encountered Alterations Waterwheel type (overshot, for Principal engineers example) Construction materials Penstocks Settling tanks LIGHTHOUSES Power generators Piping system INDUSTRIAL SIGNIFICANCE Engineers of construction n Number of kilowatts Filtration systems g, Alterations Alterations Approximate dimensions of (See also Water Supply and Control lighthouse; dimensions at base and POWER GENERATING PLANTS Systems) top, height of focal plane above sea Dates of construction MINES AND OTHER level . Principal engineers EXTRACTION FACILITIES RAILROADS, SUBWAYS, AND Plantings and other landscape Historic aircraft Material used in construction : brick, Construction materials RELATED RESOURCES features Alterations stone, iron, wood-painted , etc . Source of power : coal-fired, steam, Dates of construction Dates of construction Associated buildings within the Form of lighthouse: conical, nuclear, hydroelectric, etc . Construction materials boundaries, includinggatehouses, BRIDGES octagonal, rod or steel screw pile Buildings and structures comprising Construction firm Principal engineers P gtower facilityPrincipal miningengineers tollbooths, and refectories P g Distance (length in miles) Dates of construction Distinguishing architectural details Alterations Mineral content Terminus points Viewpoints, pull-offs, overlooks, and Manufacturer (if prefabricated ) Type of illuminant and lenses used : (See also Power Dams and Electrical Type of mine (open-pit, etc . ) Grade: highest and lowest points observation points Engineers yP yP g Significant vistas g existing and previous source; Systems ) Mine dimensions Type of track / gauge (standard or g Association with particular railroad, shape of lanternpanes; range of Materials and types of conveyance Alterations P g yp y narrow) road, or other transportation route light beam ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS systems (trams, railroads, etc . ) Major buildings and structures along CANALS AND WATERWAYS Substructure ( structure below deck) Special signaling equipment fog Dates of construction Shafts, tunnels, pits, and other right-of-way that are included Height above feature spanned horns, radio signals, etc . structures within the boundaries Dates of construction Material of abutments andpiers Principal engineers Associated buildings and structures Tailings Historic rolling stock Principal engineers Deck and superstructure (above deck) within the boundaries, includingWiring ( type, placement above or Alterations Cuts and earthfills Elevation at terminuspoints and the Type of truss, arch, etc . below ground ) yPthe keeper' s house, oil house, Substations Dimensions of trolleys summit level Materials and dimensions of deck sheds, and cisterns . MILLS FACTORIES, AND OTHER Powers stem Number and type of locks Materials of superstructure Towers for power lines (dimensions, Y yP P Alterations PROCESSING FACILITIES Alterations Source of water supply Number of spans and lengths type, etc . ) Average speed and type of Construction depth Light fixtures Dates of construction g P yP P WATER SUPPLY AND CONTROL ROADS, HIGHWAYS, AND navigation ( steamboat, towpath, or Width of road SYSTEMS Transformer boxes Construction materialsineers Switches Principal en PARKWAYS bateau ) Alterations P g Dates of construction Typical lock dimensions Dates of construction Alterations Power source ( see Power Generating Distance ( length in miles) Typical boat dimensions TRESTLES AND VIADUCTS Construction materials (See also Power Generating Plants ) Plants and Heavy Power Wharves and docks Principal engineers Machinery) Principal engineers and, if any, Dates of construction Hood control systems HEAVY POWER MACHINERY Buildings and structures landscape architects Lengths in both canalized and Number of spans and lengths y g P P g Water distributions stems (dimensions, functions, construction Topography slackwater miles Y Dates of construction Engineers Filtration systems materials, physical layout, etc . ) Width of roadway, shoulders, and Historical summary (original aims of Association withparticular railroad , y Cylinder bore and stroke P y ` y company, etc . ) Settling tanks Horsepower Historic machinery and equipment right-of-way road, or other transportation route Associated buildings and structures Site transportation systems (railroad Number and type of bridges, Alterationsg R.P . M . (revolutions per minute ) P y Number of piers (bents) (gatehouse, dams, pumping station, Poundsper square inch (of steam) spurs, loading and shipping docks, culverts, and tunnels AIRPORTS Materials of construction reservoirs, etc . ) r etc. ) Major cuts and earthfills Double or single track Purpose (public water, irrigation, Manufacturer Alterations Grade of highest and lowest points Dates of construction Manufacturer and / or contractor Materials flood control, etc . ) Type of valves and gear and superelevation Length of runways Feature spanned (river valley, gorge, Alterations Type of crosshead guides Surface material Surface materials etc. ) yP Types of entrances, exits, and Principal engineers Width intersections • Air traffic tower (dimensions, height, Major height ( water level to deck Traffic control systems materials, etc . ) level ) Sloping of banks Communications systems Alterations Walls, guardrails, and curbing Hangers Terminals Appendix VI : 1 Appendix VI: 2 4 ROLES OF CERTIFYING AND COMMENTING OFFICIALS Action Certifying Official Commenting Official APPENDIX VII • • NOMINATIONS ( including NONFEDERAL DETERMINATIONS OF INSTRUCTIONS FOR ELIGIBILITY) Nomination of private and / or nonfederal publicly owned SHPO None property CERTIFYING Nomination of Federal Property FPO SHPO FORMS Nomination of a historic district including Federal property SHPO FPO (signature not re- R E G I S T R A T I O N quired ) Nomination of Federal property initiated by SHPO SHPO FPO , Concurrent nomination by two or more SHPOs SHPOs of concurring None 3 . State/Federal Agency Certification States Concurrent nomination by SHPO and Federal agency SHPO and FPO None As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended , I hereby certify that this ❑ nomination Nominations of property owned by the Federal governmentby Same roles as above for Concurrent SHPO and ❑ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of and other owners FPO, Nomination of Federal Property by SHPO, or Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion , the property ❑ meets ❑ does not meet the National Register criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant Nomination of a historic district including Federal proper- nationally ❑ statewide ❑ locally. ( ❑ See continuation sheet for additional comments.) ty. Nomination of property in adjoining State(s ) SHPO initiating action SHPO of adjoining Signature of certifying officiaUTitle Date State( s) FEDERAL DETERMINATIONS OF ELIGIBILITY State or Federal agency and bureau Federal request for determination of eligibility Federal official or desig- SHPO opinions may be ( USE OF FORM IS OPTIONAL) letter In my opinion , the property ❑ meets ❑ does not meet the National Register criteria. ( See continuation sheet for additional nee provided b y comments.) Signature of certifying official/Title Date State or Federal agency and bureau Section 3 is completed by State agency responsible for property. Re- • attests that the form accurately Historic Preservation Officers quests for Federal determinations of and coherently documents the ( SHPOs ), Federal Preservation Offi- eligibility are certified by an official property, cers (FPOs), and other Federal offi- of the Federal agency responsible for • attests that all notification and re- cials . The certifying official (the the property or Federal activity affect- view requirements have been ful- official initiating the action) corn- ing the property . filled, pletes the first signature block . The The role of the SHPO, FPO, and commenting official (any State or other Federal officials, in each case, • provides an opinion on the eligi- Federal official whose comment is re- depends on several things: the action bility of the property, and quired under the National Register being requested, agency initiating the • recommends that property is sig- regulations, 36 CFR Part 60) corn- action, ownership of property, and re- nificant either nationally, state- • pletes the second signature block . quirements in 36 CFR Part 60. wide, or locally . ( Local government officials, includ- To determine the appropriate certi- ing those in CLGs, and other persons fying and commenting officials in a By signing the form, a commenting may express their opinions in a letter particular case, refer to Roles ' of Certi- official: accompanying the form. ) fying and Commenting Officials on • acknowledges that he or she has For nominations to the National page 2 of this appendix . had the opportunity to comment Register, the certifying official is usu- By signing the form a certifying of- on the action being requested, and ally the SHPO of the state where the ficial : property is located or, in the case of a • provides an opinion on the eligi- • indicates property, the FPO of the the action being re- bility of the property . quested, Appendix VII : 1 Appendix VII : 2 COMPLETING THE COMPLETING THE CERTIFYING ample, "Commercial Development of recommendation must be supported statewide, or nationally . Greeneville, Tennessee, 1880 to by the documentation on the registra- Mark "national" only if the proper- FIRST SIGNATURE SECOND PROPERTIES IN 1930." This evaluation results in a tion form, including the case made ty is documented as having national BLOCK SIGNATURE BLOCK STATES WITH NO finding that the property is eligible at for significance and the development importance in the registration form one or several levels . of historic context . Consult National and should be considered for desig- APPROVED STATE The certifying official marks "x" Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the nation as a National Historic The certifying official completes The commenting official, if any, PROGRAM in one or more boxes to indicate his National Register Criteria for Evaluation Landmark . (See Chapter V, Document- the first signature block by : completes the second signature or her recommendation on the sig- for guidance on establishing whether ing Nationally Significant Properties . ) inblock by : nificance of the property. The a property is significant locally, 1 . marking "x" the boxes to indicate: 1 . marking "x" in the box that indi- In States with no approved State cases his or her opinion on the program, a local government official • the action being requested , eligibility of the resource, and or a private individual may nominate • his or her opinion on whether properties directly to the National the property meets the Na- 2 . signing the form and entering Register according to the procedures tional Register criteria, and his or her title, the date, and the set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. name of the State or, for Federal In these cases, section 3' is left blank • whether the property is sig- officials, the abbreviated name and the individual or local official nificant nationally, statewide, of the agency and bureau (see submits the completed form to the or locally (more than one box Appendix III for abbreviations ) . National Park Service with a letter. may be marked ); and Any commenting official not The letter must include the following 2 . signing the form and entering his believing the property meets the Na- items : or her title, the date, and the tional Register criteria also marks 1 . A statement that the documenta- name of the State or, for "x" in the box for "see continuation tion is accurate and meets the Federal officials, the ab- sheet" and provides an explanation professional standards outlined breviated name of the agency on a continuation sheet . in the National Register regula- and bureau (see Appendix III for Additional commenting officials tions. abbreviations) . sign a continuation sheet containing 2 . The signature of the person the following statement : makingthe nomination, An official not believing the plus property meets the National In my opinion, the property his or her title, affiliation, mail- meets does not meet the Na - in address, and daytime Register criteria also marks the box g Y for "see continuation sheet" and tional Register criteria . telephone number . provides an explanation on a con- The same continuation sheet may 3 . The names and mailing addres - tinuation sheet. be used for the explanation of a corn- ses of the appropriate local Each additional certifying official menting official not believing the government official and all signs and dates a continuation sheet property meets the National Register legal property owners, so that containing the following statement : criteria . the National Park Service can As the designated authority under the A continuation sheet with the notify these individuals in ac- National Historic Preservation Act, as above statement may be used in cordance with the National amended, I hereby certify that this place of the second signature block, if Register regulations . nomination meets the documentation a certifying official chooses to send properties in the commenting officials a copy of standards for registeringTo find out if a State has an ap f p p the completed registration form proved program, contact the Nation- the National Register of Historic rather than the original . al Park Service . Places and meets the procedural and Whenever continuation sheets are professional requirements set forth in used for the opinions of commenting 36 CFR Part 60 . In my opinion, the ESTABLISHING property meets does officials, the certifying agency should mark "x" in the box for "see continua- SIGNIFICANCE not meet the National Register criteria . I recommend that this proper- tion sheet" on the form and provide LOCALLY ty be considered significant na each commenting official with a con - i tionally statewide locally. tinuation sheet ready to complete, STATEWIDE , OR sign, and date . NATIONALLY Any official not believing the . property meets the National Register criteria may provide his or National Register properties have her explanation on the same con tinuation sheet . significance locally, statewide, or na- tionally . When a property is evaluated for National Register list- ing, its significance is considered in relationship to other properties and property types within a common his- toric context, that is a historic theme, period and geographical area : for ex- Appendix VII : 3 — Appendix VII : 4 8 . Check the figures for accuracy 10 . Enter the each grid reference on required for properties less than by remeasuring . the USGS form ( in pencil only) ten acres; three or more refer- 9 . Be sure the following is given : and in section 10 of the registra - ences for larger properties . I I I zone number, easting, and tion form ( see instructions on APPENDIX page 55 ) . One UTM reference is northing ( Z , E ,N ) . INSTRUCT IONS FOR DETERMINING UTM REFERENCES .. The Universal Transverse Mercator tor ("northing") . These three fig- line somewhere to the south- ( UTM) Grid System provides a sim- ures—the zone number, easting, and west of the point. ple and accurate method for record- northing—make up the complete 3 . Record the zone number on a ing the geographic location of a UTM grid reference for any point worksheet . This number ap- historic property. The UTM Grid Sys- and distinguish it from any other pears in the lower left corner of tern has a number of advantages over point on Earth . the map . the Geographic Coordinate System of The simplest method of determin- latitude and longitude, particularly ing a UTM reference is based on 4 . Record on a worksheet the num- speed, precision, and the use of lin- drawing part of the UTM grid on the bers given by the map ticks ear, metric units of measure. Deter- map, and measuring from the grid through which the lines have mining UTM references, in its lines to the point . It requires the fol- been drawn. These are the first simplest application, requires only a lowing: three digits of the easting value straightedge, a coordinate counter, • a flat work surface on which the and the first four digits of the and a sharp pencil as working tools . map may spread out in full northing value . (The coordinate counter, a plastic 5 . Locate the scale on the coordi- measuring tool, may be obtained • a straightedge (ordinary rulers nate counter matching that of . from J & J Reproduction and Draft- may not be accurate enough) the map, eg. 1 :24,000. Align the ing Supplies, Inc., 9017-F Mendenhall long enough to reach completely counter on the map so that : Court, Columbia, MD 21045 . ) across the map—generally 28 " to The UTM grid references may be 36" a . the side of the scale that reads determined from many USGS quad- • a very sharp pencil and a work- from right to left lies along rangles published since 1950, and all sheet the east- west line . published since 1959 . If there is no b . the side of the scale that USGS map with UTM ticks for a loca- • a UTM coordinate counter reads from left to right tion, enter the geographic coordi- To measure each point, follow passes directly through the nates for the location of the property these steps : point . using latitude and longitude or a State' sgrid system. 1 . Draw a line from the top of the (Check the alignment to be sure y to the bottom (north to that it is precise. ) In the UTM system, the Earth is di- map vided into 60 zones, running north south), connecting the UTM 6 . Read the coordinate counter and south, each 6 degrees wide . ticks of the same value directly scales, right to left for the east- Each zone is numbered ( most of the west of the point, that is the ing and upward for the north- USA. is included in zones 10 through ticks with the highest easting ing to get a measured value in 19 ), beginning at the 180-degree me- value west of the point . three decimal places . In each ridian near the International Date 2 . Draw a line from the left to the case, enter the measured value Line. On a USGS map, each zone is right side of the map ( west to on the worksheet after the num- flattened and a square grid is marked east ), connecting the grid ticks ber recorded in step 4 . off in meters superimposed upon it. of the same value directly south 7. Check the readings—are all fig- Any point in the zone may be refer- of the point, that is the ticks ures in the correct decimal enced by citing its zone number, its with the highest northing value place ? The easting will have six distance in meters from a north- south of the point . This line digits and the northing seven . south reference line ( "easting"), and will intersect the north-south its distance in meters from the Equa- Appendix VIII : 1 Appendix VIII : 2 I LOUISIANA (LA) MISSOURI (MO ) NORTH CAROLINA (NC ) Assistant Secretary , Director Director Office of Cultural Development State Department of Natural Division of Archives and History APPENDIX IX : CONTACTS P . O. Box 44247 Resources Department of Cultural Resources Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70804 P. O. Box 176 109 East Jones Street Jefferson City, Missouri 65102 Raleigh, North Carolina 27611 MAINE (ME) Director MONTANA (MT) NORTH DAKOTA (ND ) Maine Historic Preservation State Historic Preservation Officer State Historic Preservation Officer COLORADO ( CO ) GUAM ( GU) Commission Montana Historical Society North Dakota Historical Society STATE HISTORIC 55 Capitol Street 225 North Roberts Street ND Heritage Center PRESERVATION President Director State House Station 65 Veterans Memorial Building Bismarck, North Dakota 58505 Colorado Historical Society Department of Parks and Recreation Augusta, Maine 04333 Helena, Montana 59620-9990 OFFICERS Colorado History Museum 490 Naval Hospital Road COMMONWEALTH OF THE 1300 Broadway Agana Heights, Guam 96910 REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL NEBRASKA (NE) NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS Denver, Colorado 80203-2137 ISLANDS (MH) Director (MP) ALABAMA (AL) HAWAII (HI) • Historic Preservation Officer The Nebraska State Historical Society Historic Preservation Officer State Historic Preservation Officer CONNECTICUT (CT) State Historic Preservation Officer Secretary of Interior and Outer 1500 R Street Department of Community and Alabama Historical Commission Director Department of Land and Natural Islands Affairs, Alele Museum P . O. Box 82554 Cultural Affairs 725 Monroe Street Connecticut Historical Commission Resources P. O. Box 629 Lincoln, Nebraska 68501 Commonwealth of the Northern Montgomery, Alabama 36130 59 South Prospect Street P. O. Box 621 Majuro, Marshall Islands 96960 Mariana Islands Hartford, Connecticut 06106 Honolulu, Hawaii 96809 NEVADA (NV) Saipan, Mariana Islands 96950 ALASKA (AK) MARYLAND (MD ) Director Chief DELAWARE (DE) IDAHO ( ID ) Executive Director Department of Conservation and OHIO (OH) History and Archeology Director Director Historical and Cultural Programs Natural Resources State Historic Preservation Officer Department of Natural Resources Division of Historical and Cultural Idaho Historical Society Department of Housing and Nye Building, Room 213 Historic Preservation Office Division of Parks and Outdoor Affairs 210 Main Street Community Development 201 So . Fall Street Ohio Historical Center Recreation P . O. Box 1401 Boise, Idaho 83702 45 Calvert Street Carson City, Nevada 89710 1985 Velma Avenue P. O. Box 107001 Hall of Records Annapolis, Maryland 21401 Columbus, Ohio 43211 Anchorage, Alaska 99510-7001 Dover, Delaware 19901 ILLINOIS (IL) NEW HAMPSHIRE (NH ) AMERICAN SAMOA DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (DC) Director MASSACHUSETTS (MA) Director OKLAHOMA ( OK) Illinois Historic Preservation Agency Executive Director Division of Historical Resources Executive Director Territorial Historic Preservation Deputy Mayor for Administration Old State Capitol Massachusetts Historical Commission P .O. Box 2043 Oklahoma Historical Society Officer 1350 Pennsylvania Avenue NW . Springfield , Illinois 62701 80 Boylston Street, Suite 310 Concord , New Hampshire 03302-2043 Wiley Post Historical Building Department of Parks and Recreation Room 507 Boston, Massachusetts 02116 2100 N . Lincoln American Samoa Government Washington, D .C . 20004 INDIANA (IN) NEW JERSEY (NJ) Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73105 Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 MICHIGAN (MI) Director Commissioner FEDERATED STATES OF OREGON ( OR) ARIZONA (AZ) MICRONESIA (FM) Department of Natural Resources Director Dept of Environmental Protection - - 608 State Office Building Bureau of History CN-402, 401 East State Street State Parks Superintendent Chief Historic Preservation Officer Indianapolis, Indiana 46204 Department of State Trenton, New Jersey 08625 525 Trade Street, SE . Office of Historic Preservation Office of Administrative Services 717 W . Ellegan Salem, Oregon 97310 Arizona State Parks Division of-Archives and Historic IOWA (IA) Lansing, Michigan 48918 NEW MEXICO (NM) 800 W . Washington, Suite 415 Preservation REPUBLIC OF PALAU (PW ) Phoenix, Arizona 85007 Administrator State Historic Preservation Officer FSM National Government State Historical Society of Iowa MINNESOTA (MN) Historic Preservation Division Historic Preservation Officer P . O. Box 490 P ARKANSAS (AR) Capitol itol Complex Director Office of Cultural Affairs Division of Cultural Affairs Kolonia, Pohnpei 96941 East 6th and Locust Street Minnesota Historical Society Villa Rivera, Room 101 Ministry of Social Services Director Des Moines, Iowa 50319 690 Cedar Street 228 E . Palace Avenue P. O. Box 100, Government of Palau Arkansas Historic Preservation FLORIDA (FL) Program St. Paul , Minnesota 55101 Santa Fe, New Mexico 87503 Koror, Republic of Palau 96940 g Director KANSAS (KS ) The Heritage Center, Suite 300 Division of Historical Resources MISSISSIPPI (MS ) NEW YORK (NY) PENNSYLVANIA (PA) 225 E . Markham Executive Director Department of State • Little Rock, Arkansas 72201 Kansas State Historical Society Director Commissioner State Historic Preservation Officer The Capitol 120 West 10th Street State of Mississippi Department of Office of Parks, Recreation and Pennsylvania Historical and CALIFORNIA (CA) Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0250 Topeka, Kansas 66612 Archives and History Historic Preservation Museum Commission P . O. Box 571 Agency Building #1 P . O. Box 1026 State Historic Preservation Officer GEORGIA ( GA) KENTUCKY (KY) Jackson, Mississippi 39205 Empire State Plaza Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17108- 1026 Office of Historic Preservation Commissioner Albany, New York 12238 Department of Parks and Recreation Director P.O Box 942896 Department of Natural Resources Kentucky Heritage Council Historic Preservation Section Capitol Tower, 12th floor Sacramento, California 94296-0001 1252 Floyd Towers East CapitolFrankf Plaza, Ka tucky 12th 0601 205 Butler Street, SE . Atlanta, Georgia 30334 Appendix IX: 1 Appendix IX: 2 COMMONWEALTH OF PUERTO VIRGINIA ( VA) Forest Service DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND Chief INDEPENDENT AGENCIES RICO (PR ) 12th & Independence Avenue, NW HUMAN SERVICES Environmental Services Director Room 4218 S . Box 2417 Environmental Protection Specialist State Historic Preservation Officer De artment of Historic Resources De ut Director Bureau of Indian Affairs P Washington, DC 20013 p Y 1951 Constitution Avenue, NW Office of Federal Activities ( A- 104 ) La Fortaleza 221 Governor Street Office of Environmental Affairs Environmental Protection Agency P. O. Box 82 Richmond , Virginia 23219 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Department of Health and Human Washington, DC 20245 401 M . Street, SW San Juan, Puerto Rico 00901 Services Washington, DC 20460 WASHINGTON (WA) Office of Real Property Programs Room 523 H DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE RHODE ISLAND (RI) H1037 200 Inde Avenue, SW Assistant Director Federal Communications State Historic Preservation Officer Department of Commerce Washington, State Historic Preservation Officer Office of Archeology and Historic gton, DC 20201 Real Property and Space Commission 14th & Constitution Ave . NW, Management Services Room 222 Historical Preservation Commission Preservation Room 1033 DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING Justice Management Division 1919 M Street, Room 222 Old State House 111 West 21st Avenue, KL-11 Washington, DC 20230 AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT One McPherson Square BuildingWashington, DC 20554 150 Benefit Street Olympia, Washington 98504 q g Providence, Rhode Island 02903 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Assistant Secretary 1425 K Street, NW, Suite 700 WEST VIRGINIA (WV) Department of Housing and Urban Washington, DC 20530 Director SOUTH CAROLINA (SC) Director Development Arts and Historic Preservation Commissioner Installations & Facilities Community Planning and DEPARTMENT OF LABOR General Services Administration Director Division of Culture and History Washington, DC 20405 Department of Archives and History Capitol Complex Navy-OASN (S& L) Development Department of History g P. O. Box 11669, Capitol Station Charleston, West Virginia 25305 Room 406, Crystal Plaza 5 Room 7100 Room S-2109, FPB Columbia, South Carolina 29211 Washington, DC 20360-5000 Washington, DC 20410 Department of Labor Section of Energy & Environment WISCONSIN (WI) 200 Constitution Avenue Interstate Commerce Commission Office of Environmental Policy DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Washington, DC 20210 Room 3214 SOUTH DAKOTA ( SD ) Director CECW-RE, Pulaski Building & Constitution Avenue, NW State Historic Preservation Officer Historic Preservation Division 20 Massachusetts Ave ., N Senior Archeologist NW DEPARTMENT OF STATE Washington, DC 20423 South Dakota Historical Society State Historical Society Washington, DC 20314- 1000 Bureau of Land Management (2661 ) 900 Governors Drive 816 State Street Washington, DC 20240 Deputy Assistant Secretary for Director Pierre, South Dakota 57501 Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Operations Facilities Operations and Division of Property and General A / OPR Force for Environment, Safety & Services Department of State Maintenance Division TENNESSEE (TN) WYOMING (WY) p Occupational Health NASA Headquarters SAF / RQ Bureau of Mines Room 1417 New State Code NXG State Historic Preservation Officer Director 2401 E Street, NW Washington, DC 20520 Department of Conservation Archives, Museums and Historical Washington, DC 20330 Washington, DC 20241 Washington, DC 20546 701 Broadway Department DEPARTMENT OF Nashville, Tennessee 37219-5237 Barrett BuildingDepartment Assistant Secretary for Assistant Director of Operations Installations & HousingOffice of Territorial Affairs TRANSPORTATION National Capitol Planning 2301 Central Avenue Department of the Interior Office of Regulatory Affairs Commission TEXAS (TX) Cheyenne, Wyoming 82002 Room 3E593, Pentagon Washington, DC 20240 Washington DC 20301 -0100 Environmental Division 1325 G Street, N . W . Executive Director , Room 9247 Washington, D .C . 20576 Texas State Historical Commission FEDERAL DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Surface Mining Department of Transportation P . O. Box 12276, Capitol Station Reclamation & Enforcement 400 7th Street, S.W . Small Business Administration Austin, Texas 78711 PRESERVATION Coordinator Department of the Interior Washington, DC 20590 1441 L Street, NW OFFICERS LSCA Title II Washington, DC 20240 Washington, DC 20550 UTAH (UT) State & Public Library Services Chief Director Branch Chief Environmental Analysis Division Office of Architectural History & Utah State Historical Society DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Department of Education Division of Recreation, Cultural , and Capitol Place, NW, Room 402 Federal Highway Administration Historic Preservation 300 Rio Grande Environmental Protection Specialist Wilderness Resources 400 7th Street, SW Smithsonian Institution, T-238 Salt Lake City, Utah 84101 555 New Jersey Ave . , NW Bureau of Land Management Washington, DC 20590 Washington, DC 20560 Farmers Home Administration Washington, DC 20208 Washington, DC 20240 g g VERMONT (VT) Room 6309 South Building DEPARTMENT OF THE Manager 14th & Independence Ave ., SW DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Chief TREASURY Office of Natural Resources and Director Washington, DC 20250 Director History Division Economic Development Division for Historic Preservation National Park Service Chief P 58 East State Street National Cultural Resources Office of Electric Power Regulation Curator and Preservation Officer Tennessee Valley Authority Federal EnergyRegulatory P . O. Box 37127 Department of the TreasuryCity c / o Pavilion Office BuildingSpecialist g Y1E61 Old Hall Montpelier, Vermont 05602 Soil Conservation Service Commission Washington, DC 20013 7127 Washington, DC 20220 Knoxville, Tennessee 37902 P . O. Box 2890 Washington, DC 20426 • VIRGIN ISLANDS (VI) Washington, DC 20013 Senior Service Archeologist Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Historic Preservation Officer Assistant Secretary for Environment, MC-203 for Management Veterans Administration (086B ) Commissioner Safetyand Health Bureau of Reclamation Director Department of the Treasury810 Vermont Ave, NW Department of Planning and Natural Department of Energy, EH-1 P . O. Box 25007 DFC P DC 20420 Resources Office of Rural Development Policy P gY Main Treasury Building, Room 2426 Washington, Nisky Center, Suite 231 Department of Agriculture 1000 Independence Avenue, SW Denver, Colorado 80225 Washington, DC 20220 Room 4141 , South BuildingWashington, DC 20585 No . 45A Estate Nisky Assistant Director Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, Virgin Washington, DC 20250 Refuges & Wildlife Islands 00830 Fish & Wildlife Service, Room 3248 18th & C Street, NW Washington, DC 20240 Appendix IX: 3 Appendix IX : 4 Division Engineer, Planning Historic Coordinator Historic American Buildings International Boundary & Water USPS Survey/Historic Commission Memphis Facilities Service Center American Engineering Record (429 ) U. S . Section Headquarters,p Southern Region National Park Service A P P EN � 4171 North Mesa; C-310 Memphis, TN 38166-0330 P . O. Box D I X X • LIST El Paso, Texas 79902 Washington, ton D . C . 20013-7127 • OF Historic Coordinator Senior Staff Member for Historic USPS Alaska Regional Office NATIONAL :itREGISTER Preservation, Urban Affairs & Land Chicago Facilities Service Center National Park Service Use 222 So . Riverside Plaza, Suite 2000 2525 Gambell Street Council on Environmental Quality Chicago, IL 60606-6155 Anchorage, Alaska 99503-2690 BULLETINS722 Jackson Place, NW Washington, DC 20006 Historic Coordinator Mid-Atlantic Regional Office USPS National Park Service Nuclear Regulatory Commission San Bruno Facilities Service Center 143 South Third Street WF, 12-H-5 850 Cherry Avenue Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106 Washington, DC 20555 San Bruno, CA 94099-0330 Rocky Mountain Regional Office 2 Nomination of Deteriorated Buildings to the National Register POSTAL SERVICE (USPS ) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE National Park Service OFFICES P. O. Box 25287 4 Contribution of Moved Buildings to Historic Districts Historic Coordinator Denver, Colorado 80225-0287 5 Tax Treatmentsfor Moved Buildings USPS National Register of Historic Places g 475 L' Enfant Plaza, SW Interagency Resources Division Southeast Re tonal Office 6 Nomination of Properties Significant for Association with Living Persons Washington, DC 20260 National Park Service g P. O. Box 37127 National Park Service 7 Definition of Boundaries for Historic Units of the National Park System Realty Acquisition Specialist Principal Washington, D . C . 20013-7127 75 Spring Street, SW 8 Use of Nomination Documentation in the Part I Certification Process USPS 4610 Atlanta , Georgia 30303 fi 475 L' Enfant Plaza, Suite 4801 National Historic Landmarks 12 Definition of National Register Boundaries for Archeological Properties Washington, DC 20260-6432 Program Western Regional Office g g National Park Service 13 How to Apply National Register Criteria to Post Offices History Division (418 ) 600 Harrison Street 14 Guidelines for CountingResources for National Register Documentation Historic Coordinator National Park Service Contributing and Noncontributing Suite 600 USPS P .O. Box 37127 San Francisco, California 94107 1372 15 How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation Windsor Facilities Service Center Washington, D . C. 20013-7127 16 Guidelinesfor Completing National Register ofHistoric Places Forms 6 Griffin Road, North p 8 $� Windsor, CT 06006-0330 Archeological Assistance Division 17 Certification of State and Local Statutes and Historic Districts (436) 18 How to Evaluate and Nominate Designed Historic Landscapes Historic Coordinator National Park Service USPS P. O. Box 37127 • 19 Policies and Procedures for Processing National Register Nominations Philadelphia Facilities Service Center Washington, D . C. 20013-7127 20 Nominating Historic Vessels and Shipwrecks to the National Register of Historic Places P . O. Box 86021 How to Establish Boundaries for National Register Properties Philadelphia, PA 19197-0330 22 Guidelines for Evaluating and Nominating Properties That Have Achieved Significance Within the Last Fifty Years 23 How to Improve the Quality of Photos for National Register Nominations 24 Guidelines for Local Surveys: A Basis for Preservation Planning 25 Directory of Technical Assistance 26 Certified Local Governments in the National Historic Preservation Program 28 Using the UTM Grid System to Record Historic Sites 29 Guidelines for Restricting Information About Historic and Prehistoric Resources 30 Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Rural Historic Landscapes 32 Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Properties Associated with Significant Persons 33 National Register Information System Manual for State and Federal Users 34 Guidelines for Evaluating and Nominating Historic Aids to Navigation 35 National Register Casebook: Examples of Documentation 36 Historical Archeological Sites: Guidelines for Evaluation (pending) 38 Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Traditional Cultural Properties 39 Researching a Historic Property The above publications may be obtained by writing to the National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service, U. S . Department of the Interior, P .O . Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127. Appendix IX : 5 Appendix X : 1 I • - ---- -- - - - - _ T i 0 ISBN 0 - 16 - 035899 - X 90000 r. 9 780160 35899